‎CASLON, WILLIAM.‎
‎ALPHA.‎

‎The Nature of the alpha Particle.‎

‎Manchester, 1909. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Orig. printed paper label on spine (a bit chipped). In: ""Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Phlosophical Society. (Manchester Memoirs.). Volume LIII. (1908-09). Entire volume offered. The volume contains 24 papers, all with seperate pagination. Rutherford's paper: pp. 1-3.‎

‎First printing of the paper which Rutherford and Royds gave the final proof that the alpha particle are atoms of helium. The present paper was read on November 3rd 1908 and published on the 19th. It was reprinted in Philosophical Magazine and that paper is dated November 13, 1908 and published February 1909.""After nearly a decade of labor, Rutherford was finally prepared to state... what the alpha particle really was ""We may conclude that an alpha-particle is a helium atom, or, to be more precise, the alpha-particle, after it has lost its positive charge, is a helium atom"". In a paper together with Royds, completed in November 1908, he was even more emphatic: ""We can conclude with certainty... that the alpha-particle is a helium atom... They had shown that a discharge sent through a volume in which alpha-particles from radium had been collected produced the characteristic helium spectrum !""(Pais ""Inward Bound"", p. 61).""Rutherford’s early conviction that the alpha particle was a doubly charged helium atom, but he had not succeeded in proving that belief. In 1908 he and Geiger were able to fire alpha particles into an evacuated tube containing a central, charged wire and to record single events. Ionization by collision, a process studied by Rutherford’s former colleague at Cambridge, J. S. E. Townsend, caused a magnification of the single particle’s charge sufficient to give the electrometer a measurable ""kick."" By this means they were able to count, for the first time accurately and directly, the number of alpha particles emitted per second from a gram of radium.This experiment enabled Rutherford and Geiger to confirm that every alpha particle causes a faint but discrete flash when it strikes a luminescent zinc sulfide screen, and thus led directly to the widespread method of scintillation counting. It was also the origin of the electrical and electronic methods of particle counting in which Geiger later pioneered. But at this time the scintillation technique, now proved reliable, was more convenient. This counting work also led Rutherford and Geiger to the most accurate value of the fundamental electric charge e before Millikan performed his oil-drop experiment. They measured the total charge from a radium source and divided it by the number of alphas counted to obtain the charge per particle. Since this figure was about twice the previous values of e. they concluded that the alpha was indeed helium with a double charge. But Rutherford still desired decisive, direct proof"" and here his skilled glassblower came to his aid. Otto Baumbach in 1908 was able to construct glass tubes thin enough to be transparent to the rapidly moving alpha particles yet capable of containing a gas. Such a tube was filled with emanation and was placed within a larger tube made of thicker glass. In time, alpha particles from the decaying emanation penetrated into and were trapped in the space between inner and outer tubes: and when ROYDS SPARKED THE MATERIAL IN THIS SPACE, THEY SAW THE SPECTRUM OF HELIUM."" (DSB).The volume contains 2 other importent papers by Rutherford 1. ""Some Properties of the Radium Emanations"" (issued Nov. 19th, 1908) and 2. together withY. Tuomikoski ""Differences in the Decay of the Radium Emanations"" (issued April 7th, 1909).‎

‎Comics Alpha Issue 3. COMIC BOOK ALPHA vol. 3. In Russian /Komiks Alfa vypusk 3‎

‎Comics Alpha Issue 3. COMIC BOOK ALPHA vol. 3. In Russian /Komiks Alfa vypusk 3. COMIC BOOK ALPHA vol. 3. In Polish by Waldemar Schwerzy (Sverji). Science fiction. National Agency of Publishing COFE 1977. 66s. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalbd4aafd18941b7505.‎

‎La magie des cartes pour la scène / Alpha. Textes : Georges Proust. ‎

‎Paris, Georges Proust 1983 In-4 29,7 x 21 cm. Agrafé, couverture noire, premier plat illustré par James Hodges, 47 pp., dessins explicatifs par Alpha. Exemplaire en état, enrichi d’un envoi autographe de Alpha.‎

‎ Bon état d’occasion ‎

‎The Structure of the Atom. (Rutherford) + (Darwin:) Collision of 'alpha' Particles with Light Atoms. + (Bohr:) On the Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Spectral Lines‎

‎London, 1914. No wrappers, but stiched. All three papers contained in: ""Philosophical Magazine"", Sixth Series, Vol. 27. No. 159. March 1914. The whole issue issue offered (=no. 159): pp. 397-540 and 2 plates.Rutherford's paper.pp. 488-498. - Darwin's paper: pp. 499-506. - Bohr's paper: pp. 506-523. All clean and fine.‎

‎First edition and first printing of all three papers. Rutherford, in this paper for the first time identifies the hydrogen nucleus, and called it the 'positive electron'. He later called it 'the proton' . In his definitive paper of 1911 he estimated the radius of the nucleus, a hundred thousand times smaller than that of an atom. Darwin in his paper (offered here) gave a more precise measure.In the first lines of the paper Rutherford outlines the content ""The present paper and and the accompanying paper by Mr. C. Darwin (the second paper offered here) deal with certain points in connection with the ""nucleus"" theory of the atom which were purposely omitted in my first communication on that subject (Phil. Mag. May 1911). A brief account is given of the later investigations which have been made to test the theory and of the deductions which can be drawn from them. At the same time a brief statement is given of recent observations on the passage of alpha particles through hydrogen, which throw importent light on the dimensions of the nucleus."" - Rutherford had studies alpha-particles intensely in the years before 1914 and proved quite conclusively that the individual particle was a helium atom with its electrons removed. The alpha particles were like the positive rays that had been discovered by Goldstein (1886), and now in 1914 (the paper offered) Rutherford suggested that the simplest positive rays must be those obtained from the hydrogen and that these must be the fundamentall positively-charged particle. He names it a 'positive electron'.Darwin, in the paper offered ""concluded from the known data:""No force proportional to some power of the distance other than the inverse square can give the dependence (the Rutherford scattering cross section) on (the initial velocity)"", and he then calculated the distance of closest alpha-particle-nucleus approach.The paper by Niels Bohr relates to ""The Stark effect"". In 1913 appeared ""an importent new discovery: when atomic hydrogen is exposed to a static electrical field its spectral lines split, the amount of splitting being proportional to thefield strenght (the linear Stark effect). After Rutherford read this news in ""Nature"", he at once wrote to Bohr:'I think it is rather up to you at the present time to write something on....electric effects.'"" (A. Pais). Bohrs paper on The Stark effect appeared in 1914, the paper offered here. - Rosenfeld. Niels Bohr' publications No. 10).‎

‎Guthrie Julian. Alpha Girls. The First Women in Silicon Valley In Russian /Gatr‎

‎Guthrie Julian. Alpha Girls. The First Women in Silicon Valley In Russian /Gatri Dulian. †Alpha Girls. Pervye enshchiny v kremnievoy doline Series: Alpha girls. Smart and Brave Moscow Bombora 2021. 384 Contact us for details or to request photos of available books. Delivery of this book could take longer than normal due to additional handling time before shipping, and no rush delivery options are available. Please let us know if you have a specific date by which you need to receive your order.SKUalb6ce99fbd2dccd833‎