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ADAM Paul
La Force
OLLENDORFF Paul. 7ème édition. 1899. In-12. Relié demi-cuir. Etat d'usage, Couv. légèrement passée, Dos satisfaisant, Rousseurs. 611 pages. Pièces de titre rouge. Titre, filets et caissons dorés sur le dos cuir marron. Tranche en tête dorée.. . . . Classification Dewey : 840-Littératures des langues romanes. Littérature française
Reference : RO80017674
Le Temps et la Vie. Classification Dewey : 840-Littératures des langues romanes. Littérature française
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5 book(s) with the same title
FARADAY, MICHAEL. .- THE ORIGIN OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT.
Reference : 42292
(1852)
Experimental Researches in Electricity. - Twenty-eight Series. 36. On the Lines of Magnetic Force their definite character" and their distribution within a Magnet and through Space. (Sections 3070-3176). Recieved October 22, - Read November 27 and ...
(London, Richard Taylor and William Francis, 1852). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1852 - Part I. Pp. 25-56, textillustr. Clean and fine.
First appearance of a historical paper in electromagnetical theory. Faraday in this paper defines his key concept ""lines of force"" and summarizes in what connections he used it and he shows how it explains the pehenomena of magnetism and electricity. His insistance of the importence of the electromagnetic fields of force was the historical starting point of the electrical side of modern theories of field physics. Maxwell later translated these ideas into mathematical form, and developed them into his theory of electromagnetic waves.Especially notable in this paper is: As all space is permeated by lines of force, Faraday suggests that light and radiant heat might be tranverse vibrations propagated along these lines of force. In this way he proposed to ""dismiss the aether"" and to replace it by lines of force between centres, the centres together with their lines of force constituting the particles of material substance. If the existance of a luminiferous aether were to be admitted he suggests that it might be the vehicle of magnetic force ""for it is not at all unlikely that if there be an aether, it should have other uses than simply the conveyance of radiations"" (section 3075 in this paper offered). This sentece may be regarded as THE ORIGIN OF THE ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT (Whittaker in: A History of the theories of the Aether and Electricity, I: pp. 194-95).From 1831 to 1852 Michael Faraday published his ""Experimental Researches in Electricity"" in The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. These papers contain not only an impressive series of experimental discoveries, but also a collection of heterodox theoretical concepts on the nature of these phenomena expressed in terms of lines of forces and fields. He published 30 papers in all under this general title.They represents Faraday's most importent work, are classics in both chemistry and physics and are the experimental foundations for Maxwell's electro-magnetic theory of light, using Faraday's concepts of lines of force or tubes of magnetic and electrical forces. His many experiments on the effects of electricity and magnetism presented in these papers lead to the fundamental discoveries of 'induced electricity' (the Farday current), the electronic state of matter, the identity of electricity from different sources, equivalents in electro-chemical decomposition, electrostatic induction, hydro-electricity, diamagnetism, relation of gravity to electricity, atmospheric magnetism and many other.""Among experimental philosophers Faraday holds by universal consent the foremost place. The memoirs in which his discoveries are enshrined will never ceaseto be read with admiration and delight"" and future generations will preserve with an affection not less enduring the personal records and familiar letters, which recall the memory of his humble and unselfish spirit.""(Edmund Whittaker in A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity).
"BERZELIUS, J. (JÖNS JACOB). - INTRODUCING CATALYSIS AND CATALYTIC FORCE, A NEW CHEMICAL POWER.
Reference : 44894
(1836)
Quelques Idées sur une nouvelle Force agissant dans les Combinaisons des Corps Organiques.
Paris, Crochard, 1836. No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2e Series, tome 61, Cahier 2. Pp. 113-224. (entire issue offered). Berzelius's paper: pp. 146-151. With titlepage to Tome 61.
First French edition of this importent paper in the history of chemistry in which Berzelius advanced the concept of 'Catalysis', and described inorganic reactions by way of metals and the biological reactions by enzymes. The paper on Catalysis was first published in his ""Årsberättelse"" (Annual Survey) in 1835. - Axel Holmberg 1836:14. - Partington IV, pp. 263-64""This is a new force in inorganic and organic nature, bringing into being chemical activity, and more widely distributed than has hitherto been thought, the naure of which is completely concealed. If I all it a new force it is not my meaning that it is independent of the electrochemical relations of matter, but on the contrary I can only assume that it is a special kind of manifestation of these. So long as its nature and relations are unknown it will be convenient to considerit a new force, and to give it a name.""(Berzelius).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1836 C.The issue contains furthermore two importent papers by the founder of modern organic cemeistry, Auguste Laurent ""Sur l'Acide Naphtalique et ses Combinaisons"", pp. 113-125 and ""Théorie des Combinaisons Organiques"", pp. 125-151.Laurent: A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century.
"BERZELIUS, J. (JÖNS JACOB). - INTRODUCING CATALYSIS AND CATALYTIC FORCE, A NEW CHEMICAL POWER.
Reference : 49288
(1836)
Quelques Idées sur une nouvelle Force agissant dans les Combinaisons des Corps Organiques.
Paris, Crochard, 1836. Berzelius's paper: pp. 146-151. Some browning to the first and last leaves. Some scattered brownspots.
First French edition of this importent paper in the history of chemistry in which Berzelius advanced the concept of 'Catalysis', and described inorganic reactions by way of metals and the biological reactions by enzymes. The paper on Catalysis was first published in his ""Årsberättelse"" (Annual Survey) in 1835. - Axel Holmberg 1836:14. - Partington IV, pp. 263-64""This is a new force in inorganic and organic nature, bringing into being chemical activity, and more widely distributed than has hitherto been thought, the naure of which is completely concealed. If I all it a new force it is not my meaning that it is independent of the electrochemical relations of matter, but on the contrary I can only assume that it is a special kind of manifestation of these. So long as its nature and relations are unknown it will be convenient to considerit a new force, and to give it a name.""(Berzelius).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1836 C.The issue contains furthermore two importent papers by the founder of modern organic cemeistry, Auguste Laurent ""Sur l'Acide Naphtalique et ses Combinaisons"", pp. 113-125 and ""Théorie des Combinaisons Organiques"", pp. 125-151. And Avogadr: ""Nouvelles recherches sur le Pouvoir Neutralisant de quelques Corps Simples. (Extrait). Pp. 419-432.Laurent: A founder of modern organic chemistry, Laurent was one of the most important chemists of the nineteenth century.
On the Origin of Force. - [PRESENTATION-COPY - INSCRIBED FOR TYNDALL]
(London: Alexander Strahan and Company, 1868). 8vo. Without wrappers (as issued). Offprint, seperatly paginated, from ""Fortnightly Review 1"", Pp. 435-42. Author's presentation inscription to top of front wrapper: ""Prof Tyndall / With the author's / kind Compliments"". Soiling to front wrappers and nicks throughout, not affecting text. Internally clean. Pp. 8.
First edition, offprint, with the author's presentation inscription to Professor John Tyndall - the father of the Greenhouse Effect, heat radiation and global climate research - of this important paper, in which Herschel promotes the role of the devine in the natural order. Herschel, now famous for originating the use of the Julian day system in astronomy, naming seven moons of Saturn and four moons of Uranus, his investigation in colour blindness and the chemical power of ultraviolet rays, did much to promote the public understanding of science . The present paper constitutes one of his most widely read and popular works. ""During his life John was immensely celebrated, his name epitomizing science to the public, much as that of Einstein did in the next century."" (DSB)Though intended for a popular audience ""On the Origin of Force"" is one of the most important sources for understanding Herschel's general approach to science. A contemporary review of the paper states: ""The article is well worth reading for those who wish to realise the enormous benefit which has been rendered to science by banishing the indefinite uee of the word force and by introducing the term energy, restricting the use of force to the meaning attached to it by Newton. Sir John Herschel still speaks of the ""conservation of force"" (as did likewise Helmholtz, who, however, very early introduces the term Arheitskraft, power to do work, thus removing all ambiguity).Herschel and Tyndall corresponded throughout their mature lives and they shared an overall view on God's place in science. ""In the only case in which we are admitted into any personal knowledge of the origin of force, we find it connected (possibly by intermediate links untraceable by our faculties, but yet indubitably connected) with volition, and by inevitable consequence with motive, with intellect, and with all the attributes of mind in which-and not in the possession of arms, legs, brains, and viscera-personality consists."" (Herschel, rrom the present paper). Tyndall agreed in stating that: ""An inscrutable power of which we know no more than job did, when he said, 'Can man by searching find this power out?'. (Tyndall's ""Belfast Address"").
On Faraday's Lines of Force. - [MAXWELL'S VERY FIRST PAPER ON ELECTROMAGNETISM]
London, Taylor and Francis, 1864. 4to. In plain white paper-wrappers with title-page of journal volume pasted on to front wrapper. In ""Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society"", Volume 10. Fine and clean. Pp. (27)-83, (1) + the pasted on title-page.
First appearance of Maxwell's landmark - and his very first published on electromagnetism - paper in which he anticipates many of the fundamental ideas presented in his famous four-part paper ""On Physical Lines of Force"" (1861-2) in which he derived the equations of electromagnetism. The present paper ushered in a new era of classical electrodynamics and catalyzed further progress in the mathematical field of vector calculus. Because of this, it is considered one of the most historically significant publications in the field of physics and of science in general.Maxwell began his researches on electromagnetism following the completion of his studies at Cambridge in 1854. They were aimed at constructing, at a theoretical level, a unified mathematical theory of electric and magnetic phenomena that would express the methods and ideas of Faraday as an alternative to the theory of Weber."" This programme was announced in his first article, 'On Faraday's lines of force', in 1856, and continued in two other major texts, 'On physical lines of force' in 1861-1862 and 'A dynamical theory of the electromagnetic field' in 1865. According to a famous passage in its preface, the Treatise (1873) represented the outcome of this programme"" (Landmark Writings, p. 569). ""Maxwell's first paper, ""On Faraday's Line of Force"" (1855-1856), was divided into two parts, with supplementary) examples. Its origin may he traced in a long correspondence with Thomson, edited by Larmor in 1936. Part 1 was an exposition of the analogy between lines of force and streamlines in an incompressible fluid. It contained one notable extension to Thomson's treatment of the subject and also an illuminating opening discourse on the philosophical significance of analogies between different branches of physics. This was a theme to which Maxwell returned more than once. His biographers print in full an essay entitled ""Analogies in Nature,"" which he read a few months later (February 1856) to the famous Apostles Club at Cambridge" this puts the subject in a wider setting and deserves careful reading despite its involved and cryptic style. Here, as elsewhere, Maxwell's metaphysical speculation discloses the influence of Sir William Hamilton, specifically of Hamilton's Kantian view that all human knowledge is of relations rather than of things. The use Maxwell saw in the method of analogy was twofold. It crossfertilized technique between different fields, and it served as a golden mean between analytic abstraction and the method of hypothesis. The essence of analogy (in contrast with identity) being partial resemblance, its limits must be recognized as clearly as its existence" yet analogies may help in guarding against too facile commitment to a hypothesis. The analogy of an electric current to two phenomena as different as conduction of heat and the motion of a fluid should, Maxwell later observed, prevent physicists from hastily assuming that ""electricity is either a substance like water, or a state of agitation like heat. ""The analogy is geometrical: ""a similarity between relations, not a similarity between the things related."""" (DSB)The 1856 paper has been eclipsed by Maxwell's later work, but its originality and importance are greater than is usually thought. Besides interpreting Faraday's work and giving the electrotonic function, it contained the germ of a number of ideas which Maxwell was to revive or modify in 1868 and later an integral representation of the field equations (1868),the treatment of electrical action as analogous to the motion of an incompressible fluid (1869, 1873), the classification of vector functions into forces and fluxes (1870), and an interesting formal symmetry in the equations connecting A, B, E, and H, different from the symmetry commonly recognized in the completed field equations. The paper ended with solutions to a series of problems, including an application of the electrotonic function to calculate the action of a magnetic field on a spinning conducting sphere.
