‎Proizkhodutu na vidovetie posriedstvom estestven podbor. [i.e. Bulgarian ""Origin of Species"" + ""Autobiography""]. - [FIRST BULGARIAN TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S ORIGIN OF SPECIES]‎

‎Vidin, Lozanov and Dukemedjiev Printing House, 1905. 8vo. In a contemporary half calf binding. Two stamps to title-page and 28 stamps in margins throughout the book. Extremities with wear and soiling. A few leaves with tears. (Autobiography:) 67, (2), [Origin of Speicies:] 595, (5) pp. + frontiespiece of Darwin. Genealogical tree included in the pagination on p. 133.‎

‎Rare first Bulgarian translation of Darwin's Origin of Species prefixed by his Autobiography, translated from the sixth London edition by M. Fiampova and I. H. A Timiryazova. Freeman lists the first Bulgarian translation of Origin of Species to be published in 1946. Darwin-Online states that: ""I have found very little information on this translation or the associated names. It is a rare book, with no copies located in OCLC, KVK, or EL"" however NALIS finds two, at the Bulgarian Central Medical Library and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences."". Notice, however, OCLC list two copies. OCLC list two copies: The Thomas Fisher Library, Toronto and University Library of Oklahoma. Freeman F1986‎

‎Tesakneri tsagumê. t´argmanut´yune anglerenits´, rusereni ev neratsakan hodvatse K.A. Timiryazevi. [Armenian - i.e. ""Origin of Species"". Translated by K. A. Timiryazev]. - [RARE SECOND ARMENIAN TRANSLATION OF 'ORIGIN OF SPECIES']‎

‎Erevan, Hayastani Petakan Hratarakch'ut'yun, 1963. Royal8vo. In publisher's full green cloth with gilt lettering to spine and front board. Light wear to extremities, otherwise a fine and clean copy. 591, (1) pp. + 2 plates.‎

‎First printing of the exceedingly rare second Armenian translation of Darwin's landmark work. The first translation (translated by S. Sargsyan) was published in 1936 and both translations are of the upmost scarcity. Due to the relatively low number of people speaking Armenian (approximately 3 million in Armenia and 7 million outside) books in Armenian were printed in comparatively low numbers. This is one of the very few translations of ""Origin of Species"" of which Freeman has not listed the collation. This suggests that he never actually saw the copy but only read of it. Freeman 631.R.B. Darwin Online, F631.‎

‎Fècondation croisèe et directe dans le règne vegètal (i.e. ""The Effects of Cross and Self-Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom""). - [THE RARE FIRST FRENCH TRANSLATION]‎

‎Paris, C. Reinwald et Cie, 1877. 8vo. Uncut, unopened in the original publisher's embossed full green cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Small red label pasted on to top left corner of inner front board. Light brownspots throughout. XV, (1), 496, (2) pp.‎

‎The rare first French translation of Darwin's work (the first edition being published the year before in 1876) on cross and self-fertilization - a continuation of his ""Fertilisation of Orchids"". ""It was too technical and too detailed to command a wide sale"" which is why it was published in a rather small number.It was translated into French, German and italian in Darwin's lifetime.Freeman 1265‎

‎I DIVERSI APPARECCHI COL MEZZO DEI QUALI LE ORCHIDEE VENGONO FECONDATE DAGLI INSETTI.‎

‎Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore di Giovanni Canestrini, Professore di zoologia ed anatomia comparata nella R. Univerista' di Padova, e Lamberto Moschen Dottore di storia naturale. Unione Tipografico Editrice, Torino, 1883. In-8 gr. (mm. 272x187), mz. pelle coeva, dorso a cordoni con fregi e tit. oro, pp. 207, illustrato da incisioni su legno nel t. Con timbri di apparten. ma ben conservato.‎

‎L'ORIGINE DELL'UOMO E LA SCELTA IN RAPPORTO COL SESSO.‎

‎Prima traduzione italiana col consenso dell'A. del prof. Lessona. Unione Tipografico Editrice, Torino, 1871. In-8 gr. (mm. 263x174), mz. pelle coeva, titolo oro al dorso, pp. 672, con 76 figure incise su legno nel testo. "Prima traduzione italiana", curata da Michele Lessona, di una delle opere pi importanti di Darwin e dell'intera storia della scienza - "The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex". Pubblicata dopo pi di dieci anni dall'"Origine della specie", per timore delle polemiche, l'opera contiene gli studi relativi alla selezione sessuale, necessaria al miglioramento della specie umana in quanto vengono premiati i meglio dotati e permette la trasmissione dei caratteri pi resistenti. Pagine uniformemente ingiallite per la qualit della carta, peraltro ben conservato.‎

‎Sull'Origine delle Specie per Elezione Naturale ovvero Conservazione delle Razze perfezionate nella Lotto per L'Esistenza. Prima Traduzione Italiana col Consenso dell' Autore per Cura di G. Canestrini e L. Salimbeni. - [FIRST ITALIAN TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S ""ORIGIN OF SPECIES""]‎

‎Modena, Nicola Zanichelli e. Soci, 1864. 8vo. In contemporary half calf with four raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Reinforced in inner margins and plate with waterstains to lower margin. An unusually fine and well preserved copy, internally as well as externally. XV, 403 pp + 1 plate.‎

‎Rare first edition of the first Italian translation of Darwin's seminal ""Origin of Species"", quite unusually, authorized by Darwin himself. The work was very well received and - compared to France and Spain - Darwinism was quickly adopted by Italian biologist and zoologist and meet only little catholic opposition. ""The impact of Darwinism on Italian naturalists was powerful"" the logic and rigorous treatment of the problem of the origin of species as Darwin had presented it, forced zoologists and anthropologists to reconsider those passages of Lamarckisms that they had agreed to with excessive enthusiasm"". (Capanna, Darwinism and the Italian academies). The reception of Darwin's work in France (1862) and Spain (1877) were characterized by a strong chatolic opposition, which also had a strong suppressing effect on the spread of his ideas to academic institutions.Despite of Italy being a catholic stronghold the reception of Darwinism was very favourable and meet very limited criticism from the church:""In contrast to the power Catholicism was able to exert against Darwinism in Spain, it was practically impotent in Italy. Neither could the Italian Catholic intellectual establishment draw upon a repertory of anti-Darwinism arguments from the Italian scientific establishment, as was done in France. As in France under the Third Republic and as was the case sporadically in Spain, the advent of Darwinism in Italy provided a source of ideology for the anticlerical movement. Although Darwinism enjoyed a number of close connections with the English source, the peculiarities of the Italian situation set Darwinism in Italy apart from other situations. Italy was in the forefront in recognizing Darwin, electing him to various academies and societies and awarding him the famous Bressa Prize in 1875. In Italy the translation of the Origin ""1864"" was given an impeccable scientific presentation by Giocanni Canestrini and Leonardo Salimbeni, which avoided the type of situation that arose from the presentation of Darwinism in France by Clémence Royer as a new scientific basis for a secularistic Weltanschauung. As a general explanation, of course, it is reasonable to accept Cermenati's arguments that the favorable receptivity of the scientific community and the general indifference to ecclesiastical objections to Darwinism are the chief factors explaining the quick spread of Darwinism in Italy"". (Glick, The Comparative Reception of Darwinism).Emma Darwin, Darwin's wife, wrote publisher John Murry on the 17th of December: ""Mr Darwin desires me to say that as you have never hesitated to authorize a foreign translation he has taken upon himself to authorise a translation into Italian without consulting you."" When Darwin was informed that his work was being translated into Italian he wrote to his close friend J. D. Hooker: ""There is an Italian Edit. of Origin preparing!!! This makes fifth foreign Edit, ie in five foreign countries. Owen will not be right in telling Longmans that Book wd be utterly forgotten in ten years. Hurrah!"".Freeman no. 706‎

‎Viaggio di un naturalista Intorno al Mondo. [i.e. English ""Journal of Researches"" or ""Voyage of the Beagle""]. - [FIRST ITALIAN TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S 'JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES']‎

‎Torino, Tipografico-Editrice Torinese, (1872). Large8vo. In publisher's original full green cloth. Embossed title with gilt lettering to spine and front board. Corners of binding bumped and lower part of back hindge with a small tear. An overall very fine and clean copy. (2), 464 pp.‎

‎First Italian translation of Darwin's Journal of researches, now known as Voyage of the Beagle, being his first published book. As Darwin later recalled in his autobiography 'The voyage of the Beagle has been by far the most important event in my life and has determined my whole career'. ""On its first appearance in its own right, also in 1839, it was called Journal of researches into the geology and natural history etc. The second edition, of 1845, transposes 'geology' and 'natural history' to read Journal of researches into the natural history and geology etc., and the spine title is Naturalist's voyage. The final definitive text of 1860 has the same wording on the title page, but the spine readsNaturalist's voyage round the world, and the fourteenth thousand of 1879 places A naturalist's voyage on the title page. The voyage of the Beagle first appears as a title in the Harmsworth Library edition of 1905. It is a bad title: she was only a floating home for Darwin, on which, in spite of good companionship, he was cramped and miserably sea-sick"" whilst the book is almost entirely about his expeditions on land."" (Freeman)The first edition appeared in German in 1844, at the instigation of Baron von Humboldt, and the second in Danish, French, German, Italian, Russian and Swedish, in Darwin's lifetimeFreeman 211‎

‎I movimenti e le abitudini delle piante rampicanti. Traduzione italiana col consenso dell'autore per cura di Giovanni Canestrini.‎

‎Torino, Unione Tipografico-Editrice, 1878. Large8vo. In recent cardboard wrappers. Occassional light brownspotting, especially to the first and last few leaves. Otherwise fine. 127 pp.‎

‎First Italian translation of Darwin's ""On the movement and habits of climbing plants"". The paper was first published in 1865 in the Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London (Freeman 833), later same year it was corrected and published in book form (from which the present translation is made) (Freeman 1834) Darwin described the origins and writing of this book in his autobiography: ""In the autumn of 1864 I finished a long paper on Climbing Plants, and sent it to the Linnean Society. The writing of this paper cost me four months: but I was so unwell when I received the proof-sheets that I was forced to leave them very badly and often obscurely expressed. The paper was little noticed, but when in 1875 it was corrected and published as aseparate book it sold well. I was led to take up this subject by reading a short paper by Asa Gray, published in 1858, on the movements of the tendrils of a Cucurbitacean plant. He sent me seeds, and on raising some plants I was so much fascinated and perplexed by the revolving movements of the tendrils and stems, which movements are really very simple, though appearing at first very complex, that I procured various other kinds of Climbing Plants, and studied the whole subject. I was all the more attracted to it, from not being at all satisfied with the explanation which Henslow gave us in his Lectures, about Twining plants, namely, that they had a natural tendency to grow up in a spire. This explanation proved quite erroneous. Some of the adaptations displayed by climbing plants are as beautiful as those by Orchids for ensuring cross-fertilisation.""The first edition did not appear in America, nor was it translated in Darwin's lifetime, but has a recent facsimile. The second appeared in French, German and Italian and in America from English stereos.Freeman 863.‎

‎Az Ember Származàsa és az Ivari Kiválás [i.e. Hungarian: ""The Descent of Man.""]. [Translated by:] Török Aurei és Entz Géza. 2 vols. - [FIRST HUNGARIAN TRANSLATION OF DARWIN'S ""THE DESCENT OF MAN""]‎

‎Budapest, Kiadja A. K. M., 1884. 8vo. In the publisher's original two embossed full red cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spine. Small vague stamp to both half-titles. Hindges loose on volume i. A fine fine and clean copy. LXXI, (1), 542 pp."" VII, 5, 436 pp.‎

‎The exceedingly rare first Hungarian translation of Darwin's The Descent of Man. ""Compared with the original and with a biography by Margó Tivador"" (Freeman). The Hungarian public was introduced to Darwinism early on when Ferenc Jánosi reviewed The Origin of Species in the Budapesti Szemle (Budapest Review) a half year after it first appeared in English. Darwin's principal works were first published in Hungarian translation by the Royal Hungarian Natural Science Society (Királyi Magyar Természettudományi Társulat). The Origin of Species, translated by László Dapsy, was published in 1873"" The present work in 1884 and a few years later, in 1897, the latter work was translated anew and published by László Seress. ""It is characteristic of the enlightened spirit of the country in this period that Darwin received academic recognition earlier in Hungary than in England. Although Cambridge did not honor Darwin until 1879, he was elected an honorary member of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences in 1872, the same year on this occasion the renowned Hungarian zoologist Tivadar Margó visited him at Down.Historical circumstances played a major role in this quick appearance of Darwinism and its popularity in Hungary. The failure of the 1848-49 revolution and war of independence seemingly put an end to progressive political discourse, signaling an ideological crisis among the intelligentsia. In this context, the natural sciences with their 'eternal truths' promised a way out, inasmuch as science's promised objectivity might well serve as a politically neutral expression of progressive values"" (Mund, The Reception of Charles Darwin in Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Society).""Darwin wrote, in the preface to the second edition, of 'the fiery ordeal through which this book has passed'. He had avoided the logical outcome of the general theory of evolution, bringing man into the scheme, for twelve years, and in fact it had, by that time, been so much accepted that the clamour of the opposition was not strident. He had also been preceded in 1863 by Huxley's Man's place in nature. The book, in its first edition, contains two parts, the descent of man itself, and selection in relation to sex. The word 'evolution' occurs, for the first time in any of Darwin's works, on page 2 of the first volume of the first edition, that is to say before its appearance in the sixth edition of The origin of species in the following year."" (Freeman).Freeman no. 1084.‎

‎Brief Descriptions of several Terrestrial Planariae, and of some remarkable Marine Species, with an Account of their Habits. - [DARWIN’S FIRST PUBLICATION ON TAXONOMY]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1844. 8vo. In a nice later half morocco binding with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Blind stamped to upper outer corner of first leaf of table of contents. In ""The Annals and Magazine of Natural History"", volume 14. A very fine and clean copy. [Darwin's paper] pp. pp. 241-251.. [Entire volume:] vii, [1] - 472 + 12 plates.‎

‎First edition of Darwin's paper on flatworms collected by him during the Beagle voyage, one of the important early papers by Darwin on invertebrates originally intended for publication in The Zoology of the Voyage of HMS Beagle. This is Darwin's first publication on taxonomy: illustrated with a plate drawn by Darwin, it describes a new genus and 15 new species of flatworm. Extremely rare on the market.""The paper on flatworms [...] was Darwin's first venture into taxonomy. In it, he described a new genus and 15 new species"" most of the latter are still recognised as valid. He took a great deal of interest in these animals, making extensive notes on their morphology and behaviour"" (Porter, Darwin's Sciences).Previously familiar only with marine species, Darwin was astounded to discover two new species of flatworm living on dry land in Brazil. He was intrigued by their close resemblance to snails, and evolutionary questions may well lie behind his strong interest in them. PROVENANCE: From the collection William Pickett Harris, Jr. (1897 - 1972) (pencil note on p. iii). American investment banker and biologist. Following a career in banking, Harris was appointed Associate Curator of the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan in 1928. ""[Harris] played a highly important role in developing mammalogy and systematic collections of mammals at the University of Michigan"" (Hooper p. 923).Freeman 1669‎

‎De La Variation des animaux et des plantes sous l' action de la domestication. 2 vols. [i.e. French: ""The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication""].‎

‎Paris, C. Reinwald, 1868 8vo. 2 volumes, both uncut (and volume 2 unopened) in publisher's green embossed full cloth with gilt lettering to spines. Light wear to capitals. Previous owner's name to half titles in both volumes. Light occassional brownspotting throughtout. A fine copy. XVI, 444, (1), 17 pp" (4), 531, (6) pp.‎

‎De la variation des animaux et des plantes sous l'action de la domestication (...). Traduit de l'anglais par J.-J. Moulinié (...). Préface de Carl Vogt. Avec 43 gravures sur bois.‎

‎ 2 volumes in-8 (225 x 145 mm), toile verte de l'éditeur, auteur, titre, tomaison et éditeur dorés aux dos, xvi, 444 p., (1) f., 17 p. de catalogue éditeur et (4), 531, (1) p. et 22 p., (2) p., non rogné. Paris, C. Reinwald et Cie. 1868.‎

‎Première édition française, dans la traduction du naturaliste Jean-Jacques Moulinié, publiée la même année que loriginale anglaise (London, 1868). Préface par Carl Vogt. L'ouvrage est illustré de 43 gravures sur bois.(Freeman, n° 912).Reliure éditeur frottée, mors fendus.Très bon état intérieur, exemplaire non rogné. ‎

‎Die Abstammung des Menschen. Deutsch von Heinrich Schmidt. 11.-15. Tausend.‎

‎Leipzig, Alfred kröner, (1908-09). Orig. printed wrappers. VI,154 pp.‎

‎Die Enstehung der Arten - Volkausgabe‎

‎Alfred Kröner Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1908 Book condition, Etat : Bon broché In-8 1 vol. - 297 pages‎

‎Die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl. Deutsch von Heinrich Schmidt.‎

‎Leipzig, Alfred Kröner, (1909). Orig. printed wrappers. VI,288 pp., textillustr.‎

‎(Kröners Volksausgabe).‎

‎GESAMMELTE WERKE.‎

‎Aus dem Englischen uebersetzt von J. Victor Carus. Autorisierte deutsche Ausgabe. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 1875-1878. In-8 p. (cm. 22x14,5), 16 parti in 12 volumi, mz. pelle coeva con ang., dorso a cordoni con fregi e titolo oro, illustrati da numer. figg. inc. su legno nel t. e tavole fuori testo. L'opera cos composta:<br>- "Vol. I": "Reise eines Naturforschers um die Welt", 1875, pp. XII,596, con 14 figg. <br>- "Vol. II": "Ueber die Entstehung der Arten durch natuerliche Zuchtwahl", 1876, pp. VIII,592, con un ritratto di Darwin.<br>- "Voll. III e IV": "Das Variiren der Thiere und Pflanzen im Zustande der Domestication" - parte I e parte II - 1878, pp. X,497; X,540, con 43 figg. <br>- "Voll. V e VI": Die Abstammung des Menschen und die geschlechtliche Zuchtwahl", 1875, pp. VIII,432, V,446; con 78 figg. <br>- "Vol. VII": "Der Ausdruck der Gemuethsbewegungen bei dem Menschen und den Thieren", 1877, pp. VIII,344, con 21 figg. e 7 tavole di ill. fotografiche in b.n. fuori testo<br>- "Vol. VIII": "Insectenfressende Pflanzen", 1876, pp. VIII,412, con 30 figg. <br>- "Vol. IX": parte I "Die Bewegungen und Lebensweise der kletternden Pflanzen", 1876, pp. VIII,160, con 13 figg. - parte II: "Die verschiedenen Einrichtungen durch welche Orchideen von Insecten befruchtet werden", 1877, pp. XI,259, con 38 figg. - parte III: "Die verschiedenen Bluethenformen an Pflanzen der naemlichen Art", 1877, pp. VIII,304, con 15 figg.<br> - "Vol. X": "Die Wirkungen der Kreuz- und Selbst- Befruchtung im Pflanzenreich", 1877, pp. VIII,459.<br>- "Vol. XI": parte I "Ueber den Bau und die Verbreitung der Corallen-Riffe", 1876, pp. XIV,231, con 3 carte di cui 1 geografica a colori, pi volte ripieg., fuori testo e 6 figg. - parte II "Geologische Beobachtungen ueber die Vulcanischen Inseln mit kurzen Bemerkungen ueber die Geologie von Australien und dem Cap der Guten Hoffnung", 1877, pp. VIII,176, con 1 carta geograf. ripieg., fuori testo e 14 figg. <br>- "Vol. XII": parte I "Geologische Beobachtungen ueber Sued-America angestellt waehrend der Reise des Beagle in den Jahren 1832-1836", 1878, pp. X,400, con 24 figg. nel t.; 1 carta geografica del Sud America, pi volte ripieg. e 4 tavole (pure pi volte ripieg.) di cui 1 a colori e 3 in b.n. che raffigurano 77 specie di conchiglie, fuori testo - parte II "Kleinere Geologische Abhandlungen", 1878, pp. VI,104, con 1 carta geografica del Sud America a doppia pag. fuori testo e 14 figg. <br>Esemplare molto ben conservato. ‎

‎Inherited Instinct.‎

‎London, 1873. Small folio. Extracted, with traces from the sewn cords, in the original printed wrappers. In ""Nature"", No. 172, Vol. 7, February 13. Entire issue offered. Issue split in two, otherwise fine and clean. Housed in a portfolio with white paper title-label to front board. Darwin's notice: P. 281 [Entire issue: Pp. (1), lx, 277-296]. ‎

‎First appearance of Darwin's comment on Dr. Huggins' letter containing an account of three generations of dogs which exhibited fright when in the vicinity of a butcher or butcher's shop, an observation which Darwin considered of the utmost importance: ""The following letter seems to me so valuable, and the accuracy of the statements vouched for by so high an authority, that I have obtained permission from Dr. Huggins to send it for publication"" (From the present publication). Freeman 1757‎

‎Jinsoron (i.e. Japanese ""On the Ancestor(s) of Man"", Translated by Kozu Senzaburo, original title: ""Descent of Man""). 3 vols. - [FIRST TRANSLATION OF DARWIN INTO JAPANESE]‎

‎Tokyo, Ichibe Yamanaka., Meiji 14. (1881). 8vo. 3 volumes, all in the contemporary (original?) yellow wrappers (Traditional Fukuro Toji binding/wrappers). Extremities with wear and with light soiling, promarily affecting vol. 1. Title in brush and ink to text-block foot. A few ex-ownership stamps. Folding plate with repair. A fine set. 46 ff" 70 ff. + 9 plates of which 1 is folded" 72 ff. ""Vol. I contains prefaces to 1st and 2d editions of Descent of man Nos 936 & 944"" vol. II contains chapter 1 and vol. III chapter 2. All published, intended to form 9 vols containing chapters 1-7 and 21."" (Darwin-Online).‎

‎The exceedingly rare first translation of Darwin's Descent of Man and the first (partial) translation of Origin of Species, constituting the very first translation of any of Darwin's work into Japanese and, arguably, being the most influential - albeit in a different way than could be expected - of all Darwin-translations. ""The first translation of a book by Darwin was published in 1881: a translation of The Descent of Man, titled as Jinsoron (On the Ancestor(s) of Man"" Darwin 1881). The translator was a scholar of education, Kozu Senzaburo (...). In spite of its title, the book was actually a hybrid, which included a mixture of chapters of the Descent (namely, chapters 1-7 and 21) together with other texts: the Historical Sketch that Darwin appended to the third edition of the Origin (1861), and some sections taken from Thomas Huxley's Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature (Kaneko 2000). So this book can also be described as the first publication including a partial translation of a text from the Origin"" (Taizo, Translating ""natural selection"" in Japanese: from ""shizen tota"" to ""shizen sentaku"", and back?)Darwin's theories had a profound influence on Japan and Japanese culture but in a slightly different way than in the West: Darwinism was marked as social and political principles primarily embraced by social thinkers, philosophers and politicians to advocate the superiority of Japanese culture and society (and military) and not by biologist and zoologist. ""It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations."" (Golley, Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology).The popularity of Darwin's works and theories became immensly popular in Japan: ""Curiously, there are more versions of ""The Origin"" in Japanese than in any other language. The earliest were literary, with subsequent translations becoming more scientific as the Japanese developed a technical language for biology."" (Glick, The Comparatice Reception of Darwinism, P. XXII)Darwin's work had in Japan - as in the rest of the world - profound influence on the academic disciplines of zoology and biology, however, in Japan the most immediate influence was not on these subjects but on social thinkers: ""[...] it exerted great influence on Japanese social thinkers and social activists. After learning of Darwin's theory, Hiroyuki Kato, the first president of Tokyo Imperial University, published his New Theory of Human Rights and advocated social evolution theory (social Darwinism), emphasizing the inevitable struggle for existence in human society. He criticized the burgeoning Freedom and People's right movement. Conversely Siusui Kautoku, a socialist and Japanese translator of the Communist Manifesto, wrote articles on Darwinism, such as ""Darwin and Marx"" (1904). In this and other articles, he criticized kato's theory on Social Darwinism, insisting that Darwinism does not contradict socialism. The well known anarchist, Sakae Osugi published the third translation of On the Origin of Species in 1914, and later his translation of peter Kropotokin's Mutial Aid: A Factor of Evolution. Osugi spread the idea of mutual aid as the philosophical base of Anarcho-syndicalism."" (Tsuyoshi, The Japanese Lysenkoism and its Historical Backgrounds, p. 9) ""Charles Darwin's theory of evolution was introduced to Japan in 1877 (Morse 1936/1877) during Japan's push to gain military modernity through study of western sciences and technologies and the culture from which they had arisen. In the ensuing decades the theory of evolution was applied as a kind of social scientific tool, i.e. social Spencerism (or social Darwinism) (Sakura 1998:341"" Unoura 1999). Sakura (1998) suggests that the theory of evolution did not have much biological application in Japan. Instead, Japanese applied the idea of 'the survival of the fittest' (which was a misreading of Darwin's natural selection theory) to society and to individuals in the struggle for existence in Japan's new international circumstances (see also Gluck 1985: 13, 265).However, at least by the second decade of the 1900s, and by the time that Imanishi Kinji entered the Kyoto Imperial University, the curricula in the natural and earth sciences were largely based on German language sources and later on English language texts. These exposed students to something very different from a social Darwinist approach in these sciences. New sources that allow us to follow"" (ASQUITH, Sources for Imanishi Kinji's views of sociality and evolutionary outcomes, p. 1).""After 1895, the year of China's defeat in the Sino-Japanese War, Spencer's slogan ""the survival of the fittest"" entered Chinese and Japanese writings as ""the superior win, the inferior lose."" Concerned with evolutionary theory in terms of the survival of China, rather than the origin of species, Chinese intellectuals saw the issue as a complex problem involving the evolution of institutions, ideas, and attitudes. Indeed, they concluded that the secret source of Western power and the rise of Japan was their mutual belief in modern science and the theory of evolutionary progress. According to Japanese scholars, traditional Japanese culture was not congenial to Weastern science because the Japanese view of the relationship between the human world and the divine world was totally different from that of Western philosophers. Japanese philosophers envisioned a harmonious relationship between heaven and earth, rather than conflict. Traditionally, nature was something to be seen through the eyes of a poet, rather than as the passive object of scientific investigations. The traditional Japanese vision of harmony in nature might have been uncongenial to a theory based on natural selection, but Darwinism was eagerly adopted by Japanese thinkers, who saw it as a scientific retionalization for Japan's intense efforts to become a modernized military and industial power. Whereas European and American scientists and theologians became embroiled in disputes about the evolutionary relationship between humans and other animals, Japanese debates about the meaning of Darwinism primarily dealt with the national and international implications of natural selection and the struggle for survival. Late nineteenth-century Japanese commentators were likely to refer to Darwinism as an ""eternal and unchangeable natural law"" that justified militaristic nationalism directed by supposedly superior elites"". (Magner, A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded, p. 349)""Between 1877 and 1888, only four works on the subject of biological evolution were published in Japan. During these same eleven years, by contrast, at least twenty Japanese translations of Herbert Spencer's loosely ""Darwinian"" social theories made their appearance. The social sciences dominated the subject, and when Darwin's original The Origin of Species (Seibutsu shigen) finally appeared in translation in 1896, it was published by a press specializing in economics. It is not surprising then that by the early 20th century, when Darwin's work began to make an impact as a biological rather than a ""social"" theory, the terms ""evolution"" (shinka), ""the struggle for existence"" (seizon kyôsô), and ""survival of the fittest"" (tekisha seizon) had been indelibly marked as social and political principles. It was as if Darwin's famous oceanic journey and the meticulous research into the animal and plant kingdoms that he spent his life undertaking had all been staged as an elaborate excuse for composing a theory whose true object was Victorian society and the fate of the world's modern nations."" (Golley, Darwinism in Japan: The Birth of Ecology).Freeman 1099c‎

‎La descendance de l'homme - 2eme édition - tome 2 seul‎

‎Reinwald Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1872 Book condition, Etat : Mauvais relié, reliure éditeur In-8 1 vol. - 494 pages‎

‎52 gravures sur bois 1ere édition très défraîchi (couverture - tranche), exemplaire de lecture seul‎

‎La Descendance de l'Homme et la sélection sexuelle.- Traduit par Ed Barbier sur la seconde édition anglaise revue et augmentée par l'auteur.‎

‎Paris, Librairie C. Reinwald. Schleicher frères éditeurs, sans date. fort volume in-8, 660 pages + 38 planches, broché.‎

‎Papier jauni, couverture et dos défraichis sinon bon exemplaire, non coupé. [FL-20] ‎

‎La descendance de l'homme et la sélection sexuelle. Traduit par Edmond Barbier d'après la seconde édition anglaise revu et augmentée par lauteur. Préface par Carl Vogt. Edition définitive ornée de 38 planches hors-texte.‎

‎ P., Schleicher, sans date, fort in 8° broché, XV-660 pages ; couverture abimée avec petits manques ; déchirures sans manque aux premières pages ; quelques rousseurs. ‎

‎PHOTOS sur DEMANDE. ...................... Photos sur demande ..........................‎

‎Liv og Breve med et Kapitel Selvbiografi udgivne af hans Søn Francis Darwin. 3 vols. - [FIRST SCANDINAVIAN TRANSLATION]‎

‎Fagerstrand pr. Høvig, Bibliothek for de tusen hjem, (1889). 8vo. 3 vols in later printed full cloth. Bindings with light soiling and miscolouring to spines. All three volumes with ex-libris (Olga Siegfried Wagner). A fine set. (Frontispiece), 445, (1) pp. (Frontispiece), 456 pp." (Frontispiece), 488 pp.‎

‎The rare first Norwegian translation of Darwin's ""The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter"" - being the first translation of any of Darwin's works into Norwegian (""Origin"" was translated into Norwegian in 1890).A complete Danish translation of the work has never been published and the first Swedish translation did not appear until 1959. Due to the similarities between Danish, Swedish and Norwegian, this edition in effect introduced Darwin's letters and autobiography to Scandinavia.Martin Simon Søraas is listed as translator on all three title-pages whereas Freeman lists Peder Jacobsen Ulleland as having translated vol. 1. and Martin Simon Søraas as having translated vol. 2 and 3. Ulleland is listed in Freeman as having translated vol. 1 because he initiated a translation but only finished volume 1. Sørensen (the publisher) quickly discovered that Ulleland did not have the required skills as a translator and Sørensen fired him. Eventually Søraas was hired and he translated all three volumes. Freeman 1528‎

‎Liv og Breve med et Kapitel Selvbiografi udgivne af hans Søn Francis Darwin. 3 vols. - [FIRST SCANDINAVIAN TRANSLATION]‎

‎Fagerstrand pr. Høvig, Bibliothek for de tusen hjem, (1889). 8vo. 3 vols in contemporary black half calf. Previous owner's name (Danish zoologist S. L. Tuxen) to top of Front free end-papers. A fine and clean set. (three Frontispieces), 445, (1) pp. 456 pp." 488 pp.‎

‎The rare first Norwegian translation of Darwin's ""The life and letters of Charles Darwin, including an autobiographical chapter"" - being the first translation of any of Darwin's works into Norwegian (""Origin"" was translated into Norwegian in 1890).A complete Danish translation of the work has never been published and the first Swedish translation did not appear until 1959. Due to the similarities between Danish, Swedish and Norwegian, this edition in effect introduced Darwin's letters and autobiography to Scandinavia.Martin Simon Søraas is listed as translator on all three title-pages whereas Freeman lists Peder Jacobsen Ulleland as having translated vol. 1. and Martin Simon Søraas as having translated vol. 2 and 3. Ulleland is listed in Freeman as having translated vol. 1 because he initiated a translation but only finished volume 1. Sørensen (the publisher) quickly discovered that Ulleland did not have the required skills as a translator and Sørensen fired him. Eventually Søraas was hired and translated all three volumes. From the library of the renowned Danish zoologist and entomologist S. L. Tuxen (1908-1983).Freeman 1528‎

‎L"Origine des especes (complet en 2 volumes). Traduction d'Edmond Barbier - Préface de Colette Guillaumin.‎

‎Paris, Francois Maspero ("Petite collection Masper 2 volumes in-16 (poche), 610 pages, gloss., index,‎

‎Tres bel ensemble, tres frais. [FM-1][PM-at15 ?] ‎

‎L'Origine des especes - Tome 1 seul. Traduction d'Edmond Barbier - Préface de Colette Guillaumin.‎

‎Paris, Francois Maspero ("Petite collection Maspero n° 234"), 1980. in-16 (poche) broche, couv. illustree.‎

‎Bon état. [FM-1] ‎