‎PETTENGILL, Robert B.:‎
‎Distribution theory.‎

‎The advanced Theory of Statistics. Volume 1: Distribution Theory.‎

‎London, Griffin & Comp., (1952). Small 4to. XII,433 pp.‎

‎DISTRIBUTION THEORY FOR TESTS BASED ON THE SAMPLE DITRIBUTION FUNCTION - CONFERNCE BOARD OF THE MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES - REGIONAL CONFERENCE SERIES IN APPLIED MATHEMATICS.‎

‎SIAM. 1973. In-8. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 64 pages - ouvrage en anglais.. . . . Classification Dewey : 420-Langue anglaise. Anglo-saxon‎

‎OUVRAGE EN ANGLAIS. Classification Dewey : 420-Langue anglaise. Anglo-saxon‎

‎""On the Dynamical Theory of Gases."" Received May 16, - Read May 31, 1866. - [THE ""MAXWELL-DISTRIBUTION""S FINAL FORM - A MAIN PAPER IN 19TH CENTURY PHYSICS.]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1867. 4to. Extracted and rebound in recent green plain wrappers. Title-page of vol. 157 pasted on to front wrapper. A fine copy. Pp. 49-88.‎

‎First appearance of this seminal paper (in its full version from ""Transactions""), representing the announcement of Maxwell's final ""Theory of Gases"" and introduces the ""Maxwell Distribution"" in its final form, a statistical means of describing aspects of the kinetic theory of gases, a theory, together with his electromagnetic theory, are considered to be SOME OF THE GREATEST ADVANCES IN PHYSICS OF ALL TIMES. Everett considers this paper (1868) to be Maxwell's greatest single paper. Maxwell's discoveries laid the foundations of special relativity and quantum mechanics.One of Maxwell's major investigations was on the kinetic theory of gases. Originating with Daniel Bernoulli, this theory was advanced by the successive labours of John Herapath, John James Waterston, James Joule, and particularly Rudolf Clausius, to such an extent as to put its general accuracy beyond a doubt" but it received enormous development from Maxwell, who in this field appeared as an experimenter (on the laws of gaseous friction) as well as a mathematician.In 1866, he formulated statistically, independently of Ludwig Boltzmann, the Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic theory of gases. His formula, called the Maxwell distribution, gives the fraction of gas molecules moving at a specified velocity at any given temperature. In the kinetic theory, temperatures and heat involve only molecular movement. This approach generalized the previously established laws of thermodynamics and explained existing observations and experiments in a better way than had been achieved previously. Maxwell's work on thermodynamics led him to devise the Gedankenexperiment (thought experiment) that came to be known as Maxwell's demon.‎

‎The Distribution of Wealth. A Theory of Wages, Interest and Profits. - [FOUNDING WORK OF NEOCLASSICAL MICRO-ECONOMICS - ""A LANDMARK TREATISE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMICS""]‎

‎London, The Macmillan Company, 1899. 8vo. In the original full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Traces after removel of label on lower part of spine. Library labels pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. Embossed library stamp to titbel page (not affecting text). Otherwise a fine copy. XXVIII, (2), 445, (3) pp.‎

‎The scarce first edition of Clark's seminal work - a cornerstone of neoclassical micro-economics -, which is considered ""by any reasonable test, a landmark treatise in the development of economics"". (New Palgrave). Clark ""is regarded in some quarters as the one great American economist of the calibre of Smith and Mill"". (Cohen, American Thought: A Critical Sketch, p. 117).Clark here presented his famous theorem: Given competition and homogeneous factors of production labor and capital, the repartition of the social product will be according to the productivity of the last physical input of units of labor and capital. This theorem is one of the pillars of neoclassical micro-economics and was popularly formulated by Clark himself: ""[W]hat a social class gets is, under natural law, what it contributes to the general output of industry.""""Very early in his career Clark began to work on the problem of factor shares (possibly because of his interest in Henry Georg) and concluded that the treatment of land rent as a surplus whose size is not determined by marginal productivity was gross error. The most complete statement of his views on distribution is in [The present work]. [...] Despite its flaws (which include the universal measure of value) 'the Distribution' is a remarkable book and, by any reasonable test, a landmark treatise in the development of economics.The 'Distribution represents an advance on the prior art in two important respects. It offers a discussion of the relation of statics to dynamics - the terms was introduced into economics by Clark - superior to that of previous treatments. And it offers, for the first time, a complete and lucid exposition of the neo-classical theory of distribution."" (The New Palgrave)""One of the classics on the subject. ""Aims ""to show that the distribution of the income of society is controlled by a natural law, and that this law if it worked without friction, would give to every agent of production the amount of wealth which the agent creates."" (A Select Bibliography of Modern Economic Theory, 1870-1929, P. 69). John Bates Clark (1847 - 1938), American neoclassical economist, was one of the pioneers of the marginalist revolution and opponent to the Institutionalist school of economics, and spent most of his career teaching at Columbia University.Mattioli 687Einaudi 1114Katalog der Karl Menger-Bibliothek 431‎

‎A Theory of the Spatial Distribution of Galaxies (+) Frequency of Separation and of Interlocking of Clusters of Galaxies. - [THE NEYMAN-SCOTT CLUSTERING MODEL]‎

‎[No place, no printer], 1952 & 1953. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Offprints from ""Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"", Vol. 39, No. 8, 1953 & ""The Astrophysical Journal"", Vol. 116, No. 1, July, 1952.Two library stamps to front wrappers, otherwise both fine and clean. Pp. (2), 145-163"" Pp. 737-43.‎

‎First printing of Neyman and Scott's two influential papers in which they present their theory of the spatial distribution of galaxies which is based on four main assumptions: 1, Galaxies occur only in clusters. 2, The numbers of galaxies varies from cluster to cluster to cluster. 3, The distribution of galaxies within a cluster is also subject to a probabilistic law. 4, The distribution of cluster centers in space is subject to a probabilistic law described as quase-uniform.""Neyman’s major research efforts at Berkeley were devoted to several large-scale applied projects. These included questions regarding competition of species (with T. Park), accident proneness (with G. Bates), the distribution of galaxies and the expansion of the universe (with C.D. Shane and particularly Elizabeth Scott, who became a steady collaborator and close companion), the effectiveness of cloud seeding, and a model for carcinogenesis. Of these, perhaps the most important was the work in astronomy, where the introduction of the Neyman-Scott clustering model brought new methods into the field."" (DSB).‎