, Hannibal Books, 2022 Hardcover 300 x 243 mm, 320 pages, ENG/ FR. edition, Fine!. ISBN 9789464366358.
David Claerbout is bekend om zijn video-installaties die hij wereldwijd tentoonstelt. Sinds zijn eerste videowerken midden jaren negentig won zijn werk snel aan complexiteit. De virtuele fotografie deed zijn werk en denken evolueren naar een verregaande synthetische beeldpraktijk die hem op het voorplan van de nieuwe mediakunst heeft geplaatst. Van daaruit ontwikkelde Claerbout een kritiek over de impact van de desintegratie van het vertrouwde fotografische beeld op het niveau van de waarneming en de (zintuiglijke) cognitie en de verregaande sociale en politieke gevolgen. Deze rijk ge llustreerde publicatie presenteert een selectie van werken van de afgelopen tien jaar. In een interview met Jonathan Pouthier, filmcurator voor het Centre Pompidou in Parijs, spreekt David Claerbout voor het eerst in de diepte over deze werken in relatie tot actuele discussies over fotografie, film en het virtuele. De publicatie valt samen met de Bi nnale van Veneti 2022 en solotentoonstellingen in onder meer M nchen, Berlijn, Boedapest en New York. //// Long-awaited monumental monograph on the work of David Claerbout In a conversation with Jonathan Pouthier, curator of the cinema programme of the Mus e National d?Art Moderne, Centre Pompidou (Paris, France), video artist David Claerbout reflects for the first time in depth on his work of the past decade in relation to current discussions about photography, film and the virtual. The Silence of the Lens offers a unique insight into the creative process behind such recent video works as The Close, Aircraft (F.A.L.), Wildfire (meditation on fire), The Confetti Piece and The Pure Necessity. The publication coincides with the Venice Biennale 2022 and solo exhibitions in various cities including Munich, Berlin, Budapest and New York. //// David Claerbout is known for his video installations, which he exhibits worldwide. From the time of his first video works in the mid-1990s, his work rapidly gained in complexity. Virtual photography pushed his work and thinking towards a far-reaching synthetic visual practice that placed him at the forefront of the new media art. From that position, Claerbout developed a critique of the impact of the disintegration of the familiar photographic image at the level of perception and (sensory) cognition and its profound social and political consequences. This richly illustrated publication presents a selection of works from the past ten years. In an interview with Jonathan Pouthier, film curator at the Pompidou Centre in Paris, David Claerbout speaks in depth for the first time about these works in relation to current discussions about photography, film and the virtual. The publication coincides with the Venice Biennale 2022 and solo exhibitions in various cities including Munich, Berlin, Budapest and New York.
, Hannibal Books, 2025 Hardcover- 30 x 24,5 cm, 128 pages, Color illustrations Quadrichromie, Trilingual edition English?Dutch?French. ISBN 9789493416154.
The highly anticipated sequel to The Silence of the Lens by video artist David Claerbout Birdsong brings together three video works by David Claerbout ? The Woodcarver and the Forest, Birdcage and Backwards Growing Tree ? each a meditation on time, perception and the poetics of the natural world. In an era dominated by speed and distraction, Claerbout reclaims the longue dur e, offering a contemplative, detoxed form of filmmaking. Accompanied by a poem by Stefan Hertmans, this volume explores the myths of digitisation, the rhythms of nature, growth and degrowth. Birdsong is a visual journey through the imaging ideas that the artist has developed over the past decade. This publication coincides with Claerbout's exhibition At the window at Gaasbeek Castle.
David Dawson, Joseph Koerner, Jasper Sharp, Sebastian Smeet en Tilda Swindo
Reference : 54118
, Tijdsbeeld-Piece Mont e, 2019 Gebonden, Hardcover 260 x 230 mm, 160 pages, 130 colour illustrations Nederlandstalige uitgave . ISBN 9789490880255.
ALLE zelfportretten van Lucian Freud nu in n boek verzameld. In 1964 gaf Lucian Freud (1922-2011) zijn studenten aan het Norwich College of Art een opdracht: om naakte zelfportretten te schilderen die 'onthullend, sprekend, geloofwaardig ... echt zonder schaamte' waren. Het was een advies dat de kunstenaar zelf later ook zou volgen in zijn vele zelfportretten. Rauw, onversaagd en vaak naakt lezen Freuds zelfportretten als het ware als zijn biografie, en geven zij tegelijk inzicht in de ontwikkeling van zijn stijl als schilder. In de portetten is de kunstenaar steeds overweldigend aanwezig, of hij nu de rechtstreeks de confrontatie met de toeschouwer aangaat, of alleen aanwezig is als een schaduw of in een reflectie. Freud verkende het genre van het zelfportret op tal van onverwachte manieren. Autoriteiten op het gebied van Freuds leven en werk - kunsthistorici n mensen die hem persoonlijk hebben gekend - verkennen Freuds oeuvre en analyseren het belang van zijn zelfportretten. Een gesprek tussen kunsthistoricus Jasper Sharp en de actrice Tilda Swinton gaat in op de intensiteit waarmee Freud het menselijk lichaam bestudeerde - een intensiteit waarvan Swinton een bevoorrecht getuige was, maar die evenzeer gold wanneer Freud zijn eigen lichaam bestudeerde en op doek zette. David Dawson is een schilder en fotograaf en Freuds voormalige studio-assistent. Joseph Koerner is Victor S. Thomas hoogleraar kunst en architectuur aan de universiteit van Harvard. Jasper Sharp is adjunct-curator voor moderne en hedendaagse kunst in het Kunsthistorisches Museum in Wenen. Pulitzer Prize-winnaar en kunstcriticus Sebastian Smee is auteur van The Art of Rivalry: Four Friendships, Betrayals and Throughthroughs in Modern Art (2016). Tilda Swinton is een Oscar-winnende actrice, model en kunstenares. TENTOONSTELLINGEN Londen, Royal Academy of Arts, Londen, 27 oktober 2019-26 januari 2020 Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, 22 februari-25 mei 2020
, Brepols, 2019 Hardback, xiii + 340 pages, Size:152 x 229 mm, Illustrations:3 maps b/w, Language: English. ISBN 9780888442192.
Summary Medieval historians who have explored the abbey of Sithiu (modern Saint-Omer) have often done so to explain the competition between the canons of Saint-Omer and the monks of Saint-Bertin, a rivalry deriving from their shared origins in the abbey of Sithiu. However, David Defries's book centers on the cooperative relationship that developed between the saints Omer and Bertin in the monks' collective memory. Throughout the early Middle Ages, the cults of the abbey's two patron saints shaped the life of the community at Sithiu, and the first four centuries of its development reveal how a group of monks negotiated their place in the larger Christian West, adapting Columbanian and Benedictine identities to fit the relationship they discerned between Omer and Bertin. The evolution of Sithiu's collective memory demonstrates that the methods used in most studies of early medieval collective memory produce a distorted image of the partnership. Historians overwhelmingly assume that collective memory has a narrative structure and that the texts meant to shape its evolution are "historiographic" in form. In contrast, David Defries treats Sithiu's historiography as a type of scriptural exegesis that emphasizes the allegorical levels, especially typology and tropology, of the Christian scriptural hermeneutic. Paradigm, not narration, structured early medieval Christian allegory and thus early medieval collective memory at the abbey. This argument has broad implications for the study of early medieval collective memory. The intellectual culture of Sithiu was typical of the early medieval West, and all the texts considered date between c. 740 and c. 1148, situating them in a period when writers trained in monasteries like Sithiu produced the vast majority of western European literature. From Sithiu to Saint-Bertin may thus be seen as a preliminary case study for the value of paradigmatic approaches to early medieval memory.
, Fonds Mercator 2018, 2018 Hardcover, 240 pages, Texte en Francais, 300 x 250 mm, jaquette, Tres belle exemplaire, illustrations et foto's de couleur, . ISBN 9789462302068.
Victor Horta (1861-1947) est le c l bre cr ateur de l'architecture Art Nouveau. Apr s l'H tel Tassel, Bruxelles, en 1893, Horta a construit plus de 40 immeubles en une d cennie. Ce nouvel ouvrage expose les nombreuses influences qui se sont exerc es sur son ?uvre, ainsi que son h ritage. Les descriptions d taill es de 19 projets, dont le Pavillon Lambeaux, l'H tel Autrique, l'H tel Max Hallet et l'H pital Brugmann, sont illustr es de dessins originaux de Horta et de photographies r alis es sp cialement pour l'occasion par le photographe prim Alastair Carew-Cox, sp cialis en architecture. L'ouvrage comprend en outre de nombreuses photographies de l'H tel Solvay, une des ?uvres majeures de Horta, dont l'acc s, refus aux photographes depuis 20 ans, a t exceptionnellement accord Alastair Carew-Cox au cours de l' t 2016, en reconnaissance de la contribution significative apport e par lui et le Professeur David Dernie l' tude de Horta.
, Brepols, 2022 Hardback, 239 pages, Size:156 x 234 mm, Language: Italian. ISBN 9782503599700.
Summary Le lettere del medico fiorentino Alessandro Pini (1653-1717) e il suo trattato De moribus Turcarum fanno emergere un'immagine avvincente del popolo egiziano e della cultura ottomana. Ci che Pini ha osservato in Egitto e nel mondo ottomano rivela una straordinaria dimensione mediterranea di commistione culturale, fatta di scambi e di incontri scaturiti dalle necessit lavorative e anche dalla semplice quotidianit . Oltre alla missione scientifica ufficiale egli doveva svolgere un'intrigante attivit spionistica per Cosimo III, Granduca di Toscana, in cui si rivel poi fallimentare. Amareggiato e osteggiato per l'insuccesso, pass poi alle dipendenze della Repubblica di Venezia e dimor per vari anni a Istanbul e in Morea, dove senza pregiudizi e con ampiezza di vedute osserv le tradizioni e i costumi dei popoli che incontrava. Decise dunque consapevolmente di scrivere l'esaltazione di un mondo che l'Occidente vedeva come il suo alter ego negativo. Sebbene fosse stato imprigionato nella sua societ di adozione, Pini rimase affascinato, forse anche ipnotizzato, da quello stesso mondo che lo aveva variamente premiato e frustrato sia nel suo lavoro ufficiale che nel suo incarico segreto. TABLE OF CONTENTS Prefazione I. Scienziato e spia ipnotizzato dai turchi Nota al contesto Alessandro Pini, medico e scienziato Livorno-Il Cairo: andata e ritorno Candire la cassia Missione segreta Francesco Redi l'interlocutore Scienziato un po' turista Luoghi santi e non solo Missione fallita Mentre il Turco era a Vienna Ritorno a Livorno Amara delusione Direzione Venezia Medico d'armata a Costantinopoli Destino infame Stregato dai turchi Grazie Antonio II. I costumi dei turchi De moribus Turcarum relatio excellentissimi domini doctoris Alexandri Pini Relazione sui costumi dei turchi dell'eccellentissimo signor dottor Alessandro Pini Educazione e comportamento Urbanistica e pubblica assistenza Abitudini Norme Feste, musica e banchetti Alimentazione Abbigliamento Arredamento e mezzi di trasporto Igiene e separazione dei sessi III. Epilogo - Apologo Fine della storia ? Il fascino dell' autopsia Bibliografia Indici Indice dei nomi Indice dei luoghi e delle cose notevoli
, Brepols, 2024 Paperback, 312 pages, Size:156 x 234 mm, Illustrations:1 b/w, 8 col., Language(s):English, French. ISBN 9782503600765.
Summary This volume explores the reception of biblical figures in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, with a particular focus on Antiquity and incursions in the Middle Ages and modernity. The contributions included here offer a glimpse of the complexity of the mechanics of transmission to which these figures were subjected in extra-biblical texts, either concentrating on one author or corpus in particular, or broadening the scope across time and cultural contexts. The volume intends to shed light on how these biblical figures and their legacies appear as channels of collective memory and identity; how they became tools for authors to achieve specific goals; how they gained new and powerful authority for communities; and how they transcend traditions and cultural boundaries. As a result, the vitality and fluidity of the developments of traditions become clear and prompt caution when using modern categories. TABLE OF CONTENTS Forewords (Eleonora Serra & Philippe Therrien) Quelques notes critiques sur des concepts usuels dans les tudes s mitiques actuelles (David Hamidovi?) The Saga of Noah in Slavonic Parabiblical Writings, Iconography and Oral Tradition (The Case of The Folk Bible) (Florentina Badalanova Geller) No exorciste ? Des traditions m sopotamiennes au juda sme du Second Temple (Eleonora Serra) La figure de Melchis dech Qumr n (Dario Barberis) Moses as King and Commander in the Philonic Life of Moses, between Historiography and Exegesis (Gaetano Spampinato) Fasting, Visions and Prophecy In and Outside the Bible: The Figure of Daniel in Tertullian's De ieiunio adversus psychicos (Maria Dell'Isola) Paideia, Plato's Sophist and the Pseudo-Clementines: Simon Magus' Characterisation in the Pseudo-Clementine Homilies (Benjamin De Vos) Laissons aux h r siologues leurs cat gories . tat des lieux sur les repr sentations de Seth dans la litt rature gnostique (Philippe Therrien) The Creation of a Golem: Theurgy versus Magic in Some Ancient and Medieval Sources (Barbara Henry) A Woman Ruling over Them: The Sheba Myth and the Role of Gender in the Qur'?n and K?br N g st (Rhiannon Garth Jones) Modern Apocrypha as a Cultural Toolbox (Ma?gorzata Jankowska) Index of References
[Hermine DAVID] - / DAVID (Hermine) / - CHOPARD (L.) - BERTIN (L.) - BERLIOZ (J.) - LAURENT (Dr. P.).
Reference : 239
(1942)
Gallimard, Paris, 1942, in-12 (19x12cm), 240pp., reliure 1/2 basane rouge.
Collection "L'Avenir de la Science". Cartes et illustrations. Exemplaire d'Hermine DAVID qui l'a enrichi de 3 dessins à l'encre de chine: 2 grands bouquets de fleurs sur les pages de garde et 1 petit dessin de son chat sur un arbre (page de l'achevé d'imprimer). Hermine DAVID a par ailleurs exécuté une grande planche gravée à l'eau forte (24X30cm), qu'elle a intitulée: "Immigration d'animaux". (avec la planche gravée: 300 Û )
David H Levy Alain Tronchot Gregory Bridges
Reference : 500189345
ISBN : 9782744108280
, TASCHEN , 2020 Hardcover, 15.6 x 21.7 cm, 1.24 kg, 512 pages , English, . ISBN 9783836582490.
A year-by-year journey through the life and work of David Hockney that follows the artist from London in the Swinging Sixties, via Californian swimming pools, to the landscapes of his native Yorkshire. Artworks and biographical text together let the reader take part in Hockney?s artistic research, inspiration, and creation.
, National Portrait Gallery (Thames), 2023 Hardcover, 48 pages, ENG., edition, 275 x 220 mm, full page illustrated coloured portaits. ISBN 9781855145870.
David Hockney: Normandy Portraits accompanies a major exhibition on David Hockney at the National Portrait Gallery, London. It reveals new portraits painted in Hockney's Normandy Studio between 2020 and 2022. David Hockney: Normandy Portraits illustrates around 40 acrylic on canvas works painted by Hockney at his Normandy studio - depicting his friends and visitors, as well as the artist himself. This image-led book product will showcase a series of some previously unseen portraits, through 48 pages, uninterrupted by text, to allow readers to engage directly with the artworks. These works highlight the ongoing importance of portraiture within the artist's practice and demonstrate his sentiment that 'drawings and paintings . are a lot better than photographs to give you a sense of the person'. Hockney returned to painting after an intensive period spent depicting the Normandy landscape using an iPad. The portraits were painted quickly and directly onto the canvas without under drawing. As Hockney has said 'to do a portrait slowly is a bit of a contradiction'.
, Brepols, 2022 Hardback, xii + 272 pages, Size:210 x 270 mm, Illustrations:34 b/w, Language: English. ISBN 9782503600796.
Summary Music in the Disruptive Era contains fifteen essays assessing the impact of today's revolutionary digital technologies on the ways audiences and industry professionals perceive, compose, consume, research, and communicate about music. After an initial assessment of ?the Disruptive Era? in a series of six snapshots offering a summary and review of some of the technological challenges (and opportunities) confronting both music producers and consumers, a group of international scholars considers the impact of the digital era in three major areas. First, there is the revolution in data storage and retrieval, with online archives and other digital resources making an unprecedented volume and diversity of information available to scholars and researchers for the first time ? all from the convenience of a home desktop. Second, three essays assess some of the myriad ways in which composers and music industry professionals have been influenced by the potentialities and discontinuities of the current age to find creative inspiration, attract new audiences, and reimagine traditional musical idioms. Finally, on the cutting edge of the digital divide, scholarly contributors examine two of the countless new genres birthed by the advent of the latest technological innovations: specifically, the ?meme? and the ?video loop.? TABLE OF CONTENTS The Disruptive Era Cande S nchez Olmos & Eduardo Vi uela ? The End of the Amateur Music Video Dream (as We Expected It): From YouTube to TikTok Christine Hine ? Audiences and Self-Calibration in a Digital Society Corinnna Herr ? Classical Musicians on YouTube: Online Performance Practice and the Digital Divide Pedro Buil Tercero ? Disruptive Technology in the Music Industry: Format Crisis and Consumption Habits in Spain in the Digital Age Simon Nugent ? The Inception of 'Time': Film Music and Participatory Culture in the Digital Age Sources and the Digital Nico Sch ler ? Online Research Methods for Rediscovering Forgotten Composers: Using Online Databases and Archives Michael Klaper & Thomas Radecke ? The Weimar Playbill Database, 1754-1990: Scientifically Disseminating Historical Sources of Music- and Theatre-Ephemera Material Online Andreas Helles Pedersen ? On Digital Music History: A Contemplation on Digital Archives and Musical Experience Creation and Musical Performance Joseph Jackson ? Adapting Music Business to the Digital Age: Grime Music, YouTube Algorithms and New Network Cultures Violetta Kostka ? Pawe? Szyma?ski and His Transformation of Musical Conventions Pedro Ord ez Eslava ? Disrupting the duende, from the cuarto to the Web 4.0 New Genres Joana Freitas ? 'Meme Is a New Music Genre': On the Role of Production, Transformation and Circulation of Music in the Digital Culture of Internet Memes Marjolein Wellink ? The Immaterial Record Sleeve? Engaging the Listener with Spotify's 'Canvas' Video Loop Jonas Wolf ? 'Meme Music'? Forms and Formats of Hypermemetics Re-Composition Index of Names
2013, L'Harmattan, in-8 broché de 340 pages, Ni réaction ni révolution, les intellectuels juifs, la critique du progrès et le scrupule de l'histoire | Etat : bon état (Ref.: ref91214)
L'harmattan
, The History Press Ltd 2012, 2012 Paperback, 175 pages, English, 235 x 165 mm, book in perfect condition , with much illustrations in b/w,. ISBN 9780752466125.
J. Samuel White & Company was the oldest firm on the Admiralty List and built 252 ships for the Royal Navy alone. The yard's closure in 1966 ended 300 years of shipbuilding during which time the company had gained acclaim from mercantile and naval customers alike. Famed early on for fast Revenue cutters and naval brigs, in its final years Royal Navy destroyers earned it great distinction. Highly innovative, it developed and patented many pioneering products while other innovations included semi-diesel engines, heat exchangers, air conditioners and compressors, besides a range of marine thruster units. Not only did the company build ships and boats but it also constructed a range of marine aircraft. During the First World War, White's production accounted for 100 ships, including twenty-seven destroyers, and 201 seaplanes. Production during the Second World War added up to 317 ships, among them twenty-six destroyers and a large minelayer. Illustrated with photographs of these and many of the company's other products, this book tells the story of J. Samuel White and its subsidiary concerns, a business built on a reputation of quality which earned it the slogan: White's-built - well-built! .
Famot Famot 1984. In-8 pleine reliure éditeur de 250 pages; Bel exemplaire
Toutes les expéditions sont faites en suivi au-dessus de 25 euros. Expédition quotidienne pour les envois simples, suivis, recommandés ou Colissimo.
, Brepols, 2019 Paperback, 295 pages, Size:178 x 254 mm, Illustrations:2 col., 4 tables b/w., Language: English. ISBN 9782503582221.
Summary The medieval courtly lyric, the site for the first extended literary exercises in Occitan, French, Italian and German, is one of the foundations of how we think about European literature. Since the nineteenth century it has in many accounts underpinned a system of linguistically-informed national traditions. David Murray shows in 'Poetry in Motion' how categorizing poetry under headings like 'French' or 'Italian' poetry can obscure the thinking of medieval poets and scribes about what constituted a language. Rather than existing within a series of rigidly distinct linguistic systems, Murray demonstrates that song moved in a fluid environment where linguistic boundaries could be easily crossed. Aided by its melody, metrical form or quotation in a larger text, a song could travel and elicit meaningful reactions and interactions far from 'home'. Combining literary studies with philology, manuscript studies and musicology, 'Poetry in Motion' shows the truly European reach of song in the Middle Ages. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract Table of Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1: On the Wings of Song: The European Afterlives of Bernart de Ventadorn's 'Can vei la lauzeta mover' Chapter 2: 'Or chanson, puez aler par tout le monde' : Multilingual Lyric and Linguistic Boundaries Chapter 3: Poetry in and out of Context: Quotation and the Value of Lyric Chapter 4: Making a Language for Song: The Lyric Beyond Conclusion: Lyrics, Languages, and Poetic Community in the European Middle Ages Bibliography Index
Paris, Plon, 1977. In-8, cartonnage toilé de l'éditeur, 351 pp.
Photos sur demande.
Flammarion. 2000. In-12. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 312 pages.. . . . Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES
Collection champs université sciences n°3008. Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES
ELSEVIER. 1977. In-8. Relié toilé. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 378 pages. Nombreuses illustrations en noir et blanc, dans le texte.. Avec Jaquette. . . Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES
Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES
Paris. Picard. 1936. In-8 (165 x 250mm) broché, couverture orange imprimée, 25 pages. Bon exemplaire, non coupé.
PRESSES UNIVERSITAIRES DE BORDEAUX. 1952. In-8. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 187 pages - quelques illustrations en noir et blanc dans et hors texte. . . . Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES
Classification Dewey : 500-SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET MATHEMATIQUES
Presses Universitaires de France. 1952. In-12. Broché. Etat d'usage, Tâchée, Coiffe en tête abîmée, Quelques rousseurs. 187 pp., quelques figures noir et blanc, coiffe en pied abîmée, plats salis - 1 PHOTO DISPONIBLE.. . . . Classification Dewey : 570-Sciences de la vie
Classification Dewey : 570-Sciences de la vie
Paris Presse universitaire de France 1952 187p 1 volume In12 broché.Ouvrage orné de figures en noir in-texto.
Presses Universitaires de France - PUF 1952 collection la science vivante. in12. 1952. broché. 183 pages. Très bon état
, Brepols - Harvey Miller, 2023 Hardback, Pages: 376 pages, Size:225 x 300 mm; Illustrations:2 b/w, 357 col. Language(s):English, Italian, Latin. ISBN 9781909400986.
David Rosand's Paolo Veronese is a masterly account of the Venetian painter?s artistic achievement, demonstrating a complete command of the literature and scholarly issues, insightful interpretations of individual paintings and drawings, and a marvelously elegant prose style. Rosand?s reading of each painting judiciously considers how Veronese brought his pictorial intelligence to bear on the formal qualities of his work to create his own personal rhetoric of visual expression, one that embodies the ?dignity and nobility of painting? and resonates with viewers and readers today. Rosand?s arguments are not solely visual, however, but are buttressed by extensive quotations from scripture and textual sources. The author synthesizes decades of research and careful reflection, refining his own approaches, which have themselves stood the test of time. Careful readings of specific paintings, including the celebrated Wedding Feast at Cana, the frescoes at the Villa Barbaro, and the church of San Sebastiano, where Rosand played an integral part in the recent restoration by Save Venice Inc., are all accompanied by lavish illustrations, providing the reader the opportunity to put into practice the author?s conviction that our own responses to paintings will guide their interpretation.