‎Die elektrischen Kabel. ‘Sammlung Göschen’, 1019.‎

‎Berlin und Leipzig, Walter de Gruyter, 1930, kl. in-8°, 133 S., mit 40 Abbildungen + 22 S. (Publ.), Original-Leinenband.‎

‎"La partie et le tout - Le monde de la physique atomique - Collection ""Champs"" n°215"‎

‎Flammarion. 1990. In-12. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 335 pages.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Trad. de l'allemand par Paul Kessler. Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Der Teil und das Ganz. Gerspräche im Umkreis der Atomphysik -- EDITION ORIGINALE -- BEL EXEMPLAIRE‎

‎Munchen, Piper, 1969, un volume in 8 relié en pleine toile éditeur, 1 portrait, 334pp.‎

‎---- EDITION ORIGINALE ---- BEL EXEMPLAIRE ---- "Heisenberg est d'abord l'un des fondateurs de la théorie quantique... Ses travaux le situent au premier plan des théoriciens contemporains et lui ont valu le Prix Nobel en 1932. C'est également Heisenberg qui le premier en 1927 a formulé les relations ou inégalités liant, pour un même objet quantique, la largeur de son spectre en quantité de mouvement et la largeur de son spectre en position. C'est en grande partie autour de l'interprétation qu'il faut donner à ces relations que se sont instaurées les controverses qui devaient présider à la naissance de la mécanique quantique... Outre ses productions scientifiques, Heisenberg est l'auteur d'ouvrages de mise au point, de vulgarisation et de réflexion : La physique du noyau atomique, Physique et philosophie ; la science moderne en révolution ..." ---- Erste Begegnung mit der Atomlehre (1919-1920) - Der Entschluss zum Physikstudium (1920) - Der Begriff Verstehen in der modernen Physik (1920 bis 1922) - Belehrung ¥ber Politik und Geschichte (1922-1924) - Die Quantenmechanik und ein Gespräh mit Einstein (1925-1926) - Erste Gespräche ¥ber das Verhältnis von Naturwissenschaft und Religion (1927) - Atomphysik und pragmatische Denkwiese (1929) - Gespräche ¥ber das Verhältnis zwischen Biologie, Physik und Chemie (1930-32) - Quantenmechanik und Kantsche Philosophie (1930-1932) - Diskussion ¥ber die Sprache (1933) - Revolution und Universitätsleben (1933) - Diskussionen ¥ber die Möglichkeinten der Atomtechnik und ¥ber die Elementarteilchen (1935-1937) - Das Handeln des Einzelnen in der politischen Katastrophe (1937-1941) - Der Weg zum neuen Anfang (1941-1945) - Ubezr die Verantwortung des Forschers (1945-1950) - Positivismus, Metaphysik und Religion (1952) - Auseinandersetzungen in Politik und Wissenschaft (1956 bis 1957) - Die einheitliche Feldtheorie (1957-1958) - Elementarteilchen und Platonische Philosophie (1961-1965)**6554/M5DE‎

‎Die Selbstenergie des Elektrons.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 65, 1930. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 4-13. [Entire volume: VIII, 876 pp.].‎

‎First printing. Cassidy 1930b‎

‎Die Selbstenergie des Elektrons.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1930. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 65, 1930. Entire issue offered. Stamp to front free end-paper, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 4-13. [Entire volume: VIII, 876 pp.].‎

‎First printing. Cassidy 1930b‎

‎La physique du noyau atomique, traduit par C. Peyrou. Préface de Louis Leprince-Ringuet -- PREMIERE EDITION FRANCAISE‎

‎P., A. Michel, 1954, un volume in 8 relié en cartonnage bradel, 8pp., 214pp. ‎

‎---- PREMIERE EDITION FRANCAISE ---- "Les travaux de HEISENBERT le situent au premier plan des théoriciens contemporains et lui ont valu le Prix Nobel en 1932..." ---- La théorie atomique de l'Antiquité jusqu'à la fin du XIXe siècle - Molécule et atomes - Radioactivité et les constituants du noyau - Les états normaux des noyaux atomiques - Les forces nucléaires - Les processus nucléaires - ETC**2619/M7DE‎

‎LES PRINCIPES PHYSIQUES DE LA THEORIE DES QUANTA.‎

‎GAUTHIER-VILLARS. 1957. In-8. Broché. Etat d'usage, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur acceptable. 124 pages - Quelques soulignements au crayon a papier dans le texte.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Préface de Louis de BROGLIE / TRaduit de l'allemand par B. CHZMPION et E. HOCHARD. Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Les principes physiques des théorie des quanta. Traduit de l’allemand par MM. B. Champion et E. Hocahrd. Préface de M. Louis de Broglie. Nouveau tirage.‎

‎ Paris, Gauthier-Villars 1957, 240x160mm, X - 124pages, broché. Taches brunes sur les pages de garde supérieure et inférieure, et nom du possesseur sur le haut de la page de garde supérieure, autrement bel exemplaire, intérieur propre. ‎

‎ Pour un paiement via PayPal, veuillez nous en faire la demande et nous vous enverrons une facture PayPal‎

‎Physique et philosophie. La science moderne en révolution. Traduit de l'anglais par Jacqueline Hadamard -- PREMIERE EDITION FRANCAISE‎

‎P., A. Michel, 1961, un volume in 8, broché, couverture imprimée, 250pp., (1)‎

‎---- PREMIERE EDITION FRANCAISE ---- "Heisenberg est d'abord l'un des fondateurs de la théorie quantique... Ses travaux le situent au premier plan des théoriciens contemporains et lui ont valu le Prix Nobel en 1932. C'est également Heisenberg qui le premier en 1927 a formulé les relations ou inégalités liant, pour un même objet quantique, la largeur de son spectre en quantité de mouvement et la largeur de son spectre en position. C'est en grande partie autour de l'interprétation qu'il faut donner à ces relations que se sont instaurées les controverses qui devaient présider à la naissance de la mécanique quantique... Outre ses productions scientifiques, Heisenberg est l'auteur d'ouvrages de mise au point, de vulgarisation et de réflexion : La physique du noyau atomique, Physique et philosophie ; la science moderne en révolution ..." ---- Histoire de la théorie des quanta - L'interprétation de Copenhague - La théorie quantique et les racines de la science atomique - Le développement des idées philosophiques depuis Descartes et la nouvelle situation en théorie quantique - Théorie de la relativité - Le rôle de la physique moderne dans l'évolution actuelle de la pensée humaine - ETC**6553/2621/M7DE‎

‎Bermerkung zur Diracschen Theorie des Positrons (+) Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons. - [EULER-HEISENBERG LAGRANGIAN]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1934 & 1936. 8vo. In two contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 90, 1934 & Bd. 98, 1936. Entire volumes offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine. Pp. 209-23" Pp. 714-32. [Entire volume: VIII, 835 pp." VIII, 794 pp.].‎

‎First appearance of Heisenberg and Euler's important papers in which they were the first to be able to show that Paul Dirac's introduction of the positron opens the possibility that photons in electron-positron pair production scatter with each other. Here they also presented the Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian which describes the non-linear dynamics of electromagnetic fields in vacuum. It takes into account vacuum polarization to one loop, and it is valid for electromagnetic fields that change slowly compared to the inverse electron mass. ""Heisenberg preferred to continue the search for a consistent quantum physics, much of which was pursued by his assistant Hans Euler discovered that nonlinear interactions in positron theory, which yielded photonphoton scattering, could be represented by treating the electron as possessing a minimum size, below which the interferences predominated."" (DSB).Cassidy 1934a, 1936a.‎

‎Der Teil und das Ganze. Gespräche im Umkreis der Atomphysik.‎

‎München: Riper, 1969. 8vo. Publishers full cloth with dust jacket. 333,(3) pp.‎

‎Die 'beobachtbaren' Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen (+) Die beobachtbaren Grössen in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen. II. - [THE DISCOVERY OF S-MATRIX]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1943. 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 120, 1943. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's two seminal paper on the scattering matrix, or S-matrix. """"S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's"" (DSB). These papers are ranked by David Cassidy as being amoung his most important.""The outbreak of world war in September 1939 profoundly affected Heisenberg and his career. Still of military age, he was ordered to report to the Army We apons Bureau (Heereswaffenamt) in Berlin. There the authorities asked him and other leading German nuclear physicists to investigate whether nuclear fission, discovered in Berlin a year earlier, could be used for large-scale energy production. Within two months Heisenberg completed a comprehensive report on the theory of chain reactions and their uses, including their use in an atomic bomb. Thereport made Heisenberg the leading specialist on nuclear energy in Germany.In order to continue the promising research, the Army Weapons Bureau designated the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics in Berlin the center of German fission research. After the departure of the institute's Dutchdirector, peter Debye, who chose emigration over German citizenship, Heisenberg was named adviser, and later acting director, of the institute and its nuclear research. At the same time, Heisenberg supervised preliminary reactor experiments in Leipzig. He also continued with high-energy interactions. In papers written between 1942 and 1944, Heisenberg developed a theory of particle collisions based, as in 1925, only upon the observable properties of the colliding particles. Theresulting ""S-matrix"" theory of particle scattering, especially in its later analytic forms, enjoyed considerable attention after the war, then again during the 1960's but renormalized field theories eventually found more followers."" (DSB)Cassidy 1943a, 1943b ‎

‎Die Grenzen der Anwendbarkeit der bisherigen Quantentheorie.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1941, 8vo. In contemporary halv cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 117, 1941. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end-paper. Fine and clean. Pp. 251-266. [Entire volume: VIII, 818 pp.].‎

‎First appearance of Heisenberg's important paper in which ""succeded in sketching invariant procedures for establishing such a theory [n new relativistic invariant theory quantum theory in which the fundamental length laid down the limitations of present quantum theory in the same way as the constants c and h fixed the limitations fo classical physics] by developing a formalism of time displacement in the interaction picture (which later became standard in quantum mechanics)"". (March, Werner Heisenberg, and the search for a smallest length)Cassidy 1938b‎

‎La partie et le tout. Le monde de la physique atomique (souvenirs 1920-1965). Traduit par Paul Kessler.‎

‎ P., Albin Michel (Les Savants et le Monde), 1972, in 8° broché, 335 pages ; couverture illustrée ; traces de ruban adhésif. ‎

‎ ...................... Photos sur demande .......................... ‎

‎"Physique et philosophie - collection ""Sciences d'aujourd'hui"""‎

‎Albin Michel. 1971. In-12. Broché. Etat d'usage, Couv. partiel. décollorée, Dos fané, Intérieur acceptable. 285 pages.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Trad. de l'anglais par Jacqueline Hadamard. Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Schritte über Grenzen. Gesammelte Reden und Aufsätze.‎

‎München, 1971. 313,(7) pp. First edition.‎

‎The present situation in the theory of elementary particles. (In: Commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Niels Bohr's first papers on atomic constitution held in Copenhagen on 8-15 July, 1963. Session on elementary particles, on Wednesday, 10 Ju...‎

‎Copenhagen: Institute for Theoretical Physics, 1963. 4to. Cloth-backed printed wrappers. (2),79,(1) pp.‎

‎First edition of Heisenberg's paper. The volume also includes: Abraham Pais ""Invariance principles"" and Gian Carlo Wick ""Quantum field theories."" ‎

‎Zur Theorie der ""Schauer"" in der Höhenstrahlung (+) Zur Theorie der explosionsartigen Schauer in der kosmischen Strahlung. II. - [HEISENBERG'S ""EXPLOSION SHOWERS"" OF COSMIC RAYS]‎

‎Berling, Springer, 1936 & 1939. 8vo. In two contemporary halv cloth bindings. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 101, 1936 & 113, 1939. Entire volumes offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's two famous papers on ""explosion showers"" of cosmic rays"" a subject he himself considered ""the frontier of a wholly new and revolutionary physics."" (DSB). ""It appears to me that Heisenberg's experiences with the Fermi theory made a deep and lasting impact on him, which changed the course of his thinking. The strong increase of cross sections with energy he had found led him to surmise that physics may have to be revised at short distances. Already in his 1936 paper [the present] we find references to 'the introduction of a universal length which perhaps must be connected with a new change a principle in the formalism, just as for example the introduction of the constant c led to a modification of prerelativistic physics"". Note also that 1936 was the last year Heisenberg worked on quantum electrodynamics."" (Pais, Inward Bound).""While engaged in this political fight, Heisenberg vigorously pursued his search for a consistent quantum field theory. His tenacious adherence to what he believed to be the beginning of a new quantum revolution is in part attributable to his concern for the vitality of German research. In 1935 Heisenberg's research began to focus on high-energy collisions of elementary particles in cosmic rays, the highest energy phenomena then known. Examining the Fermi (weak) interaction in early 1936, Heisenberg discovered a mathematical minimum length, about the size of elementary particles, that appeared to trigger the onset of ""explosion showers"" of cosmic rays. The minimum length, a notion that he had earlier considered in the context of quantum eletrodynamics, marked, he belived, the boundary of quantum mechanics and the frontier of a wholly new and revolutionary physics.Heisenberg's revolutionary notions were challenged soon afterward by the alternative quantum electrodynamics of ""cascade showers."" generated by Bremsstrahlung and pair production. A controversy ensued, mainly between Heisenberg and several American physicists, over the existence of explosion showers and over allegiances to the two types of theories and their implications for the future course of physics. Fermi's weak-field theory soon proved inapplicable to the problem, but in 1939 Heisenberg extended his notions to Yukawa's (strong) meson theory of nuclear forces, revitalizing the controversy into the war years. A universal minimum length remained a permanent feature of Heisenberg's physics. Although explosion showers later called ""multiple processes,"" were discovered after the war in cosmic-ray events, the invention of renormalization techniques and the experimental confirmation of quantum electrodynamics to the highest energies left Heisenberg's physics with only minority support."" (DSB)Cassidy 1936b, 1939a.‎

‎Über die Spektra von Atomsystemen mit zwei Elektronen.‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1926. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Zeitschrift für Physik. Hrsg. von Karl Scheel"", Bd. 39, pp. 499-518. With the titlepage to the whole volume.‎

‎First edition of this importent paper in which Heisenberg - after inventing Quantum Mechanics the year before (1925) - investigates some of the fundamental aspects of the new theory. Heisenberg recognizes the invariance of the wave equation with respect to various transformations. ""It is clear that such invariance exists with respect to an interchange of the coordinates of identical particles, e.g. of two electrons in an atom of two nuclei of the same kind in a molecule. As a consequence, the wave function of a non-degenerate stationary state must either remain unchanged or may only change sign when the transformation is applied to it....Indeed, in this way Pauli's exclusion principle for electrons found a formulation in terms of wave mechanics.""(K. Kronik in Memorial Volume to Wolfgang Pauli).‎

‎Über die Spektra von Atomsystemen mit zwei Elektronen.‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1926. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half cloth. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 39. Entire volume offered. Stamp to front free end paper. Fine and clean. Pp. 499-518. [Entire volume: IV, 948 pp].‎

‎First edition of this important paper in which Heisenberg - after inventing Quantum Mechanics the year before (1925) - investigates some of the fundamental aspects of the new theory. Heisenberg recognizes the invariance of the wave equation with respect to various transformations. ""It is clear that such invariance exists with respect to an interchange of the coordinates of identical particles, e.g. of two electrons in an atom of two nuclei of the same kind in a molecule. As a consequence, the wave function of a non-degenerate stationary state must either remain unchanged or may only change sign when the transformation is applied to it....Indeed, in this way Pauli's exclusion principle for electrons found a formulation in terms of wave mechanics.""(K. Kronik in Memorial Volume to Wolfgang Pauli).Cassidy 1926e‎

‎Über quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. - [BIRTH OF MODERN QUANTUM MECHANICS]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1925. 8vo. Bound in full cloth with library label to lower part of spine and library stamps to front free end paper. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik, 33. Band, 1925"". Front boards very loose and spine almost detached. Internally fine and clean. [Heisenberg) Pp. 879-893. [Entire issue: VII, (1), 950 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heiseberg's seminal and groundbreaking paper which laid the foundation for matrix mechanics and thereby giving birth to modern quantum mechanics"" a theory that states quantum mechanics should be based ""exclusively on relationship between quantities which in principle are observable"" (From the abstract). ""The alternative, which he [Heisenberg] chose in his historic paper [the present] and which led to the development of matrix machanics, the earliest formulation of modern quantum mechanics, abandoned Bohr's description of motion in terms of classical physics altogether and replaced it by a description in terms of what Heisenberg regarded as observable magnitudes"" (Jammer, The Conceptual Development of Quantum Mechanics, P. 197).""After nearly two weeks on Helgoland, Heisenberg returned to Göttingen, where he drafted his fundamental paper ""Über die quantentheoretische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen,"" which he completed in July. In this paper Heisenberg proclaimed that the quantum mechanics of atoms should contain only relations between experimentally observable quantities. Theresulting formalism served as the starting point for the new quantum mechanics, based, as Heisenberg's multiplication rule implied, on the manipulation of ordered sets of data forming a mathematical matrix."" (DSB)Before Heisenberg's discovery the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantum theory was the leading theory. By the early 1920's most physicists agreed that the Bohr-Sommerfeld theory had problems and that there was a need to replace it with a new quantum theory. Heisenberg's main achievement was to replace the idea of orbital path with what could be observed, namely the light emitted and absorbed by the atoms. Because of the unfamiliar mathematics which Heisenberg's new theory used, several physicists had doubts about its consistency. But Max Born soon realized that the laws, which the theory relied on, were the same as the laws, which apply to matrix algebra. In 1925 Born and his student Pascual Jordan published ""Zur Quantenmechanik"" which reformulated Heisenbergs theory in terms of matrices, in the special case of one degree of freedom. With ""Zur Quantenmechanik II"" (or the ""Three Man Paper"") published 1926, Heisenberg, Born and Jordan described the new theory in the general case of arbitrarely many freedom degrees.‎

‎Über Stabilität und Turbulenz von Flüssigkeitsströmen. - [OFFPRINT PRESENTATION COPY OF HEISENBERG'S DISSERTATION]‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth), 1924. 8vo. Offprint from ""Annalen der Physik"" IV. Folge, Bd. 74, 1924. With the author's presentation inscription to upper right corner of first leaf: ""Hrn. Dr. Faxeén mit / best. Empfehl. d. verf."". Stapled spine with rust slightly affecting surrounding paper. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. (1), 578-627.‎

‎First edition in the exceedingly rare offprint - with a most attractive presentation-inscription from Heisenberg to Swedish Hilding Faxén, an important contributor to the field - of Heisenberg's doctoral dissertation on the stability and turbulence of fluid flow, which ""involved an approximate solution of the complicated equations governing the onset of hydrodynamic turbulence""(David C. Cassidy). It is widely regarded as being ""the most important early paper devoted to this subject"". (Yaglom, Hydrodynamics Instability and Transition to Turbulence).Hilding Faxén (1892 - 1970), Swedish physicist, received his doctorate in 1921 at Uppsala University with his thesis on ""the influence of the container walls on the resistance against movement by a small ball in a viscous fluid"". He formulated several basic equations mainly in hydrodynamics"" the Faxén integral, the Faxén laws, the Faxén theorems and the Faxén-Waller theory.Heisenberg and Faxén most likely met at the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen (Directed by Niels Bohr) where Heisenberg, From 17 September 1924 to 1 May 1925, studied under an International Education Board Rockefeller Foundation fellowship. Despite Sommerfeld's positive evaluation of Heisenberg's thesis - ""In the handling of the present problem, Heisenberg shows once again his extraordinary abilities: complete command of the mathematical apparatus and daring physical insight"" (Arnold Sommerfeld, evaluation of the thesis, 1923) -, the oral presentation did not go as Heisenberg could have hoped for:""Acceptance of the dissertation brought admission of the candidate to the final orals, where in this case trouble began. The examining committee consisted of Sommerfeld and Wien, along with representatives in Heisenberg's two minor subjects, mathematics and astronomy. Much was at stake, for the only grades a candidate received were those based on the dissertation and final oral: one grade for each subject and one for overall performance. The grades ranged from I (equivalent to an A) to V (an F).As the 21-year-old Heisenberg appeared before the four professors on July 23, 1923, he easily handled Sommerfeld's questions and those in mathematics, but he began to stumble on astronomy and fell flat on his face on experimental physics. In his laboratory work Heisenberg had to use a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a device for observing the interference of light waves, on which Wien had lectured extensively. But Heisenberg had no idea how to derive the resolving power of the interferometer nor, to Wien's surprise, could he derive the resolving power of such common instruments as the telescope and the microscope. When an angry Wien asked how a storage battery works, the candidate was still lost. Wien saw no reason to pass the young man, no matter how brilliant he was in other fields."" (Cassidy, Uncertainty).The result was that Heisenberg received the lowest of three passing grades in physics and the same overall grade (cum laude) for his doctorate, both of which were an average between Sommerfeld's highest grade and Wien's lowest grade.There is an interesting epilogue to the story. When Heisenberg derived the uncertainty relations several years later, he used the resolving power of the microscope to derive the uncertainty relations - and he still had difficulty with it. When Bohr pointed out the error, it led to emotional difficulties for Heisenberg. Likewise, this time a positive result came off the affair: Heisenberg's reaction induced Bohr to formulate his own views on the subject, which ultimately led to the so-called Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics.Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 ""for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"".Faxén was appointed professor of mechanics at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, where he remained until his retirement in 1958. In 1948 he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.Cassidy 1924b.‎

‎Über Stabilität und Turbulenz von Flüssigkeitsströmen. - [HEISENBERG'S DISSERTATION]‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1924. 8vo. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", band 74, 1924, entire volume offered. Stamp to verso of title-page and hindges loose, otherwise fine. [Heisenberg's paper:] Pp. 577-627. [Entire volume:] VII, (1), 760 pp. + 3 plates.‎

‎First appearance of Heisenberg's doctoral dissertation on the stability and turbulence of fluid flow, which ""involved an approximate solution of the complicated equations governing the onset of hydrodynamic turbulence""(David C. Cassidy). It is widely regarded as being ""the most important early paper devoted to this subject"". (Yaglom, Hydrodynamics Instability and Transition to Turbulence).Despite Sommerfeld's positive evaluation of Heisenberg's thesis ""In the handling of the present problem, Heisenberg shows once again his extraordinary abilities: complete command of the mathematical apparatus and daring physical insight"" (Arnold Sommerfeld, evaluation of the thesis, 1923.), the oral presentation did not go as Heisenberg could have hoped for:""Acceptance of the dissertation brought admission of the candidate to the final orals, where in this case trouble began. The examining committee consisted of Sommerfeld and Wien, along with representatives in Heisenberg's two minor subjects, mathematics and astronomy. Much was at stake, for the only grades a candidate received were those based on the dissertation and final oral: one grade for each subject and one for overall performance. The grades ranged from I (equivalent to an A) to V (an F).As the 21-year-old Heisenberg appeared before the four professors on July 23, 1923, he easily handled Sommerfeld's questions and those in mathematics, but he began to stumble on astronomy and fell flat on his face on experimental physics. In his laboratory work Heisenberg had to use a Fabry-Perot interferometer, a device for observing the interference of light waves, on which Wien had lectured extensively. But Heisenberg had no idea how to derive the resolving power of the interferometer nor, to Wien's surprise, could he derive the resolving power of such common instruments as the telescope and the microscope. When an angry Wien asked how a storage battery works, the candidate was still lost. Wien saw no reason to pass the young man, no matter how brilliant he was in other fields."" (Cassidy, Uncertainty)The result was that Heisenberg received the lowest of three passing grades in physics and the same overall grade (cum laude) for his doctorate, both of which were an average between Sommerfeld's highest grade and Wien's lowest grade.There is an interesting epilogue to the story. When Heisenberg derived the uncertainty relations several years later, he used the resolving power of the microscope to derive the uncertainty relations - and he still had difficulty with it. When Bohr pointed out the error, it led to emotional difficulties for Heisenberg. Likewise, this time a positive result came of the affair: Heisenberg's reaction induced Bohr to formulate his own views on the subject, which ultimately led to the so-called Copenhagen Interpretation of quantum mechanics.Heisenberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 ""for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"".Cassidy 1924b.‎

‎Kosmische Strahlung. Vorträge gehalten im Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Göttingen. Zweite Auflage.‎

‎Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1953. Lex8vo. Orig. full cloth with dustjacket. VIII,620 pp., textillustr. and 1 plate.‎

‎The first edition appeared 1943, this second edition has nearly all the contributions rewritten.‎

‎Kosmische Strahlung. Vorträge gehalten in Max Planck=Institut ...‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1943. Original printed wrappers. Wrappers with some tears. VI,173 pp.‎

‎First edition. Contributions by Heisenberg, Weizächer, Flügge a. others. Also Festschrift zu Arnold Sommerfeld.‎