‎LITHGOW (Mike)‎
‎Mach 1.‎

‎Photographische Fixierung der durch Projectile in der luft eingeleiteten Vorgänge. [In: Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 95. Band, IV und V. Heft. Jahrgang 1887 April und Mai. Z... - [THE MACH NUMBER]‎

‎Wien, 1887. 8vo. The entire volume. Uncut and unopened in the orig. printed yellow wrappers, some soiling. Lacks upper part of spine, otherwise no tears, creases or lacks. Pp. 764-780 + one plate. [Entire volume: VIII, (2) pp., pp. 761-1120 + 3 plates, two of which are folded].‎

‎First edition of the seminal paper, in which Mach laid the basis for the principles of supersonics, determined the ""sonic boom"", demonstrated an object's speed relative to the speed of sound, now called the ""Mach number"" of an object, and presented the first photograph of a shock wave in front of an object moving at supersonic speed.""Between 1873 and 1893 Mach and various collaborators, including his son Ludwig, devised and perfected optical and photographic techniques to study sound waves and the wave propulsion and gas dynamics of projectiles, meteorites, explosions, and gas jets. Stimulated by the remarks of the Belgian artillerist Henri Melsens, in 1881 Mach undertook to study the flight of projectiles by means of photographic techniques that he had already devised for other experiments in his Prague laboratory. His celebrated 1887 paper on supersonics was published jointly with P. Salcher of the Marine Academy of Fiume (now Rijeka, Yougoslavia) in the ""Sitzungsberichte"" of the Academy of Sciences of Vienna. The experiments described in this classic paper were carried out in Fiume with the support of the Austrian Royal Navy."" (D.S.B., VIII: 597). In this highly influential paper, Mach demonstrates, with the aid of his photograph of a bullet in flight and the shock wave produced by the gas around the tip of it (the first such picture in history), that the angle which the shock wave makes with the direction of its motion is related to the speed of sound and to the speed of the projectile. This angle is called the Mach angle (coined by Ludwig Prandtl in 1907). This discovery turned out to be of ground-breaking character, and in 1929 J. Ackeret suggested to use the term ""Mach number"" for the value of the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound, recognizing the profound effect that this discovery had on aerodynamics for high-speed projectile studies. ""The Mach number was introduced into the literature in English by the late 1930's and since the end of World War II has taken on considerable importance in theoretical and fluid dynamics."" (D.S.B., VIII: 597). Unlike most other units of measure, the number in this case comes after the name of the unit, making the second Mach number not ""2 Mach"", but ""Mach 2"". The ""Mach 2"" thus indicates a velocity of twice the speed of sound. Mach here also determines the effect of an object that travels past the speed of sound, namely the ""sonic boom"". ""By 1885 Mach had worked out the details of supersonic motion, along the way developing high-speed photographic techniques. Most importantly for engineers, Mach Number is the ratio of the speed of sound in the given medium to the speed of the projectile"" his work is essential to modern aerodynamics, and through it the word 'Mach' has bizarrely entered into popular culture as an icon for razors, sound systems, fighter pilots, and high speed fuels."" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).The Austrian physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach was highly influential among his contemporaries and is famous for the impact he had on the Vienna Circle. Though his main contribution to physics lies in his seminal description and photographs of the shock waves and his descriptions of how passing the speed of sound compressed air in front of projectiles, his more general contributions to philosophy and science were also immense. He was an early devotee of an extreme form of positivism, and his passionate ways of expounding his theories and his success as a polemicist and popularizer influenced an entire generation of scientists towards a profound skepticism that even extended into the use of abstract mathematics as an element of physical theories. He was highly critical of physical science and tried to free it from all elements that were not verifiable by sensory experience. ""Ernst Mach (18 Februrary, 1838 - 19 February, 1916), made major contributions to, physics, philosophy, and physiological psychology. In physics, the speed of sound bears his name, as he was the first to systematically study super-sonic motion. He also made important contributions to understanding the Doppler effect. His critique of Newtonian ideas of absolute space and time were an inspiration to the young Einstein, who credited Mach as being the philosophical forerunner of relativity theory. His systematic skepticism of the old physics was similarly important to a generation of young German physicists."" (Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy).‎

‎Prinzipielles zur allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie" - [THE FIRST NAMING OF ""MACH'S PRINCIPLE]‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1918). Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Bd. 55, Heft 4. The whole number present, pp. (241)-336. Einsteins paper, pp. (241)-244.‎

‎First printing, the periodical form. Einstein believed, around 1918, ""in the relativity of inertia that in 1918 (in the paper offered) he stated as being on equal footing three principles on which a satisfactory theory of gravitation should rest: 1. The principle of relativity as expressed by general covarianc. 2. The principle of equivalence. 3. Mach's principle (the first time this term entered the literature): 'Das G-Feld ist 'restlos' durch die Massen der Körper bestimmt.', that is, the g.. are completely determined by the mass of bodies, more generally bu T..""(Pais, The Science of Albert Einstein, p.287). - Weil:96. - Boni: 100.‎

‎Mach Ernst. Mechanics. Historical and critical outline of its development. In Ru‎

‎Mach Ernst. Mechanics. Historical and critical outline of its development. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)/Makh Ernst. Mekhanika. Istoriko-kriticheskiy ocherk ee razvitiya. The first edition of the book is published in Russia. Ernst Mach (1838-1916) is a famous Austrian physicist mechanic and positivist philosopher. The so-called Mach principle according to which the forces of inertia should be regarded as the action of the general mass of the universe is most widely known. The book is devoted to the physical foundations and historical development of mechanics. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalbc1c33a4eea733b47‎

‎"Revue d'Histoire des Sciences - Tome 48 (XLVIII), n° 4 - Octobre-Décembre 1995 , (Arthur Mach, Werner Heisenberg, and the search for a smallest length - De la nature épargnante aux forces généreuses : Le principe de moindre action entre mathématiques et métaphysique; Maupertuis et Euler, 1740-1751 - L'héritage du positivisme dans la création de la chaire d'histoire générale des sciences au Collège de France)"‎

‎Presses Universitaires de France - P.U.F. , Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1995 Book condition, Etat : Bon broché, sous couverture imprimée éditeur blanche, titre en bleu et noir grand In-8 1 vol. - 192 pages‎

‎quelques figures dans le texte en noir et blanc 1ere édition, 1995 "Contents, Chapitres : 1. Articles : Helge Kragh : Arthur Mach, Werner Heisenberg, and the search for a smallest length - Marco Panza : De la nature épargnante aux forces généreuses : Le principe de moindre action entre mathématiques et métaphysique; Maupertuis et Euler, 1740-1751 - Annie Petit : L'héritage du positivisme dans la création de la chaire d'histoire générale des sciences au Collège de France - 2. Informations, analyses" Légères rousseurs sur la couverture, légère pliure sur le bord inférieur du plat supérieur, sinon bel exemplaire, intérieur frais et propre, papier à peine jauni - paginé 402 à 593‎

‎"Actes du XIIe Congrès International d'Histoire des Sciences - Tome II (2). Problèmes généraux d'histoire des science, épistémologie , Paris, Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, du 25 au 31 août 1968 (Can we learn from history ? - Regularities in the development of science as manifested in the evolution of notions of the structure of the Earth - La répétition des expériences anciennes et son utilité pour l'histoire des sciences - An appeal for the history of scientific inspiration - Unité du théorique, du cognitif et création du libre - L'instrument et l'objet de recherche à la lumière de la théorie physique, d'après Pierre Duhem, Percy Williams Bridgman et Niels Bohr - Le cheminement vers la pensée scientifique -C.S. Peirce and the scientific philosophy of Ernst Mach - L'histoire de la science et l'épistémologie - Les trois genres de découvertes selon Descartes - History of science and development - Pour une histoire de la philosophie des sciences - Exponential or logistical law of scientific development - Expériences et comptes rendus d'expériences chez Galilée - Le développement axiomatique des sciences et les perspectives actuelles de la philosophie des sciences - Who's who in the history of science, a survey of our profession - The problem of the ""Scientific Revolution"" - La logique et l'histoire des sciences - General System Theory : Evolution of ideas - Experience et experiment in Galileo's De Motu - Aperçu historique des principaux essais de classification des sciences - The Isis Cumulative Bibliography -The results of a socio-psychological study of creative activity in science and technology)"‎

‎Librairie Scientifique et Technique Albert Blanchard , Congrès International d'Histoire des Sciences Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1971 Book condition, Etat : Très Bon broché, sous couverture imprimée éditeur verte grand In-8 1 vol. - 119 pages‎

‎ 1ere édition, 1971 "Contents, Chapitres : Joseph Agassi : Can we learn from history ? - I. Batjushkova : Regularities in the development of science as manifested in the evolution of notions of the structure of the Earth - Luigi Belloni : La répétition des expériences anciennes et son utilité pour l'histoire des sciences - John F. Bennett : An appeal for the history of scientific inspiration - Georges Bouligand : Unité du théorique, du cognitif et création du libre - I. Dambska : L'instrument et l'objet de recherche à la lumière de la théorie physique, d'après Pierre Duhem, Percy Williams Bridgman et Niels Bohr - Goerges Dubal : Le cheminement vers la pensée scientifique - C. Eisele : C.S. Peirce and the scientific philosophy of Ernst Mach - A. Ferraz : L'histoire de la science et l'épistémologie - Alan Gabbey : Les trois genres de découvertes selon Descartes - E. Herlitzius : History of science and development - C. Joja : Pour une histoire de la philosophie des sciences - I. Konfederatov : Exponential or logistical law of scientific development - Paul McCartney et Vinaty Thomas : Expériences et comptes rendus d'expériences chez Galilée - Noel Mouloud : Le développement axiomatique des sciences et les perspectives actuelles de la philosophie des sciences - Derek J. de Solla Price : Who's who in the history of science, a survey of our profession - Jerome Ravetz : The problem of the ""Scientific Revolution"" - Naum Rodnyi : La logique et l'histoire des sciences - Vadim Sadovsky : General System Theory : Evolution of ideas - Charles B. Schmitt : Experience et experiment in Galileo's De Motu - Pierre Speziali : Aperçu historique des principaux essais de classification des sciences - Magda Whitrow : The Isis Cumulative Bibliography - Anatoli A. Zvorikin : The results of a socio-psychological study of creative activity in science and technology" bords des plats à peine jaunis, sinon bel exemplaire, intérieur frais et propre, papier à peine jauni - Actes du XIIeme Congrès International d'Histoire des Sciences - Tome 2 seul, complet en lui-même sur les problèmes généraux de l'histoire des sciences et l'épistémologie‎