‎Boyne, John‎
‎The Elements‎

‎The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements. - [INTRODUCING ""ATOMIC NUMBERS""]‎

‎London, 1913. Without wrappers, but stitched. In ""Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. 26, No. 156. December 1913. Pp. 937-1058 a. 6 plates.(= the whole issue No 156). Moseley's paper: pp. 854-860 a. 1 plate. Fine and clean.‎

‎First edition of this groundbreaking paper which Rutherford considered A WORK ON PAR WITH THE VERY DISCOVERY OF THE PERIODICAL TABLE, introducing the concept 'Atomic Number'.Moseley notes a regularity in the shifting of spectral lines when the elements (he examines 50 elements) are arranged according to atomic weight. He finds that bombardments of the various elements with cathode rays yeilds a systematic sequence of vibration frequencies, and from this he derives the concept of atomic number, which he recognizes as equal to the nuclear charge.""Moseley, working under Rutherford at Manchester, used the method of X-ray spectroscopy devised by the Braggs to calculate variations in the wave-lenght of the rays emitted by each element. These he was able to arrange in a series according to the nuclear charge of the element. Thus if the nuclear charge of hydrogen is 1, in helium it is 2, in lithium 3, and so on by regular progression to uranium as 92. These figures Moseley called atomic numbers.he pointed out that they also represented a corresponding increase in extra-nuclear electrons and that it is the number and arrangement of these electrons rather than the atomic weight that determines the properties of an element. It was now possible to base the periodical table on a firm foundation, and to state with confidence that the number of elements up to uranium is limited to 92. When Moseley'stable was completed, six atomic numbers had no corresponding elements"" but Moseley himself was able to predict the nature of four of the missing elements.""(Printing and the Mind of Man No. 407). Another paper on the same subject was published by Moseley the next year (1914).An important paper by Rutherford and Richardson is withbound: Analysis of the gamma rays of Thorium and Actinium Products. Pp.937-948 and 1 plate.‎

‎The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements, I-II. - [ESTABLISHING ORDER IN THE PERIODICAL TABLE OF ELEMENTS - PMM 407]‎

‎London, 1913 & 1914. 8vo. 2 volumes, uniformly bound with the original wrappers in recent full blue cloth. In ""The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine"", Sixth Series, Vol. 26, no. 156, December 1913 & vol. 27, no. 160, April 1914. Lower part of index (pp. 1059-1064) in vol 26 with horisontal repair to lower part, affecting last three line (but legible). A fine and clean set. Moseley's papers: pp. 703-13" pp. 1024-1034. [Entire issues: pp. 937-1064" pp. 541-756].‎

‎First edition of these groundbreaking papers, in which the arrangement of the elements in the periodic table was based on the atomic number and which thus placed the atomic table on a firm scientific foundation. ""Moseley, working under Rutherford at Manchester, used the method of X-ray spectroscopy devised by the Braggs to calculate variations in the wave-lenght of the rays emitted by each element. These he was able to arrange in a series according to the nuclear charge of the element. Thus if the nuclear charge of hydrogen is 1, in helium it is 2, in lithium 3, and so on by regular progression to uranium as 92. These figures Moseley called atomic numbers.he pointed out that they also represented a corresponding increase in extra-nuclear electrons and that it is the number and arrangement of these electrons rather than the atomic weight that determines the properties of an element. It was now possible to base the periodical table on a firm foundation, and to state with confidence that the number of elements up to uranium is limited to 92. When Moseley'stable was completed, six atomic numbers had no corresponding elements"" but Moseley himself was able to predict the nature of four of the missing elements.""(PMM 407). “In a very short time, Moseley produced the first of his two famous papers in which he showed the spectra of K radiation of ten different substances … Moseley arranged the spectra, one below the other in a step-like fashion, in such a way that a given wavelength was in the same position for all spectra. It then became clear by simple inspection of this ‘step ladder’ that the spectrum of K radiation of each element contains two strong lines (which Moseley called Ka (for the longer wavelength) and Kß (for the shorter) and that this pair of lines moves to shorter and shorter wavelengths in a monotonic fashion if one moves step by step from calcium to zinc Moseley's work made it clear once and for all that indeed the position number in the Periodic Table is equal to the number Z of positive elementary charges in the nucleus of an atom. It also showed that Z is more important for the spectroscopic and chemical properties of an atom than the atomic mass number A. This is evident in the case of the elements cobalt (Z = 27, A = 58.9) and nickel (Z = 28, A = 58.7), where even the order in A differs from that in Z.” (Brandt, The Harvest of a Century: Discoveries in Modern Physics in 100 Episodes) PMM 407Evans 62Norman 1599‎

‎The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements. Part (I-) II. - [INTRODUCING ""ATOMIC NUMBERS"" - PMM 407]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1913-14. 8vo. Bound in two recent uniform full cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spines and front boards. Extracted from ""The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine"" Sixth Series Volume 26 Nos 156 and 160, entire issues offered. A fine and clean set. Pp. 1024-1034 + 1plate"" pp. 703-713.‎

‎First edition of this groundbreaking paper which Rutherford considered A WORK ON PAR WITH THE VERY DISCOVERY OF THE PERIODICAL TABLE, introducing the concept 'Atomic Number'.Moseley notes a regularity in the shifting of spectral lines when the elements (he examines 50 elements) are arranged according to atomic weight. He finds that bombardments of the various elements with cathode rays yeilds a systematic sequence of vibration frequencies, and from this he derives the concept of atomic number, which he recognizes as equal to the nuclear charge.""Moseley, working under Rutherford at Manchester, used the method of X-ray spectroscopy devised by the Braggs to calculate variations in the wave-lenght of the rays emitted by each element. These he was able to arrange in a series according to the nuclear charge of the element. Thus if the nuclear charge of hydrogen is 1, in helium it is 2, in lithium 3, and so on by regular progression to uranium as 92. These figures Moseley called atomic numbers.he pointed out that they also represented a corresponding increase in extra-nuclear electrons and that it is the number and arrangement of these electrons rather than the atomic weight that determines the properties of an element. It was now possible to base the periodical table on a firm foundation, and to state with confidence that the number of elements up to uranium is limited to 92. When Moseley'stable was completed, six atomic numbers had no corresponding elements"" but Moseley himself was able to predict the nature of four of the missing elements.""(Printing and the Mind of Man No. 407). Another paper on the same subject was published by Moseley the next year (1914).‎

‎Julius Du Mont. The Elements of Chess. In English /Julius Du Mont. The Elements‎

‎Julius Du Mont. The Elements of Chess. In English /Julius Du Mont. The Elements of Chess. In English London G. Bell and Sons, 1956. We have thousands of titles and often several copies of each title may be available. Please feel free to contact us for a detailed description of the copies available. SKUalbea9728b4959440c9.‎

‎On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules. 3 Parts (all). (+) The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements. - [THE BIRTH OF MODERN ATOMIC THEORY (PMM 411)]‎

‎London, Taylor & Francis, 1913. 8vo. Bound in one nice contemporary half calf binding with gilt leather title-label to spine. Published in ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Vol. 26. No. 151-156 offered. Small repair to spine and blind stamped to lower part of title page. Front hindge a bit loose. A fine copy. The Bohr papers: pp. 1-25" pp. 476-502 pp. 857-875. [Moseley:] Pp. 1024-1034. [Entire volume: VIII, 1064 pp.+ 24 plates].‎

‎First edition of Bohr's seminal main work, which constitutes the departure from classical theories to the birth of modern atomic physics" by incorporating Planck's quantum postulate it became possible to calculate the wavelength of the hydrogen emission and thus to explain the regularity of the Balmer-lines. In 1922 Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize ""for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"".""Bohr's three-part paper postulated the existence of stationary states of an atomic system whose behavior could be described using classical mechanics, while the transition of the system from one stationary state to another would represent a non-classical process accompanied by emission or absorption of one quantum of homogeneous radiation, the frequency of which was related to its energy by Planck's equation"" (Norman).In his previous paper (""On the Theory of Decrease of Velocity of Moving Electrified Particles on passing through Matter"") Bohr had adopted Rutherford's nuclear model of the atom, and had become convinced that it was the peripherical electrons that determined the chemical properties of an element, whereas the nucleus determine the radioactive properties. However, Rutherford's model had an apparent explanatory problem: Why were the negatively charged electrons held away from the positive nucleus? In his doctorial dissertation on the electron theory of metals, Bohr had clarified the limitations of this theory, in particular its ability to explain magnetic properties, and he had shown how this arose from the classical nature of some of its foundations. Bohr strongly expected that the key to solving this problem was to be found in some way of introducing Planck's law of quantum action.In the beginning of 1913 Bohr heard about Rydberg's remarkable discovery in spectroscopy. Rydberg's formula could represent the frequencies of the lines of the hydrogen spectrum in the simplest form in terms of two integers. As soon as Bohr saw this formula, he immediately recognized that it gave him the missing clue to the correct way to introduce Planck's law of quantum of action into the description of the atomic systems. The rest of the academic year was spent reconstructing the whole theory upon the new foundation and expounding it in a large treatise, which was immediately published as these three papers in the 'Philosophical Magazine'. It was in these papers that Bohr first gave his postulates of the orbital structure of the electrons and their quantized radiation.Bohr's atomic theory inaugurated two of the most adventurous decades in the history of science. Bohr introduced the following postulates: 1. An electron can revolve about its nucleus only in certain special circular orbits. 2. The ordinary electron revolves about its nucleus in an invariable orbit, without radiating or absorbing energy. 3. Radiation takes place when and only when the electron falls from an orbit with greater energy to one of less energy.""In his great papers of 1913, Bohr presented his theory as being founded upon two postulates, whose formulation he refined in later papers. The first postulate enunciates the existence of stationary states of an atomic system, the behavior of which may be described in terms of classical mechanics" the second postulate states that the transition of the system from one stationary state to another is a nonclassical process, accompanied by the emission or absorption of one quantum of homogeneous radiation, whose frequency is connected with its energy by Planck's equation. As for the principle by which the possible stationary states are selected, Bohr was still very far from a general formulation" indeed, he was keenly aware of the necessity of extending the investigation to configurations other than the simple ones to which he had restricted himself. The search for sufficiently general quantum conditions defining the stationary states of atomic systems was going to be a major problem in the following period of development of the theory."" (DSB).Also contained in the volume is Henry Moseley's famous paper ""The High-Frequency Spectra of the Elements"" in which he ""used the method of X-ray spectroscopy devised by Braggs to calculate variations in the wave length of the rays emitted by each element. These he was able to arrange in a series according to the nuclear charge of each element. [...] It was now possible to base the periodic table on a firm foundation, and to state with confidence that the number of elements up to uranium is limited to 92."" (PMM 407).PMM 411Rosenfeld, Bohr Bibliography No. 6.‎