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PIAT Clodius
LEIBNIZ
Paris, Alcan, 1915. In-8, VII, 375 pp. broché.
Reference : ARCA112
Les Grands philosophes
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5 book(s) with the same title
De Lineis Opticis, et alia" Excerpta ex literis ad--- (+) Schediasma de Resistentia Medii, & Motu projectorum gravium in medio resistente. (+) Tentamen de Motuum Coelestium causis. (+) De Linea Isochrona, in qua grave sine acceleratione descendit, & d... - [THE WAR OF THE GIANTS NEWTON AND LEIBNIZ ON THE WORLD SYSTEM]
Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1689. 4to. Contemporary full vellum. Faint hand-written title to spine. A small stamp on title-page. In: ""Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCLXXXIX"". (8), 653, (7) pp. and 15 engraved plates. As usual with various browning to leaves and plates. The entire volume offered. Leibniz's papers: pp. 36-38 a. 1 engraved plate" pp. 38-46 pp. 82-89 a. 1 engraved plate" pp. 195-198.
First printing of these extremely important papers, in which Leibniz claimed that he independently of Newton had discovered the principal propositions of his ""Principia"" and which present us with Leibniz's fundamental physico-mathematical theory, his dynamics, his concepts of force, space and time. The ""Tentamen..."" constitutes Leibniz's response to Newton's theories about the motion of the celestial bodies. Leibniz can be said to have anticipated the modern mathematical principle of relativity, as it is his idea of individual co-ordinate systems and his practical rejection of the Galilean co-ordinate system that Newton adopted. Leibniz opposes Newton's ideas of attractions (gravitational forces) and calls them ""occult qualities"". The task of the ""Tentamen..."" was to attain a theory mathematically equivalent to Newton's in accounting for planetary motion and especially for the inverse-square law of Kepler's laws, but physically sound and capable of explaining the causes of phenomena.Newton attacked Leibniz's claim of priority in his anonymously published paper ""Commercium epistolicum"" (Phil. Transactions 1714), and states that ""in those tracts the principal propositions of that book are composed in a new manner, and claimed by Mr. Leibniz as if he had found them himself before the publishing of the said book. But Mr. Leibniz cannot be a witness in his own cause. It lies upon him either to prove that he had found them before mr. Newton, or to quit his claim."" The features of Leibniz's mathematical representation of motion as put forward in ""Tentamen..."" are, (see D.B. Meli: Equivalence and Priority. Newton versus Leibniz. pp. 90-91):- Empty space does not exist. The world is filled with a variety of fluids which are responsible for physical actions, including gravity.- Living force and its conservation are the fundamental notion and principle respectively, in the investigation of nature, however, they do not figure prominently in the study of planetary motion.- Finite and infinitesimal variables are regularly employed in the study of motion and of other physical phenomena. Living force and velocity are finite" solicitation and conatus are infinitesimal.- Accelerated motion, whether rectilinear or curvilinear, is represented as a series of infinitesimal uniform rectilinear motions interrupted by impulses. I call this 'polygonal representation'. Usually the polygon is chosen in such a way that each side is traversed in an equal element of time dt. In polygonal representations accelerations are reduced to a macroscopic phenomenon.- Propositions are often used to safeguard dimensional homogeneity. Constant factors - such as numerical factors, mass, and the element of time - are usually ignored in the calculations.Denys Papin's papers:1. Descriptio Torcularis, cujus in Actis Anni 1688 pag. 646 mentio facta a suit... and 1 plate. Pp. 96-101.2. De Gravitatis Causa et proprietatibus Observationes. Pp. 183-188.3. Examen Machinæ Dn. Perrault. Pp. 189-195 a. 1 plate.4. Rotatilis Suctor et Pressor Hasciacus, in Serenissima Aula Cassellana demonstratus & detectus. Pp. 317-322 a. 1 plate.5. In J.B. Appendicem Illam Ad Perpetuum Mobile, Actis Novemb.A. 1688 p. 592...Pp. 322-324 a. 1 plate.6. Excerpta et Litteris Dn. Dion Papini ad --- de Instrumentis ad flammam sub aqua conservandam. Pp. 485-489 a. 1 plate.With the paper describing and depicting Papin's famous invention of the CENTRIFUGAL PUMP. ( Rotatilis Suctor et Pressor Hasciacus, in Serenissima Aula Cassellana demonstratus & detectus. - The paper offered (no.4).Jakob Bernoulli's papers:1. De Invenienda Cujusque Plani Declinatione, ex unica observatione projectæ a flylo umbræ. Pp. 311-316 a. 1 plate.2. Vera Constructio geometrica Problematum Solidorum & Hypersolidorum, per rectas lineas & circulos. Pp. 586-588 a. 1 plate.3. Novum Theorema Pro Doctrina Sectionum Conicarum. Pp. 586-588 a. 1 engraved plate.
Opera ea quae ad adinventam ab ipso ertem universalem, Scientiarum Artiumque omnium breui compendio, firmaque memoria apprehendendarum, locupletissimaque vel oratione ex tempore pertractandarum, pertinent. Ut et In eandem quorumdam interpretum scripti... - [SPARKING LEIBNIZ' DREAM OF A UNIVERSAL ALGEBRA]
Argentinae (i.e Strassburg], Lazarus Zetzner, 1598. 8vo. Very nice 19th century half calf with richly gilt spine. Some browning and spotting, but overall a nice copy. Many woodcut diagrams in the text. Woodcut printer's device to title-page. (24), 992, (32) pp.
Scarce first edition of this seminal publication, which is practically solely responsible for the spreading of both Lullism and Bruno's mnemonic theories in the 17th century. This publication constitutes the standard work on Lull for more than a century and it directly influenced the most significant thinkers of the following century, e.g. Leibnitz, whose dream of a universal algebra was stimulated by the reading of Lull (and Bruno) in the present publication.""In 1598, while the philosopher from Nola (i.e. Bruno) was in prison in Rome, Johann Heinrich Alsted together with the printer Lazarus Zetzner in Strasburg, published a great collection of the works by Raymond Lull and the most significant commentaries on Lullism, among them also some treatises by Bruno. Since then, Bruno's mnemonics was a basic component of all attempts made in the seventeenth century to set up a universal science on the basis of a theory of combinations interpreted in terms of Neo-Platonism... It was also Leibniz who was one of the first to assume similarities between Bruno's theory of the infinite and the Cartesian theory of vortices in an undetermined and infinite universe"" Leibniz had had the opportunity to read these treatises in his capacity as librarian of the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel"". (Blum, p. 110). ""From another of Pierce's Lists we know that he possessed an important collection of Lullian and Lullist texts, namely the Renaissance edition by the famous Strasbourg editor Lazarus Zetzner: ""Raymundi Lulli Opera ea quae ad adinventam ab ipso Artem universalem... pertinent"" (printed first in 1598, then 1609, 1617 and, by his heirs, in 1651). This edition, which was very influential - the young Leibniz, for instance, acquainted himself with Llull through this anthology-, contains several works by Llull himself as well as those Renaissance commentaries on his works by Agrippa of Netteshein, Giordano Bruno..."" (Fidora, p. 181).This highly influential publication of Lull's ""Opera"" through which Leibniz and many of his contemporaries got acquainted with Lull and Bruno, contains seven genuine works by Lull (including the two most important works of the last period of the Art, the ""Ars brevis"" and the ""Ars magna""), four works falsely attributed to Lull, Agrippa's ""In Artem Brevem"" - and Bruno's four highly important commentaries on Lull, being the ""De Lulliano specierum scrutinio"" (pp. 685-97), ""De Lampade combinatoria Lulliana"" (pp. 698-755), ""De Progressu Logicae venationis"" (pp. 756-62) and ""De Lampade venatoria logicurum"" (pp. 763-806), which constitute Bruno's most important logical treatises and his seminal writings on mnemonics. The four treatises originally appeared separately in 1587 and 1588 respectively, and all appear here for the second time (apart from the ""De progressu"", which also appeared together with the first printing of the ""De Lampade venatoria logicorum"" the following year and here thus appears for the third time). The first printings of these works are of impossible scarcity and hardly obtainable. These four groundbreaking works appear together for the first time in the present publication and it is through this second printing of them that 17th century thinkers such as Leibniz got acquainted with them. Raymond Lull (ca. 1232-1315) was one of the most important and influential philosophers and logicians of his time. He is considered a pioneer of several fields of science, now most notably computation theory. His works sparked Leibniz' interest in the field and drove him to his seminal invention. Lull invented an ""art of finding truth"" (often in Lullism referred to as ""The Art""), which centuries later, when read in the present publication, stimulated Leibnitz' dream of a universal algebra. Lull applied this art to basically all subjects studied at the Medieval Universities. ""Lull's metaphysics worked a revolution in the history of philosophy"" (The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, p. 548). Giordano Bruno (1548-1600) is one of the most significant thinkers of modern times. He prepared the way for the rise of modern philosophy and became a forerunner of modern philosophy and science. His logical commentaries and mnemonic treatises were of special importance to the emerging logic of the 17th century and it is his version of Lullism that comes to dominate this significant strand of thought for more than a century. Having been arrested in 1592 due to alleged heresy, Bruno was subjected to a 6 year long trial that finally condemned him to hanging in 1600, two years after the publication of the four works that came to secure his influence over the following century. ""Bruno burned for philosophy"" he was killed for moral, physical, and metaphysical views that terrified and angered authorities."" (Copenhaver & Schmitt, p. 315).""By far the greatest figure of this generation was Giordano Bruno (1548-1600), whose interest in Llull dates almost exclusively from his sojurns in France and Germany. His activities in this field, which he combined with his other aspects of Reniassance philosophy, are too complex to be treated in any detail here. Suffice it to say with Frances Yates that ""the three strands of the Hermetism, the mnemonics, the Lullism are all interwoven in Bruno's complex personality, mind and mission""...""Perhaps the most important event of Lulliasm of this period was not the appearance of any new figure or work but the publication of an anthology by Lazarus Zetzner of Strasburg, entitled ""Raymundi Lullii, opera ea quae ad adinventam ab ipso Artem universalem"", which, for the next century or so, was to become the standard work on Llull. It is therefore instructive in understanding seventeenth-century Lullism... The first edition of this anthology appeared in Strasburg in 1598. It was reprinted in 1609... reprinted in 1617 and again in 1651... This mixture of Llull, pseudo-Llull, and Renaissance commentaries, emphasizing a general art of discourse, constituted the ""package"" in which Llull was presented to seventeenth-century readers, including Leibniz (note 33: it was apparently the first edition of 1598 that Leibniz read), and it must be kept in mind when discussing their version of Llull."" (Bonner, pp. 67-68). Bruno's works, the first editions of which are all of the utmost scarcity, were generally not reprinted in Bruno's lifetime and new editions of them did not begin appearing until the 19th century. For three centuries his works had been hidden away in libraries, where only few people had access to them. One very significant exception is the four treatises that we find in the present publication. They are among the only of Bruno's treatises to be published again before the 19th century, and as they don't appear again on their own, but here, in THE most important publication of Lull's writings for more than a century, it is through this second printing of these four works that Bruno comes to have his primary influence upon 17th century philosophy and science. His separate publications were simply not accessible to thinkers like Leibniz and could thus not be studied. Also therefore, Zetzners' 1598 publication of Lull and Bruno together proved to be of seminal importance, not only to the spreading of Lullism, but just as much to the spreading of Bruno's even more important theories. ""Raymond Lull (ab. 1232 - 1315), Majorcan writer, philosopher, memorycian (he was later to become a great source of inspiration for Giordano Bruno), logician, and a Franciscan tertiary. He wrote the first major work of Catalan literature. Recently-surfaced manuscripts show him to have anticipated by several centuries prominent work on elections theory. He is sometimes considered a pioneer of computation theory, especially given his influence on Gottfried Leibniz. He is also well known also as a glossator of Roman Law. Lull taught himself Arabic with the help from a slave. As a result, he wrote his ""Ars Magna"", which was intended to show the necessary reasons for the Christian faith. To promote his theory and test its effectiveness, he went to Algiers and Tunis. At the age of 82, in 1314, Lull traveled again to North Africa, where an angry crowd of Muslims stoned him in the city of Bougie. Genoese merchants took him back to Mallorca, where he died at home in Palma the following year."". (Thorndyke)Giordano Bruno was born in Nola in Southern Italy in 1548, and entered the Dominican order in Naples at the age of 18. While pursuing theological studies, he also thoroughly studied the ancient philosophers and began doubting some of the teachings of the Catholic Church. When he was in Rome in 1576, these doubts became known to the authorities of his order, and an indictment for heresy was prepared against him. Before he could be arrested, he escaped and began a long journey which took him to many European countries, among these England, where his most important works are published, until in 1592 he was denounced to the Inquisition and arrested. In 1593 he was taken to Rome, imprisoned, and subjected to a 6 year long trial. He firmly refused to recant his philosophical opinions, and in 1600 he was condemned for heresy, sentenced to death, and burned alive.SALVESTRINI NR. 1.See:Anthony Bonner: Doctor Illuminatus. A Ramon Llull Reader, 1993.Paul Richard Blum: Giordano Bruno. An Introduction, 2012.The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy.Alexander Fidora: Peirce's Account of the Categories and Ramon Llull.
"LEIBNIZ, GOTTFRIED & JOHANN BERNOULLI & JAKOB BERNOULLI & EHRENFRIED WALTHER VON TSCHIRNHAUS.
Reference : 42863
(1696)
Supplementum defectus geometria Cartesianae circa inventionem locorum. [Joh. Bernoulli] + [Two other papers]. Notatiuncula ad acta decemb. 1695. [LEIBNIZ]. - [THE BRACHISTOCHRONE PROBLEM]
Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1696. 4to. Entire volume present. Nice contemporary full vellum. Small yellow paper label pasted to top of spine and library-label to front free end-papers. Internally some browning and brownspotting. Overall a nice and tight copy. [Bernoulli paper:] pp. 264-69. [Leibniz-paper:] pp. 45-47. [Entire volume: (2), 603, (1) pp. + plates].
First printing of the famous 1696-edition of Acta Eruditorum in which Johann Bernoulli published a challenge to the best mathematicians:""Let two points A and B be given in a vertical plane. To find the curve that a point M, moving on a path AMB , must follow such that, starting from A, it reaches B in the shortest time under its own gravity.""Johann adds that this curve is not a straight line, but a curve well known to geometers, and that he will indicate that curve, if nobody would do so that year. Later that year Johann corresponded directly with Leibniz regarding his challenge. Leibniz solved the problem the same day he received notice of it, and almost correctly predicted a total of only five solutions: from the two Bernoullis, himself, L'Hospital, and Newton. Leibniz was convinced that the problem could only be solved by a mathematician who mastered the new field of calculus. (Galileo had formulated and given an incorrect solution to the problem in his Dialogo). But by the end of the year Johann had still not received any other solutions. However, Leibniz convinced Johann that he should extend the deadline to Easter and that he should republish the problem. Johann now had copies of the problem sent to Journal des sçavans, the Philosophical Transactions, and directly to Newton. Earlier that year Johann had accused Newton for having filched from Leibniz' papers. Manifestly, both Johann and Leibniz interpreted the silence from June to December as a demonstration that the problem had baffled Newton. They intended now to demonstrate their superiority publicly. But Newton sent a letter dated Jan. 30 1697 to Charles Montague, then president of the Royal Society, in which he gave his solution and mentioned that he had solved it the same day that he received it. Montague had Newton's solution published anonymously in the Philosophical Transactions. However, when Bernoulli saw this solution he realized from the authority which it displayed that it could only have come from Newton (Bernoulli later remarked that he 'recognized the lion by its claw'). The present volume contains the following articles of interest:Jakob Bernoulli: 1, Observatiuncula ad ea quaenupero mense novembri de Dimensionibus Curvarum leguntur.2, Constructio Generalis omnium Curvarum transcendentium ope simplicioris Tractoriae et Logarithmicae.3, Problema Beaunianum universalius conceptum.4, Complanatio Superficierum Conoidicarum et Sphaeroidicarum.Johann Bernoulli5, Demonstratio Analyticea et Syntetica fuae Constructionis Curvae Beaunianae.6, Tetragonismus universalis Figurarum Curvilinearum per Construitionem Geometricam continuo appropinquantem.Tschirnhaus7, Intimatio singularis novaeque emendationis Artis Vitriariae.8, Responsio ad Observationes Dnn. Bernoulliorum, quae in Act. Erud. Mense Junio continentur.9, Additio ad Intimationem de emendatione artis vitriariae.
Fragmentum Epistolae. - [LEIBNIZ ON THE THEODICY-PROBLEM.]
Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1728. 4to. In: "" Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCCXXVIII"". The entire volume offered in contemporary full vellum. Hand written title on spine. A yellow label pasted on to top of spine. Two small stamps to title-page and free front end-paper. Library label to pasted down front free end-paper. As usual with various browning to leaves and plates. Pp. 125-27. [Entire volume: (2), 562, (32), + six engraved plates, thereby lacking one].
First printing of German theolog Christoph Matthäus Pfaff's publication of a Leibniz letter who's intention was to prove that Leibniz regarded the Theodicy-problem as a philosophical mind-game (lusus philosophi) without any substantial content. Shortly after Leibniz's death, rumors and gossip about his religious insincerity were spread through France and Germany by the clergyman Christian Matthaeus Pfaff.He even claimed to be in possession of a letter from Leibniz in which the latter had confessed this [that it was a game of reconciling a deterministic, optimistic system with revealed religion, without real commitment or success in either] to him. Pfaff stirred up high expectations with his repeated announcement that he was on the verge of publishing the letter, but he always found some excuse not to though. (JOLLEY, The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz, P. 468)An excerpt of the letter was eventually published, which, as Pfaff states, questions Leibniz view on the Theodicy.The Theodicy, a term coined by Leibniz in his book ""Essais de Théodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal"" which appeared in 1710 with numerous editions thereafter, was widely read, but Leibniz did not regard the book as a very full or adequate expression of his thoughts, and he seemed to have hoped that someone else would assume the burden of collecting his scattered writings after his death so as to make him better understood.
LEIBNIZ (Gottfried Wilhelm, Freiherr von), EMERY (Jacques André) éditeur
Reference : 36777
Pensées de Leibniz sur la religion et la morale. Seconde Edition de l'Ouvrage intitulé 'Esprit de Leibniz', considérablement augmenté.
2 volumes in-8, demi-basane fauve de l'époque, dos lisses ornés de roulettes et de fleurons dorés, pièces de titre et de tomaison de maroquin rouge, tanches mouchetées, lxxvj, 310 p. et (2) f., 511 p. Paris, Vve Nyon, et la Librairie de la Société Typographique, An XI - 1803.
Seconde édition, la première sous ce titre, de cette synthèse de la doctrine leibnizienne augmentée d'un important "Discours préliminaire" (76 p.), de l'éloge de Leibniz par Fontenelle, de la controverse entre Leibniz et Bossuet sur la réunion des luthériens à l'Église romaine et d'une importante partie consacrée à la Morale chez Leibniz.Contient en fin, les "Principes de la philosophie de Leibniz", opuscule composé par Leibniz lui-même en 1714, résumé de sa doctrine en 93 petits chapitres, à destination du Prince Eugène de Savoie.(France littéraire, III, 19-20).Mors fendus, dos frottés avec manques en pied, rousseurs.
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