‎COLLECTIF‎
‎Survival !‎

‎The Principles of Biology. 3 vols. - [COINING THE TERM ""SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST""]‎

‎London, William and Norgate, 1883,1885. 8vo. 3 uniform volumes partly uncut in the original embossed cloth. Volume 1 being the revised and enlarged third edition, Volume II (in two parts) being the second edition. Miscolouring to extremities, otherwise a fine set. XII, 883, 16 pp." (2), II, (2), 237, (1), 16 pp." Pp. VI, (4), 229-682, X, 16.‎

‎A collected set of the second edition and much enlarged third edition of this magnum opus of biology, in which Spencer coined the term ""survival of the fittest"". ""This survival of the fittest, which I have here sought to express in mechanical terms, is that which Mr Darwin has called ""natural selection, or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life"""". (Spencer, Herbert. The Principles of Biology, Vol. I, p. 444).Together with Charles Darwin and Thomas Huxley, Herbert Spencer (1820 - 1903) was responsible for the acceptance of the theory of evolution. His greatest and most influential work in this connection was his ""The Principles of Biology"", which forms the biological part of his grand project for a Synthetic Philosophy, which he worked on from 1862 to 1893. It is on this work that his fame today mainly rests, not least because it was here that he was the first to use the term ""survival of the fittest"" and due to this work that he greatly helped spread the acceptance of the theory of evolution.""The Principles of Biology attempted to reconcile the new Darwinian theory of natural selection with the Lamarckian mechanism of acquired characteristics which Spencer had endorsed long before publication of the Origin of the Species. In Spencer's view, while the Darwinian theory could explain most of biological evolution, the Lamarckian mechanism was necessary to explain 'higher' evolution, and especially the social behavior of humanity. Both theories however, instantiated the principle of evolution. In this sense, therefore, it is incorrect to characterize Spencer as a follower of Darwin. Although he coined the phrase 'survival of the fittest', and is often misrepresented as a thinker who merely applied the Darwininan theory to society, he did not aim to generalize Darwin, but rather to show that natural selection could be accommodated within an overarching principle of evolution that Spencer had independently developed. Biological organisms could be shown to progress, both as individuals and as species, from simple, undifferentiated, homogeneity to complex, differentiated, heterogeneity"" the Darwinian theory was only of significance in providing a partial explanation for this universally observed tendency"" (Dictionary of Nineteenth-Century British Philosophy vol. 2:1055).""Spencer saw higher forms emerging from a gradual process of adaptation to the environment. The Principles of Biology analyzes the principal mechanisms by which this occurs and relates them to the specialized structures and function of plants and animals."" (D.S.B.: XII, 571).The work was originally issued to subscribers in parts from January 1863 to October 1864 (Vol. I) and January 1865 to March 1867 (Vol. II). ‎

‎Journal of Avian Biology Volume 29 n°3 September 1998. Sommaire : Local survival, natal, dispersal, and recuitment in Little Egrets Egretta garzetta by H.Hafner - Factors affecting juvenile survival in House Sparrow Passer domesticus by E.J.Solberg -etc.‎

‎Journal of Avian Biology. 1998. In-4. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. Paginé de 209 à 334. Nombreux graphiques en noir et blanc dans le texte.Texte en anglais sur 2 colonnes.. . . . Classification Dewey : 598-Ornithologie‎

‎Sommaire : Local survival, natal, dispersal, and recuitment in Little Egrets Egretta garzetta by H.Hafner - Factors affecting juvenile survival in House Sparrow Passer domesticus by E.J.Solberg - Why do Lesser Sheatbills Chionis minor switch territory ? by J.Bried - Avian wingtip shape reconsidered : wingtip shape indices and morphological adaptations to migration by R.Lockwood - The influence of hatching date on different life-history stages of Great Skuas Catharacta skua by N.Ratcliffe - On the evolution of sexually transmitted diseases in birds by M.P.Lombardo - What selective pressures have driven the evolution of defferred northward migration by juvenile waders ? by C.R.Velasquez -etc. Classification Dewey : 598-Ornithologie‎

‎IBIS Volume 144 Number 3 July 2002 . The International Journal of The Britsh Ornithologists Union. Sommaire : The effect of age and year on the survival of breeding adult Great Skuas Catharacta skua in Shetland - etc.‎

‎John Coulson, Andrew G. Gosler. 2002. In-4. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. Paginé de 373 à 566. Nombreuses illustrations et photos en noir et blanc et couleurs dans le texte. Texte sur deux colonnes en anglais. Annotation au crayon sur la couverture.. . . . Classification Dewey : 598-Ornithologie‎

‎Sommaire : The effect of age and year on the survival of breeding adult Great Skuas Catharacta skua in Shetland - Adult survival and productivity of Hutton's Shearwaters - Nesting area fidelity and survival of female CommonGoldeneyes Bucephala clangula : are they density-dependant ? - Occurence and diet of a Barn Owl in the sub-Antarctic - etc. Classification Dewey : 598-Ornithologie‎

‎Strategies for survival - Now ! A global perspective of ethnicity, body and breakdown of artistic systems.‎

‎Lund - Sweden, Swedish Art Critics Association Press, 1995, in-8, broché, 407 pages. Bon état. Good condition. ‎

‎The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. 2 vols. - [THE FIRST OF DARWIN'S WORKS TO USE THE PHRASE ""SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST""]‎

‎London, John Murray, 1868. 8vo. Two volumes, both in the original green cloth with blindstamped boards and gilt lettering to spines. Light wear to extremities, corners bumped and head and foot of spines with repairs, all material preserved. End-papers renewed. First leaves in vol. 2 brownspotted, but otherwise a nice and clean copy. VIII,411, (1), 32 pp (Publishers Catalogue)"" VIII, 486, (2 - Publishers Catalogue) pp. Textillustrations. ‎

‎First edition, second issue with the errata corrected, of the first of Darwin's own works to use the famous phrase “survival of the fittest” – thereby preceding by a year its first appearance in Origin of Species: “""This preservation, during the battle for life, of varieties which possess any advantage in structure, constitution, or instinct, I have called Natural Selection"" and Mr. Herbert Spencer has well expressed the same idea by the Survival of the Fittest. The term 'natural selection' is in some respects a bad one, as it seems to imply conscious choice” (Vol. 1, p. 6 in the present work). It is Darwin's longest and most substantial work and it provides a ""full statement of the facts on which the theories of the 'Origin' were based"" (ODNB). ""This represents the only section of Darwin's big book on the origin of species which was printed in his lifetime and corresponds to its first two intended chapters - A large part of it contains detailed facts about artificial selection and discussion of them, but it also contains, in Chapter XXVII, his provisional hypothesis of pangenesis"" one which he thought was new, but has a long back history. It is the longest work and, being so detailed, was never a very successful one, selling only about five thousand copies in his life time and eight before the end of the century"" (R.B. Freeman). Freeman No 878.‎