‎Lucrèce‎
‎De La Nature (Monde)‎

‎Système de la nature ou des lois du monde physique et du monde moral.‎

‎Londres, sans nom, 1770. 2 volumes in-8 de [10]-370-[6] et [4]-412 pages, demi-basane brune, dos lisses ornés, pièces de titre et tomaison noires, épidermures, coupes frottées, intérieur taché.2 in-8 volumes of [10]-370-[6] and [4]-412 pages, half brown sheepskin, smooth decorated back, black title and volume number labels, scratches, rubbed cuts, stained interior. ‎

‎ Edition originale de première émission, bien complet des feuillets d'errata. D'Holbach publie son livre sous le nom de Jean-Baptiste Mirabaud, secrétaire perpétuel de l'Académie française, décédé en 1760. D’Holbach place l’homme raisonnable au centre de tout et base sa philosophie sur la nature. Son but est de détacher la morale de tout principe religieux pour la déduire des seuls principes naturels. Dans sa synthèse, Système de la nature, il développe une position matérialiste, fataliste et surtout ouvertement athée, contre toute conception religieuse ou déiste. La publication de son Système de la nature eut un énorme retentissement : le gouvernement le défère au Parlement qui condamne le livre, le 18 août 1770, à être brûlé au pied du grand escalier du palais. Et l'ouvrage fut mis à l'Index dès sa sortie, par un décret du Saint-Office du neuf novembre 1770. Bien que notre exemplaire ne soit pas en parfaite condition il est assez amusant de constater que cette "bible" du matérialisme a figurée dans la bibliothèque d'un couvent de l'ordre des Carmes déchaux, avec la mention manuscrite: Ex. prohibitis. Amen!First edition of first issue, complete with errata sheets. D'Holbach publishes his book under the name of Jean-Baptiste Mirabaud, perpetual secretary of the French Academy, who died in 1760. D’Holbach places the reasonable man at the center of everything and bases his philosophy on nature. Its purpose is to detach morality from any religious principle in order to deduce it from natural principles alone. In his synthesis, Système de la nature, he develops a materialist, fatalistic and above all openly atheist position, against any religious or deist conception. The publication of his Système de la nature had a huge impact: the government deferred it to Parliament which condemns the book, August 18, 1770, to be burned. And the work was put on the Index as soon as it was published, by a decree of the Holy Office of November 9, 1770. Although our copy is not in perfect condition it is quite amusing to note that this "bible" of materialism belonged to the library of a convent of the order of Discalced Carmelites, with the handwritten mention: Ex. prohibitis. Amen!! ‎

‎Le livre des sanctuaires de la nature. Parcs nationaux et réserves des sites de la flore et de la faune sauvage dans le monde‎

‎Payot 1954 in8. 1954. Broché. 264 pages. envoi suivi pour la France et l'étranger Bon Etat‎

‎De la nature de l'univers [relié avec ] De l'âme du monde [relié avec] Lettre d'Aristote à Alexandre sur le système du monde.‎

‎Paris, Saillant, 1767. In-8 de VIII-118; [4]-130; [4]-150-[2] pages, plein veau moucheté brun, dos lisse (épidermé) orné de filets fleurons dorés, pièce de titre verte, tranches marbrée bleue. ‎

‎ Bel ouvrage bilingue grec - français, imprimé sur un beau papier. Chacun des textes est suivi de remarques par l'abbé Batteux, auteur de la traduction française. L'ouvrage est dédié à l'Académie des Inscription et Belles Lettres dont l'auteur était membre. ‎

‎Systeme de la Nature ou Des Loix du Monde Physique & du Monde Moral. 2 vols. - [""MAN IS OF ALL BEINGS THE MOST NECESSARY TO MAN""]‎

‎London, 1774. 8vo. 2 volumes uniformly bound in contemporary half calf with gilt ornamentation to spine. Spines with wear of boards miscoloured. Internally fine and clean. (16) 397 pp."" (4), 500, (3) pp. Wanting the frontispiece.‎

‎Later edition, published four years after the original, comprising ""The System of Nature"" - one of the most important works of natural philosophy ever written and the work that is considered the main work of materialism - and ""The Social System"", being d'Holbach's seminal ""social"" and political continuation of that groundbreaking work. D'Holbach (1723-1789), who was raised by a wealthy uncle, whom he inherited, together with his title of Baron, in 1753, maintained one of the most famous salons in Paris. This salon became the social and intellectual centre for the Encyclopédie, which was edited by Diderot and d'Alembert, whom he became closely connected with. D'Holbach himself also contributed decisively to the Encyclopédie, with at least 400 signed contributions, and probably as many unsigned, between 1752 and 1765. The ""Côterie holbachique"" or ""the café of Europe"", as the salon was known, attracted the most brilliant scientists, philosophers, writers and artists of the time (e.g. Diderot, d'Alembert, Helvetius, Voltaire, Hume, Sterne etc, etc.), and it became one of the most important gathering-places for the exchange of philosophical, scientific and political views under the ""ancient régime"". Apart from developing several foundational theories of seminal scientific and philosophical value, D'Holbach became known as one of the most skilled propagators and popularizers of scientific and philosophical ideas, promoting scientific progress and spreading philosophical ideas in a new and highly effective manner. As the theories of d'Holbach's two systematic works were at least as anticlerical and unaccepted as those of his smaller tracts, and on top of that so well presented and so convincing, it would have been dangerous for him to print any of them under his own name, and even under the name of the city or printer. Thus, ""Systême de la Nature"" appeared pseudonomously under the name of the secretary of the Académie Francaise, J.B. Mirabaud, who had died 10 years earlier, and under a fictive place of printing, namely London instead of Amsterdam. ""He could not publish safely under his own name, but had the ingenious idea of using the names of recently dead French authors. Thus, in 1770, his most famous book, ""The System of Nature"", appeared under the name Jean-Baptiste Mirabaud"" (PMM 215), and so the next ""System"" also appeared in the same manner three years later. D'Holbach was himself the most audacious philosophe of this circle. During the 1760's he caused numerous anticlerical tracts (written in large, but not entirely, by himself) to be clandestinely printed abroad and illegally circulated in France. His philosophical masterpiece, the ""Système de la nature, ou des lois du monde physique et du monde moral"", a methodological and intransigent affirmation of materialism and atheism, appeared anonymously in 1770"" (D.S.B. VI:468), as did the social and political follow-up of it, the famous ""Systême social"" in 1773. That is to say, Mirabeau whom he had used as the author on the ""System of Nature"" in 1770 is not mentioned in the ""Social System"", on the title-page of which is merely stated ""By the Author of ""Systême de la Nature"". In his main work, the monumental ""Système de la Nature"", d'Holbach presented that which was to become one of the most influential philosophical theories of the time, combined with and based on a complex of advanced scientific thought. He postulated materialism, and that on the basis of science and empiricism, on the basis of his elaborate picture of the universe as a self-created and self-creating entity that is constituted by material elements that each possess specific energies. He concludes, on the basis of empiricism and the positive truths that the science of his time had attained, that ideas such as God, immortality, creation etc. must be either contradictory or futile, and as such, his materialism naturally also propounded atheism"" his theory of the universe showed that nature is the product of matter (eternally in motion and arranged in accordance with mechanical laws), and that reality is nothing but nature. Thus, having in his ""Systême de la Nature"" presented philosophical materialism in an actual system for the first time and having created a work that dared unite the essence of all the essential material of the English and French Enlightenment and incorporate it into a closed materialistic system, d'Holbach had provided the modern world with a moral and ethic philosophy, the effects of which were tremendous. It is this materialism and atheism that he continues three years later in his next systematic work ""Systême social"", through which politics, morality, and sociology are also incorporated into his system and take the place of the Christianity that he had so fiercely attacked earlier on. In this great work he extends his ethical views to the state and continues the description of human interest from ""Systême de la Nature"" by developing a notion of the just state (by d'Holbach called ""ethocracy"") that is to secure general welfare. ""Système social (1773"" ""Social System"") placed morality and politics in a utilitarian framework wherein duty became prudent self-interest."" (Encyclopaedia Brittanica). ""Holbach's foundational view is that the most valuable thing a person seeking self-preservation can do is to unite with another person: ""Man is of all beings the most necessary to man"" (Sysème social, 76"" cf. Spinoza's Ethics IVP35C1, C2, and S). Society, when it is just, unites for the common purpose of preservation and the securing of welfare, and society contracts with government for this purpose."" (SEP). Both works had a sensational impact. For the first time, philosophical materialism is presented in an actual system, and with the second of them, this system also comprised politics and sociology, a fact which became essential to the influence and spreading of this atheistic scientific-philosophical strand. The effects of the works were tremendous, and the consequences of their success were immeasurable, thus, already in the years of publication, both works were confiscated. The ""Système de la Nature"" was condemned to burning by the Parisian parliament in the year of its publication"" the ""Système social"" was on the list of books to be confiscated already in 1773, and it was placed on the Index of the Church in August 1775. Both works are thus scarce. In spite of their condemnation, and in spite of the reluctance of contemporary writers to acknowledge the works as dangerous (as Goethe said in ""Dichtung und Wahrheit"": ""Wir begriffen nicht, wie ein solches Buch gefährlich sein könnte. Es kam uns so grau, so todtenhaft vor""), the ""Systems"" and d'Holbach's materialism continued its influence on philosophic, political and scientific thought. In fact, it was this materialism that for Marx became the social basis of communism. ""In the ""Système"" Holbach rejected the Cartesian mind-body dualism and attempted to explain all phenomena, physical and mental, in terms of matter in motion. He derived the moral and intellectual faculties from man's sensibility to impressions made by the external world, and saw human actions as entirely determined by pleasure and pain. He continued his direct attack on religion by attempting to show that it derived entirely from habit and custom. But the Systeme was not a negative or destructive book: Holbach rejected religion because he saw it as a wholly harmful influence, and he tried to supply a more desirable alternative. ""(Printing and the Mind of Man, 215). ""In keeping with such a naturalistic conception of tings, d'Holbach outlined an anticreationalist cosmology and a nondiluvian geology. He proposed a transformistic hypothesis regarding the origins of the animal species, including man, and described the successive changes, or new emergences, of organic beings as a function of ecology, that is, of the geological transformation of the earth itself and of its life-sustaining environment. While all this remained admittedly on the level of vague conjecture, the relative originality and long-term promise of such a hypothesis -which had previously been broached only by maillet, Maupertuis, and Diderot- were of genuine importance to the history of science. Furthermore, inasmuch as the principles of d'Holbach's mechanistic philosophy ruled out any fundamental distinction between living an nonliving aggregates of matter, his biology took basic issue with both the animism and the vitalism current among his contemporaries...This closely knit scheme of theories and hypotheses served not merely to liberate eighteenth-century science from various theological and metaphysical empediments, but it also anticipated several of the major directions in which more than one science was later to evolve. Notwithstanding suchprecursors as Hobbes, La Mttrie, and Diderot, d'Holbach was perhaps the first to argue unequivocally and uncompromisingly that the only philosophical attitude consistent with modern science must be at once naturalistic and antisupernatural."" (D.S.B. VI:469).‎

‎Terre sauvage n° 178 - La nature en lumière par Jean Blanchard, Trois ans d'autonomie au Nunavut par Jérome Tubiana, Gueules du Nouveau monde par Karine Jacquet, Le monde secret de la Loire angevine par Fabrice Nicolino, Les animaux médecins par Ursula‎

‎Bayard Presse. Novembre 2002. In-4. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 122 pages. Nombreuses photographies en couleurs dans et hors texte.. . . . Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES‎

‎Sommaire : La nature en lumière par Jean Blanchard, Trois ans d'autonomie au Nunavut par Jérome Tubiana, Gueules du Nouveau monde par Karine Jacquet, Le monde secret de la Loire angevine par Fabrice Nicolino, Les animaux médecins par Ursula Lenseele, Dans la citadelle des hommes des rochers par Pierre de Vallombreuse Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES‎