‎[WESTERN] - HARDING (Steve C) - ‎
‎Shannon. ‎

‎The Synthesis of Two-Terminal Switching Circuits. - [SHANNON'S EXPANSION]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1949. 8vo. Volume XXVIII, 1949, No. 1 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". In the original printed blue wrappers. Wear and tears to spine. Inner front hinge loosening. Previous owner's name to front wrapper. Internally fine and clean. Pp. 59-98 [Entire issue: 163 pp].‎

‎First publication of Shannon's paper on how a Boolean function can be represented by the sum of two sub-functions of the original. The function was later named Shannon's Expansion or the Shannon Decomposition. ""The area of switching circuits design and optimization was a focus of considerable attention. Boolean algebra provided the basic mathematical foundation for switching circuit design. Shannon provided a basis for the The Synthesis of Two-Terminal Switching Circuits in 1949"". (Ashar, Sequential logic synthesis, 1992, p. 1).Claude Shannon is widely regarded as being the father of information theory and cryptography. Other papers contained in the present issue:1. Albersheim, W.J.Propagation of TE01 Waves in Curved Wave Guides. Pp. 1-32.2. Pierce, J.R." Hebenstreit, W.B. A New Type of High-Frequency Amplifier. Pp. 33-51.3. Hollenberg, A.V.Experimental Observation of Amplification by Interaction Between Two Electron Streams. Pp. 52-58.4. Robertson, Sloan D. A Method of Measuring Phase at Microwave Frequencies. Pp. 99-103.5. Rice, S.O.Reflection from Corners in Rectangular Wave Guides - Conformal Transformation. Pp. 104-135.6. Rice, S.O.A Set of Second-Order Differential Equations Accociated with Reflections in Rectangular Wave Guides - Application to Guide Connected to Horn. Pp. 136-156. ‎

‎Prediction and Entropy of Printed English. (Contained in The Bell System Technical Journal, Volume XXX, No. 1, p.50-64.). - [FIRST MEASUREMENTS OF ""SHANNON ENTROPY"".]‎

‎(New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1951). 8vo. The complete issue in original blue printed wrappers. Pp. 50-64. [Entire volume: pp. 1-212.].‎

‎First edition of Shannon's famous article in which he measures the entropy rate of English text to be between 1.0 and 1.5 bits per letter, or as low as 0.6 to 1.3 bits per letter.""A new method of estimating the entropy and redundancy of a language is described. This method exploits the knowledge of the language statistics possessed by those who speak the language, and depends on experimental results in prediction of the next letter when the preceding text is known. Results of experiments in prediction are given, and some properties of an ideal predictor are developed."" (From the introduction to the present article).""Natural languages are highly redundant"" the number of intelligible fifty-letter English sentences is many fewer than 26*50, and the number of distinguishable ten-second phone conversations is far smaller than the number of sound signals that could be generated with frequencies up to 20.000 Hz. This immediately suggests a theory for signal compression. If you can recode the alphabet so that common sequences of letters and abbreviated, while infrequent combinations are spelled out in lengthy fashion, you can dramatically reduce the channel capacity needed to send the data."" (Sethna, Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters and Complexity, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 100). ‎

‎Prediction and Entropy of Printed English. (Manuscript received Sept. 15, 1950). - [FIRST MEASUREMENTS OF ""SHANNON ENTROPY"".]‎

‎(New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1951). 8vo. Volume XXX, 1951 of The Bell System Technical Journal. Bound without the general title-page in a nice full green cloth. Library stamp to front free end-paper and first page of tables of contents. Very minor bumping to extremities. A tight and clean copy. Pp. 50-64. [Entire volume: 32, 1255 pp).‎

‎First edition of Shannon's famous article in which he measures the entropy rate of English text to be between 1.0 and 1.5 bits per letter, or as low as 0.6 to 1.3 bits per letter.""A new method of estimating the entropy and redundancy of a language is described. This method exploits the knowledge of the language statistics possessed by those who speak the language, and depends on experimental results in prediction of the next letter when the preceding text is known. Results of experiments in prediction are given, and some properties of an ideal predictor are developed."" (From the introduction to the present article).""Natural languages are highly redundant"" the number of intelligible fifty-letter English sentences is many fewer than 26*50, and the number of distinguishable ten-second phone conversations is far smaller than the number of sound signals that could be generated with frequencies up to 20.000 Hz. This immediately suggests a theory for signal compression. If you can recode the alphabet so that common sequences of letters and abbreviated, while infrequent combinations are spelled out in lengthy fashion, you can dramatically reduce the channel capacity needed to send the data."" (Sethna, Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters and Complexity, Oxford University Press, 2006, pp. 100). ‎

‎Armoured cruisers of England. Part I. Cruisers of the type of Shannon Nelson ‎

‎Armoured cruisers of England. Part I. Cruisers of the type of Shannon Nelson Warspate and Orlando In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Bronenosnye kreysera Anglii. Chast I. Kreysera tipov Shennon Nelson Uorspayt i Orlando. S.Pb.Unknown 2020 116 p.. SKUalbac856383a34b43d3.‎

‎Shannon R. Simulation of Systems-Art and Science. In Russian (ask us if in doubt‎

‎Shannon R. Simulation of Systems-Art and Science. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Shennon R. Imitatsionnoe modelirovanie sistem-iskusstvo i nauka.. M. The World of 1978. SKUalb4ead99263606c010.‎