‎Fondements de la critique de l'économie politique en 2 volumes (Grundrisse der kritik der politischen Ökonomie)‎

‎ Editions Anthropos (1967-1968) - 2 fort volumes in-8 brochés de 520 et 764 pages - Couverture illustrée d'un portrait de Marx - Traduit par Roger Dangeville - Exemplaires en très bon état‎

‎Tome 1 : (ébauche de 1857-1858) - Introduction - Chapitre de l'argent - Chapitre du capital - Tome 2 : (ébauche de 1857-1858) - Chapitre du capital (suite) - Plus-value et profit - Travaux annexes (1850-1859) - Index bibliographique - Index des noms cités ‎

‎Glosas criticas marginales al articulo : El rey de Prusia y la reforma social por un prusiano.‎

‎Rosello Impressions. 1977. In-8. Broché. Etat d'usage, Couv. légèrement passée, Agrafes rouillées, Intérieur acceptable. 31 pages agrafées - rousseurs sur les plats - fascicule en espagnol.. . . . Classification Dewey : 460-Langues espagnole et portugaise‎

‎Fascicule en espagnol. Classification Dewey : 460-Langues espagnole et portugaise‎

‎Grazhdanskaya voyna vo Frantsii. In Russian /The French Civil War ‎

‎Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. The French Civil War. Moscow: State Politizdat, 1958. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU6337730‎

‎GRUNDRISSE 1 chapitre de l'argent‎

‎format d'un livre de poche. Couverture souple.317 pages. Un tampon sur la page de garde 1972 10*18‎

‎Grundrisse. 3. Chapitre du Capital‎

‎Paris, Editions Anthropos 1968 1 in -8 Broché 439[p.p] ‎

‎ Bien conservé Disponibilité sous réserve de vente en boutique, prix valable frais de port inclus pour commande > 90 € et poids < 1 Kg‎

‎Grundrisse, Tomes 2 et 3 : Chapitre du Capital - Un chapitre inédit du Capital (3 volumes)‎

‎Union générale d'éditions 10-18 Dos carré collé "Trois volumes in-12 (11 x 18 cm), dos carré collé, lot de 3 volumes des oeuvres de Karl Marx dans la collection 10-18 : ""Grundrisse, Tome 2 et 3 : Chapitre du Capital"" (1972-1973, 315 et 439 pages) et ""Un chapitre inédit du Capital"" (1971, 318 pages) ; volumes uniformément brunis, par ailleurs assez bon état. Livraison a domicile (La Poste) ou en Mondial Relay sur simple demande."‎

‎Gurevich S. The New Rhine Newspaper by K. Marx and F. Engels In Russian /Gurevi‎

‎Gurevich S. The New Rhine Newspaper by K. Marx and F. Engels In Russian /Gurevich S. Novaya reynskaya gazeta K. Marksa i F. Engelsa M Politizdat 1958. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb8da861a4dc989bc5.‎

‎Haq-qâpîtâl: bîqqôret hak-kalkala ham-medînît, [ha-Kapital: bikoret ha-kalkalah ha-medinit], [hakapital], [i.e. Hebrew ""Das Kapital""]. 2 vols. - [FIRST HEBREW TRANSLATION OF 'DAS KAPITAL']‎

‎Yerûsalayim [Jerusalem], Sifriyyat Pôalîm, 1947 & 1954. Large8vo. Two volumes both in publisher's original printed cloth with the original dust-jackets. 763 pp."" 516 pp.Vol. 1: A bit of misolocured to spine and front board. Front dust-jacket detached from the spine and back-part. Spine lacking a third of the paper. Very fragile.Vol. 2: Upper and lower part of spine miscoloured. Dust-jacket missing upper and lower part of spine. Both volumes internally very fine and clean.‎

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‎The very rare first complete Hebrew translation of Marx's Das Kapital. In the 1890ies numerous attempts at a Hebrew translation were made but not until Zevi Wislavsky's 1947-translation the Hebrew speaking world were able to read the full volume 1 of 'Das Kapital'.Marx, himself being of Jewish descent, was a proponent of antisemic idea and he argued that the modern commercialized world is the triumph of Judaism, a pseudo-religion whose god is money. Even in Das Kapital, he lets his anti-Semitism flourish: ""The capitalist knows that all merchandise, no matter how ruinous it may seem or how bad it might smell, is by faith and in truth money, internally circumcised Jews"". ""He denigrated the Polish Jewish refugees in Germany as ""the filthiest of all races"" and in the Neue Rheinische Zeitung, edited by himself, he accused the Jews of Poland of setting churches ablaze, burning villages and beating down defenseless Poles, when these were in fact the very things Polish Jews suffered at the hands of Christians."" (Schvindlerman, Karl Marx, the Jews and capitalism)OCLC only locates two copies.‎

‎Herr Vogt. - [MARX' STRUGGLE AGAINST DEFAMATION ]‎

‎London, 1860. 8vo. Bound partly uncut with the original wrappers in a nice recent half calf pastiche binding with four rasied bands and gilt lettering to spine. Front wrapper with marginal repairs and back wrappers with repairs with minor loss of text. Light brownspotting to first and last leaves. A fine copy. VI, (2), (1)-191, (1, -errata) pp.‎

‎The rare first edition of Marx' landmark defense against defamation, a seminal work in his struggle for a new human society. Written in the midst of his writing of ""The Capital"", ""Herr Vogt"" constitutes the work that took precedence over this most important critique of political economy and the work that gives us one of the most profound insights into the mind of the great Marx. ""Herr Vogt"" is furthermore the work that we have to thank for the influence that ""The Capital"" and Marxist socialism did come to have upon our society. ""In 1857, Karl Marx resumed work on his critique of political economy, a process that culminated in the publication of ""Capital"" a decade later. He wrote a rough draft (the ""Grundrisse"") in 1857 and 1858, parts of which he then reworked into the ""Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy"", which was published in June 1859. Then, in 1861 through 1863, he wrote a revised draft of the whole of ""Capital"", which was followed by a more polished draft written during 1864 and 1865. Finally, he revised the first volume yet again, during 1866 and 1867. It appeared in September, 1867.The careful reader will have noticed a rather lengthy gap in this chronology. From the second half of 1859 through 1860, Marx was not working on his critique of political economy. What was he doing instead? What was so important, so much more of an urgent priority than his theoretical work?The answer is that Marx was fighting back against Carl Vogt's defamatory attack. He fought back in order to defend his reputation and that of his ""party."" ... "" Herr Vogt"", the book Marx wrote in order to set the record straight."" (Klimann, Marx' Struggle Against Defamation).Vogt was a prominent radical German politician and materialist philosopher who had immigrated to Switzerland, where he served in parliament and was also a professor of geology. His position on the 1859 war over Italian unification had a pro-French tilt, which resulted in the publication of a newspaper article and an anonymous pamphlet that alleged (correctly) that Vogt was being paid by the French government. Vogt believed Marx to be the source of the allegation and the author of the pamphlet.Vogt fought back by attacking Marx. He published a short book that described Marx as the leader of a band of blackmailers who demanded payment in return for keeping quiet about their victims' revolutionary histories. The book also contained a number of false and harmful allegations against Marx, and Vogt did everything in his power to destroy Marx' reputation. Not only did he attack Marx personally, he also falsified facts and made up untrue allegations to libel the Communist League, portraying its members as conspirators in secret contact with the police and accusing Marx of personal motives.There is no doubt that this work of slander put both Marx' own future as well as that of the Communist League at stake. ""Ferdinand Lassalle warned Marx that Vogt's book ""will do great harm to yourself and to the whole party, for it relies in a deceptive way upon half-truths,"" and said that ""something must be done"" in response (quoted in Rubel 1980, p. 53). Frederick Engels also urged Marx to respond quickly, and he provided a good deal of assistance when Marx wrote ""Herr Vogt""....Carl Vogt and the circumstances that gave rise to his defamatory attack against Marx and his ""party"" are dead and gone. But ""Herr Vogt"" and Marx's battle against defamation remain living exemplars of how one responds in a genuinely Marx-ian way-i.e., the way of Marx. Do not separate theory from practice, or philosophy from organization. Do not retreat to the ivory tower or suffer attacks in silence"" set the record straight. Use the bourgeois courts if necessary. Enlist the assistance of others."" (Klimann).""Marx's Herr Vogt, almost entirely unknown in the English-speaking world. It is nevertheless one of the most brilliant of his writings. Engels considered it better than the Eighteenth Brumaire"" Lassalle spoke of it as ""a masterpiece in every respect"""" Ryazanov thought that ""in all literature there is no equal to this book"""" Mehring rightly wrote of its ""being highly instructive even today""."" (Karl Marx on Herr Vogt - from The New International, Vol. X No. 8, August 1944, pp. 257-260. Transcribed & marked up by Einde O'Callaghan for ETOL).‎

‎Histoire des doctrines conomiques. Tome I : Depuis les origines de la thorie de la plus-value jusqu'á Adam Smith. Traduit par J. Molitor. Editions Alfred Costes. Oeuvres compl¿tes de Karl Marx. 1950. (Communisme Marxisme Socialisme Economie)‎

‎Editions Alfred Costes. Broch D'occasion tat correct 01/01/1950 150 pages ‎

‎Istoricheskiy materializm. In Russian /Historical Materialism ‎

‎"Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Historical Materialism. Moscow; Leningrad: State Publishing House, 1929. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU9215642"‎

‎Istoricheskiy materializm. In Russian /Historical Materialism ‎

‎"Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Historical materialism. Moscow; Leningrad: State Publishing House, 1931. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU9306733"‎

‎Izbrannye proizvedeniya. In Russian /Selected Works ‎

‎Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Selected Works. Moscow: Politizdat, 1970. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU6796736‎

‎Izbrannye proizvedeniya. In Russian /Selected Works ‎

‎Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Selected Works. Moscow: Part Publishing House, 1933. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU8986847‎

‎Kapitaal en Arbeid. Bewerkt door F. Domela Nieuwenhuis. - [THE RARE FIRST DUTCH TRANSLATION]‎

‎The Hague, Liebers & Co, (1881). 8vo. Uncut in the original printed wrappers. Spine missing some of the paper and upper part of front wrapper and lower part of back wrappers detached. Wrappers brownspotted and previous owner's name in pencil to upper margin of front wrapper. Pp. 37-40 missing some of the paper in upper margin - far from affecting text, otherwise internally fine and clean. VII, 82 pp.‎

‎The rare first Dutch translation of Marx’s “Lohnarbeit und Kapital” (i.e. ""Wage Labour and Capital"") here in the exceedingly rare printed wrappers, presumably being the only known copy in wrappers. This seminal work by Karl Marx, which, due to its aim to be a popular exposition of his central theories of capitalism and the economic relationships between workers and capitalists, became one of the most generally influential and widely read of Marx' works. It is widely considered the precursor to Das Kapital. ""Wage Labour and Capital"" was originally written as a series of newspaper articles in 1847 and was first published, however only fragmentarily, in the form of five articles in April 1849 in the ""Neue Rheinische Zeitung"". Because of the political conditions, the printing of the series had to be ended, and thus only these five articles appeared, as there was no sign of the rest of it between the papers of Marx that were found after his death. The work did not appear again until 1881. In 1891, Engels published a re-worked version of the article, which took into account Marx' later developments in his economic theory (for instance Engels inserted the distinction between ""labour"" and ""labour-power"", which Marx did not make in the original version), and during the 1890'ies the work appeared in numerous languages and in an enormous amount of editions. Marx' seminal theories that are made easily accessible in this important publication include his Labour Theory of Value, his Theory of Concentration of Capital, his Theory of Alienation etc., which were all later developed in the ""Capital"", three fundamental theories that have influenced all later economical-political thought. Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis (1846-1919), a Dutch socialist. ""Originally a Lutheran pastor (1870-1879), he left the church, founded the socialist weekly Recht voor Allen (1879). He played a leading part in developing the Social-Democratic movement in the Netherlands" was elected to parliament for a term (1881-1891)" disappointed in legislating social reform, he turned to anarchism (1890s). He authored a number of propaganda brochures."" (Draper: The Marx-Engels Glossary, p. 154.)‎

‎Kapitalen. 2 Dele. Første Bind. Kapitalens Produktionsproces. Oversat efter Originalens tredje Oplag. 2. Kapitalens Cirkulationsproces.Udgivet efter Forfatterens Død af Friedrich Engels. [i.e. Danish ""Das Kapital""]. - [FIRST DANISH TRANSLATION OF ""THE CAPITAL""]‎

‎København, (Copenhagen), 1885-87. 4to. In contemporary half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Even browning as usual, due to the paper quality. An envelope pasted on to front free end-paper containing Danish articles on Marx. Previous owner's name to title-pages. A fine and clean copy with both half-titles present (""Socialistisk Bibliotek"" Vol. IV-V). Vol 1: (2), 473, (1)" Vol 2: VII-1" (4), 363, (1) pp.‎

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‎First edition of the first Danish translation of ""Das Kapital"". The translation is remarkable in several respects - the Danish Social-democratic party was one of the first labour organizations in the world to publish the two volumes of ""The Capital"", the translation of the first volume preceded both the English and the Italian, and the translation of the second volume is the second in the world to appear, only preceded by the Russian from 1885 - furthermore, these two translations were the only two to appear of volume two until after Engels' death in 1895. After having been in a serious crisis at the end of the 1870'ies, the labour movement in Denmark turned things around in the 1880'ies, primarily with the aid of Marx. Marx' theories and his connection between theoretical and practical politics became the foundation for the Social Democrats. In 1884, the Danish Social Democratic Party got its two first members of parliament elected, and many workers wished to become politically active. Also in Denmark, the class struggle had properly begun.As Marx was the foundation for the beginning success of the Social Democrats, the Party decided that it would translate and publish all the most important works by Marx - of course most importantly ""The Capital"". This translation was to become ""a new and powerful weapon for the Danish Labour Party in the agitation for the socialist principles"". The translation of ""The Capital"" was made by the linguist and journalist Hans Vilhelm Lund (1840-1893), who worked at the paper Social-Demokraten in the 1880'ies and 90'ies. The translation is famed for being extremely true to the original and virtually flawless. In order to reach as wide a relevant audience as possible, the price was kept as low as it could be. It still constituted a full day's wages for a skilled worker, namely 2 kroner - still about 1/7 of the German edition. In spite of all the efforts to distribute the translation, it did not become a bestseller, and in 1911, the remainders were issued with a new title-page in 1911. (PMM 359 - first edition).‎

‎Kapitalen (i.e. Norwegian: ""Das Kapital""). - [FIRST NORWEGIAN TRANSLATION OF MARX'S 'DAS KAPITAL']‎

‎Oslo, Fram Forlag, 1930 - 1931. 5 parts (all). 8vo. 5 part in publisher's original 3 full cloth bindings with title and author in black lettering to front boards and spines. Spines lightly miscoloured, otherwise fine and clean. 166 pp."144 pp. 237 pp.‎

‎The uncommon first Norwegian translation of Marx’s ‘Das Kapital’ – only volume 1 was ever translated. The translation was commissioned by ‘Mot Dag’, a Norwegian political group active from the 1920s to the early 1930s and was first affiliated with the Labour Party. After World War II, many of its former members were leaders in Norwegian politics and cultural activities. “Although always small in numbers and often regarded with suspicion by Labour and trade union leaders, the Mot Dag organization was nevertheless an important factor in providing the Norwegian workers’ movement with a cultural policy and attracting artists, writers and intellectuals to the socialist cause. Well-known and respected authors and artists figured prominently in the organisation’s ranks as members and as contributors to the journal of the same name. Mot Dag was also instrumental in establishing cultural and educational enterprises for Norwegian workers within the workers’ movement, most famously the Arbeidernes leksikon (The Workers’ Encyclopaedia), a gigantic and unique collective effort by specialists and writers who worked without remuneration. It set up a successful publishing house where Falk published his Norwegian translation of the first volume of Marx’s Das Kapital (Capital), an undertaking that actually turned out to be profitable. In many ways Mot Dag had a position in Norway comparable to that of The Partisan Review in the United States, as an organisation that, as Hugh Wilford puts it, had a “dual commitment to anti-Stalinist Marxism and cultural Modernism”” (Sørenssen, Olav Dalgard – Politics, Film, Theatre and the Avant-Garde in Norway in the Interwar Years)‎

‎Kapitalet. Kritik av den politiska ekonomin. I svensk oversättning av Rickard Sandler. 3 vols. - [FIRST SWEDISH EDITION OF MARX' ""CAPITAL""]‎

‎Stockholm, Tidens Förlag, 1930-31. 8vo. Three volumes, all in the original publisher's uniform half calf bindings with gilt lettering to spines. Extremities, especially capitals, with a bit of wear. Internally very fine and clean. XXII, (2), 740" XXIII, (1), 479, (1)" XXV,(1), 836, (2) pp.‎

‎Scarce first edition of the first Swedish translation of ""Das Kapital"", which had an immense impact upon Swedish thought and politics. The translation is made by the Swedish politician and previous social democratic prime minister and later foreign minister Rickard Johannes Sandler (1884 - 1964). He was a leading intellectual of the contemporary social democracy.A second, severely criticized translation of the work into Swedish appeared 1969-73.‎

‎Kapital. In Russian /Capital ‎

‎"Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Capital. Moscow; Leningrad: Ogiz - State Economic and Social Publishing House, 1931. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU9306739"‎

‎Kapital. In Russian /Capital ‎

‎Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Capital. Moscow: Publishing House of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b), 1934. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU8986851‎

‎Kapital. In Russian /Capital ‎

‎Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Capital. Moscow: State Publishing House of Political Litas, 1952. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU5836321‎

‎Kapital. In Russian /Capital ‎

‎"Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Capital. Moscow; Leningrad: State Social and Economic Publishing House, 1932 (Leningrad: Bukharin type). The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU9306738"‎

‎Kapital: k'aghak'atntesut'yan k'nnadatut'yun [Armenian i.e. ""Das Kapital""]. 4. vols. - [FIRST ARMENIAN TRANSLATION OF 'DAS KAPITAL']‎

‎Erevan, Kusakts'akan Hratarakch'ut'yun, 1933 - 1949. Royal8vo. 4 volumes, all in the original red (in four different nuances) full cloth with embossed title to front boards and spine. Light soiling to extremities on all four volumes expecially volume 1 with heavy soiling. Hindges a bit weak. All volumes internally fine and clean. XL,745, (3) pp." XXVII, 492, (4) pp. XXVI, 452 pp." (4), 452 pp.‎

‎The rare first Armenian translation of Karl Marx's Das Kapital. ""Fifty years after the death of Karl Marx, the Communist Party of Armenia published in 1933 the first Armenian translation of book one of 'Das Kapital'. After a long fight against the Ottoman Empire, Armenia had become part of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic in 1922. The famous Armenian historian and linguist Tadeos Ayrapetovich Avdalbegyan (1885-1937) made the translation according to the tenth and last German edition (1922) by the Meissner publishing house. Book two followed in 1936, but book three was only published after World War II, in 1947 and 1949. The changing name of the editor reflects the history of soviet Armenia over the years."" (Karl Marx Memorial Library Luxembourg - http://karlmarx.lu)‎

‎Kapital Karla Marksa. In Russian /Karl Marx's Capital ‎

‎"Short description: In Russian. Marx, Karl. Karl Marx's Capital. Rostov; Krasnodar: Burevestnik, 1924. The image is provided for reference only. It may reflect condition of one of the available copies or only help in identifying the edition. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKU9116810"‎

‎Kapital. Kritika politicheskoj ekonomii. Perevod c nmetskago. Tom pervoej. Kniga I. Protschess proizvodstva Kapitala. (Russian, = The Capital. Critique of the Political Economy. Translated from German. Volume One. Book I [all].). - [FIRST TRANSLATION INTO ANY LANGUAGE OF ""THE BIBLE OF MARXISM""]‎

‎S.-Peterburg, N.I. Poliakov, 1872. Large 8vo. In a nice recent half calf binding with gilt lettering to spine and five raised bands. First few leaves with light soling and a closed tear and a few marginal repairs to title-page. pp. 11-18 with repairs to upper outer corner. Closed tears to last leaf, otherwise a fine copy. XIII, (3), 678 pp. (wanting the half-title).‎

‎First Russian edition (first issue, with the issue-pointers), being the first translation into any language, of Marx' immensely influential main work, probably the greatest revolutionary work of the nineteenth century.Marx' groundbreaking ""Das Kapital"" originally appeared in German in 1867, and only the first part of the work appeared in Marx' lifetime. The very first foreign translation of the work was that into Russian, which, considering Russian censorship at the time, would seem a very unlikely event. But as it happened, ""Das Kapital"" actually came to enjoy greater renown in Russia than in any other country"" for many varying reasons, it won a warm reception in many political quarters in Russia, and it enjoyed a totally unexpected rapid and widespread success. The first Russian translation of ""Das Kapital"" came to have a profound influence the economic development of of Russia. It was frequently quoted in the most important economic and political discussions on how to industrialize Russia and the essential points of the work were seen by many as the essential questions for an industrializing Russia. "" ""Das Kapital"" arrived in Russia just at the moment that the Russian economy was recovering from the slump that followed Emancipation and was beginning to assume capitalist characteristics. Industrialization raised in the minds of the intelligentsia the question of their country's economic destiny. And it was precisely this concern that drew Mikhailovsky and many of the ""intelligenty"" to ""Das Kapital""."" (Resis, p. 232).The story of how the first printing of the first translation of ""Das Kapital"" came about, is quite unexpected. As the ""triumph of Marxism in backward Russia is commonly regarded as a historical anomaly"" (Resis, p. 221), so is the triumph of the first Russian edition of ""Das Kapital"". The main credit for the coming to be of the translation of ""Das Kapital"" must be given to Nicolai Danielson, later a highly important economist in his own right. The idea came from a circle of revolutionary youths in St. Petersburg, including N.F. Danielson, G.A. Lopatin, M.F. Negreskul, and N.N. Liubavin, all four of whom participated in the project. Danielson had read the work shortly after its publication and it had made such an impact on him that he decided to make it available to the Russian reading public. He persuaded N.I. Poliakov to run the risk of publishing it. ""Poliakov, the publisher, specialized in publishing authors, Russian and foreign, considered dangerous by the authorities. Poliakov also frequently subsidized revolutionaries by commissioning them to do translations for his publishing house. Diffusion of advanced ideas rather than profit was no doubt his primary motive in publishing the book."" (Resis, p. 222). Owing to Danielson's initiative, Poliakov engaged first Bakunin, and then Lopatin to do the translation. Danielson himself finished the translation and saw the work through press. It was undeniably his leadership that brought Marx to the Russian reading public. In fact, with the first Russian edition of ""Das Kapital"", Danielson was responsible for the first public success of the revolutionizing work. ""Few scholars today would deny that ""Das Kapital"" has had an enormous effect on history in the past hundred years. Nonetheless, when the book was published in Hamburg on September 5, 1867, it made scarcely a stir, except among German revolutionaries. Marx complained that his work was greeted by ""a conspiracy of silence"" on the part of ""a pack of liberals and vulgar economists."" However desperately he contrived to provoke established economists to take up ""Das Kapital""'s challenge to their work, his efforts came to nought. But in October 1868 Marx received good news from an unexpected source. From Nikolai Frantsevich Danielson, a young economist employed by the St. Petersburg Mutual Credit Society, came a letter informing Marx that N. P. Poliakov, a publisher of that city, desired to publish a Russian translation of the first volume of ""Das Kapital""" moreover, he also wanted to publish the forthcoming second volume. Danielson, the publisher's representative, requested that Marx send him the proofs of volume 2 as they came off the press so that Poliakov could publish both volumes simultaneously. Marx replied immediately. The publication of a Russian edition of volume 1, he wrote, should not be held up, because the completion of volume 2 might be delayed by some six months [in fact, it did not appear in Marx' life-time and was only published ab. 17 years later, in 1885]" and in any case volume 1 represented an independent whole. Danielson proceeded at once to set the project in motion. Nearly four years passed, however, before a Russian translation appeared. Indeed, a year passed before the translation was even begun, and four translators tried their hand at it before Danielson was able to send the manuscript to the printers in late December 1871."" (Resis, pp. 221-22). This explains how the book came to be translated, but how did this main work of revolutionary thought escape the rigid Russian censors? ""By an odd quirk of history the first foreign translation of ""Das Kapital"" to appear was the Russian, which Petersburgers found in their bookshops early in April 1872. Giving his imprimatur, the censor, one Skuratov, had written ""few people in Russia will read it, and still fewer will understand it."" He was wrong: the edition of three thousand sold out quickly"" and in 1880 Marx was writing to his friend F.A. Sorge that ""our success is still greater in Russia, where ""Kapital"" is read and appreciated more than anywhere else."" (PMM 359, p.218). Astonishingly, Within six weeks of the publication date, nine hundred copies of the edition of three thousand had already been sold.""Under the new laws on the press, ""Das Kapital"" could have been proscribed on any number of grounds. The Temporary Rules held, for example, that censorship must not permit publication of works that ""expound the harmful doctrines of socialism or communism"" or works that ""rouse enmity and hatred of one class for another."" The Board of Censors of Foreign Publications was specifically instructed to prohibit importation of works contrary to the tenets of the Orthodox Church or works that led to atheism, materialism, or disrespect for Scriptures. Nor did the recent fate of the works of Marx and Engels at the hands of the censors offer much hope that ""Das Kapital"" would pass censorship. As recently as August 11, the censors of foreign works had decided to ban importation of Engels' ""Die Lage der arbeitenden Klassen in England"", and, according to Lopatin, the censors reprimanded Poliakov for daring to run announcements on book jackets of the forthcoming publication of ""Das Kapital"". By 1872 the censors had prohibited the importation and circulation of all works by Marx and Engels except one - ""Das Kapital"". The book, as we shall see, had already won some recognition in Russia shortly after its publication in Germany. Not until 1871, however, did the censors render a judgment on the book, when the Central Committee of Censors of Foreign Publications, on the recommendation of its reader, permitted importation and circulation of the book both in the original language and in translation. The official reader had described the book as ""a difficult, inaccessible, strictly scientific work,"" implying that it could scarcely pose a danger to the state. [...] The length and complexity of the book prompted the office to divide the task of scrutinizing it between two readers, D. Skuratov, who read the first half of the book, and A. De-Roberti, who read the last half. Skuratov dutifully listed objectionable socialist and antireligious passages, taking special note of Marx's harsh attack on the land reforms General Kiselev had instituted in the Danubian Principalities. But in his report Skuratov dismissed these attacks as harmless, since they were imbedded in a ""colossal mass of abstruse, somewhat obscure politico-economic argumentation."" Indeed, he regarded the work as its own best antidote to sedition. ""It can be confidently stated,"" he wrote, ""that in Russia few will read it and even fewer will understand it."" Second, he said, the book could do little harm. Since the book attacked a system rather than individual persons, Skuratov implied that the book would not incite acts threatening the safety of the royal family and government officials. Third, he believed that the argument of the book did not apply to Russia. Marx attacked the unbridled competition practiced in the British factory system, and such attacks, Skuratov asserted, could find no target in Russia because the tsarist regime did not pursue a policy of laissez faire. Indeed, at that very moment, Skuratov stated, a special commission had drafted a plan that ""as zealously protects the workers' well-being from abuses on the part of the employers as it protects the employers' interests against lack of discipline and nonfulfillment of obligations on the part of the workers."" Repeating most of Skuratov's views, De-Roberti also noted that the book contained a good account of the impact of the factory system and the system of unpaid labor time that prevailed in the West. In spite of the obvious socialist tendency of the book, he concluded, a court case could scarcely be made against it, because the censors of foreign works had already agreed to permit importation and circulation of the German edition. With the last barrier removed, on March 27, 1872, the Russian translation of ""Das Kapital"" went on sale in the Russian Empire. The publisher, translators, and advocates of the book had persevered in the project for nearly four years until they were finally able to bring the book to the Russian reading public."" (Resis, pp. 220-22). The Russian authorities quickly realized, however, that Skuratov's statement could not have been more wrong, and the planned second edition of the Russian translation was forbidden"" thus it came to be published in New York, in 1890. That second edition is nearly identical to the first, which can be distinguished by the misplaced comma opposite ""p. 73"" in the table of contents (replaced by a full stop in the 2nd ed.) and the ""e"" at the end of l. 40 on p. 65 (replaced by a ""c"" in the 2nd ed.). A third edition, translated from the fourth German edition, appeared in 1898. Volumes 2 and 3 of ""Das Kapital"" appeared in Russian translation, also by Danielson, in 1885 and 1896.See: Albert Resis, Das Kapital Comes to Russia, in: Slavic Review, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Jun., 1970), pp. 219-237.‎