‎JANOSSY (L.).‎
‎Cosmic Rays.‎

‎Uber Beobachtungen der durchdringenden Strahlung bei sieben Freiballonfahrten. - [THE DISCOVERY OF COSMIC RAYS]‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1912. Royal8vo. Bound in two contemporary half cloth with white paper title label to spine. In ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"" Vol. 13, 1912. Library stamp to title pages. Otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 1084-91. [Entire volume 1: XXV, (1), 576 pp + XXII plates"" Pp. 577-1228 + XXXV plates.‎

‎First printing of Hess's paper in which the discovery of cosmic rays first was introduced. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1936.At the start of the 1900's, French physicist Henri Becquerel discovered that certain elements are unstable, and would transmute into other elements, and in the process, emit what appeared to be particles. These ""particles"" were given the name ""radiation"", and the process itself referred to as ""radioactive decay.""To study the source of this background, Austrian physicist Victor. F. Hess made measurements of radiation levels at different altitudes with electroscopes aboard a balloon. The motivation for this study was to distance the electroscopes from radiation sources in the Earth. Hess went as high as 17,500 feet in his balloon without oxygen tanks. Surprisingly, he found that the radiation levels increased with altitude. Hess interpreted this result to mean that radiation is entering the atmosphere from outer space. He gave this phenomenon the name ""Cosmic Radiation"", which later evolved to ""Cosmic Rays"". Hess was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1936 for his discovery of cosmic rays""""Hess took up the problem stated by Wulf in 1911. He first verified the rate of absorption of gamma rays and then, with the help of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the Austrian Aeroclub, made ten difficult and daring balloon ascensions, collecting data with improved instrumentation. He reached a height of 5,350 meters, with striking results. He was able to establish that to a height of approximately 150 meters above sea level, radiation decreased according to known laws, while at greater heights radiation increased steadily, following approximately the same laws. He found radiation at 5,000 meters to be several times greater than that at sea level, and also that radiation at all levels was the same night or day, and therefore not the result of the direct rays of the sun. He was thus able to conclude that the radiation he recorded at high altitudes entered the atmosphere from above and was, in fact, of cosmic origin. His results were verified in an extension of his experiments made by W. Kohlhörster in1913-Kohlhörster reached a height of 9,300 meters, and recorded radiation of twelve times that at sea level-but were not acknowledged by other physicists for a number of years. (""Cosmic rays"" were so named by R. A. Millikan in 1925.) In 1913 Hess himself equipped the meteorological station on Hoch Obir (2,141 meters) in Carinthia to accommodate further studies of cosmic radiation" these experiments, however, were brought to a halt by World War I.University, and the University of Innsbruck the Ernst Abbe prize of the Carl Zeiss Foundation (1932)" and the Austrian Medal for Science and Arts (1959). The most important honor, however, was the Nobel Prize in physics, which he shared with C.D. Anderson in 1936, on which occasion he lectured on ""Unsolved Problems in Physics: Tasks for the Immediate Future in Cosmic Ray Studies."" The discovery of cosmic radiation was one of the keys to the study of elementary particles in general, leading to the discovery of the positron, by Anderson in 1932, and of the ? meson by F. Neddermayer (in 1937)."" (DSB)‎

‎Origin of cosmic rays Symposium N°94 jointly with the international union of pire and applied physics held in Bologna, Italy, June 11-14, 1980 Sommaire: Isotopes in galactic cosmic rays; Supernova and cosmic rays; Very high energy cosmic rays; The X-ray s‎

‎D. Reidel publishing company. 1981. In-8. Broché. Très bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 409 pages.. . . . Classification Dewey : 420-Langue anglaise. Anglo-saxon‎

‎Texte écrit en anglais. Etiquette sur coiffe en pied. Sommaire: Isotopes in galactic cosmic rays; Supernova and cosmic rays; Very high energy cosmic rays; The X-ray sky ... Classification Dewey : 420-Langue anglaise. Anglo-saxon‎

‎Zur Theorie der ""Schauer"" in der Höhenstrahlung (+) Zur Theorie der explosionsartigen Schauer in der kosmischen Strahlung. II. - [HEISENBERG'S ""EXPLOSION SHOWERS"" OF COSMIC RAYS]‎

‎Berling, Springer, 1936 & 1939. 8vo. In two contemporary halv cloth bindings. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"", Bd. 101, 1936 & 113, 1939. Entire volumes offered. Stamp to front free end-paper and titlepage, otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 513-538"" Pp. 673-702. [Entire volume: VII, (1), 790 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Heisenberg's two famous papers on ""explosion showers"" of cosmic rays"" a subject he himself considered ""the frontier of a wholly new and revolutionary physics."" (DSB). ""It appears to me that Heisenberg's experiences with the Fermi theory made a deep and lasting impact on him, which changed the course of his thinking. The strong increase of cross sections with energy he had found led him to surmise that physics may have to be revised at short distances. Already in his 1936 paper [the present] we find references to 'the introduction of a universal length which perhaps must be connected with a new change a principle in the formalism, just as for example the introduction of the constant c led to a modification of prerelativistic physics"". Note also that 1936 was the last year Heisenberg worked on quantum electrodynamics."" (Pais, Inward Bound).""While engaged in this political fight, Heisenberg vigorously pursued his search for a consistent quantum field theory. His tenacious adherence to what he believed to be the beginning of a new quantum revolution is in part attributable to his concern for the vitality of German research. In 1935 Heisenberg's research began to focus on high-energy collisions of elementary particles in cosmic rays, the highest energy phenomena then known. Examining the Fermi (weak) interaction in early 1936, Heisenberg discovered a mathematical minimum length, about the size of elementary particles, that appeared to trigger the onset of ""explosion showers"" of cosmic rays. The minimum length, a notion that he had earlier considered in the context of quantum eletrodynamics, marked, he belived, the boundary of quantum mechanics and the frontier of a wholly new and revolutionary physics.Heisenberg's revolutionary notions were challenged soon afterward by the alternative quantum electrodynamics of ""cascade showers."" generated by Bremsstrahlung and pair production. A controversy ensued, mainly between Heisenberg and several American physicists, over the existence of explosion showers and over allegiances to the two types of theories and their implications for the future course of physics. Fermi's weak-field theory soon proved inapplicable to the problem, but in 1939 Heisenberg extended his notions to Yukawa's (strong) meson theory of nuclear forces, revitalizing the controversy into the war years. A universal minimum length remained a permanent feature of Heisenberg's physics. Although explosion showers later called ""multiple processes,"" were discovered after the war in cosmic-ray events, the invention of renormalization techniques and the experimental confirmation of quantum electrodynamics to the highest energies left Heisenberg's physics with only minority support."" (DSB)Cassidy 1936b, 1939a.‎

‎Skobeltsyn D.V. Cosmic rays. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Skobeltsyn D.V. Kos‎

‎Skobeltsyn D.V. Cosmic rays. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Skobeltsyn D.V. Kosmicheskie luchi.L.-M.: ONTI Main Edition of General Technical Literature 1936. 332c. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalbb7d6a2ccc22ae0b3‎

‎Milliken R. Electrons (and i -) protons photons neutrons and cosmic rays /Mi‎

‎Milliken R. Electrons (and i -) protons photons neutrons and cosmic rays /Milliken R. Elektrony ( i i -) protony fotony neytrony i kosmicheskie luchi GONTI. Editorial Board of Technical and Theoretical Literature 1939. 312 p. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalb4f6431a92fded8fd‎