‎Der elektromagnetische Telegraph in den einzelnen Stadien seiner Entwicklung und in seiner gegenwärtigen Ausbildung und Anwendung, nebst einer Einleitung über die optische und akustische Telegraphie und einem Anhange über die elektrischen Uhren. Für F...‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg und Sohn, 1850. Contemp. hcalf., spine gilt and with gilt lettering. A papelabel pasted on upper part of spine. Stamps ontitlepage. XII,368 pp., and 166 fine textillustr. in woodcut.‎

‎First edition. - Poggendorff II: 786.‎

‎Die Spectralanalyse in ihrer Anwendung auf die Stoffe der Erde und die Natur der Himmelskörper. Zweite durchaus umgearbeitete und sehr vermehrte Auflage.‎

‎Braunschweig, Georg Westermann, 1871. Cont. hcalf. Back worn. XVI,619 pp. Many fine textillustrations in woodcut, 4 portrait-plates, 8 plates of which 4 are coloured spectralplates.‎

‎Pushbutton Calling with a Two-Group Voice Frequency Code. - [FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE PUSH-BUTTON TELEPHONE]‎

‎New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, 1960. 8vo. Volume XXXIX (49), January, No. 1, 1960 of ""The Bell System Technical Journal"". Entire issue offered in the original printed blue wrappers. A bit of sunning to spine and previous owner's stamp to top of front wrapper, otherwise a very nice, clean, and fresh copy. Pp. 235-255. [Entire issue: 264 pp.].‎

‎First printing of this seminal paper in which the push-button telephone is first described. Push-button telephony was considered a revolution within telecommunication. It replaced rotary dial telephones that had been in use since 1891 and the technique behind the touch-tone format is today used for all cell phones.The first prototypes were invented in 1941 by the Bell System, these were, however, never fully functional and therefore not brought to the commercial market. The research was shelved during WWII and was not prioritized until later, after the transistor had been developed and tones could be produced with electronic oscillators in the late 1950ies. The first push-button telephone reached the commercial market in 1963, though in the mid 1970ies the majority of phone users still had rotary phones.The issue contains the following papers:1. Feiner, A." Lovell, C.A. Lowry, T.N. Ridinger, P.G. The Ferreed - A New Switching Device. Pp. 1-30.2. James, D.B. Johannesen, J.D. A Remote Line Concentrator for a Time-Separation Switching Experiment. Pp. 31-57.3. Malthaner, W.A. Runyon, J.P. Controller for a Remote Line Concentrator in a Time-Separation Switching Experiment. Pp. 59-86.4. Bakanowski, A.E. Forster, J.H. Electrical Properties of Gold-Doped Diffused Silicon Computer Diodes. Pp. 87-1045. Legg, V.E. Analysis of Quality Factor of Annular Core Inductors. Pp. 105-126.6. Benes, V.E. General Stochastic Processes in Traffic Systems with One Server. Pp. 127-160.7. Unger, Hans-Georg. Round Waveguide with Double Lining. Pp. 161-167.8. Thurmond, C.D. Kowalchik, M. Germanium and Silicon Liquidus Curves. Pp. 169-204.9. Trumbore, F.A. Solid Solubilities of Impurity Elements in Germanium and Silicon. Pp. 205-233. 10. Schenker, L. Pushbutton Calling with a Two-Group Voice-Frequency Code. Pp. 235-255.‎

‎Electromagnetic Induction Phenomena. (Springer Series in Electrophysics, 16) .‎

‎Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, 1986. Orig. cased boards. XI, 296 pp.‎

‎Über den Koeffizienten der inneren Reibung von Reinem Argon und Reinem Helium. Diss.‎

‎ Halle a. S., 1908, 220x140mm, 30Seiten, broschiert. ‎

‎ Pour un paiement via PayPal, veuillez nous en faire la demande et nous vous enverrons une facture PayPal‎

‎Lectures in Statistical Physics , Advanced School for Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Austin, Texas‎

‎Springer-Verlag - Springer , Lecture Notes in Physics Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1974 Book condition, Etat : Très Bon paperback grand In-8 1 vol. - 348 pages‎

‎ Contents, Chapitres : Preface, Contents, vi, Text, 342 pages - Aspects of non-equilibrium Quantum statistical mechanics - Transformation theory and physical particle description of dissipative systems - Kinetic theory of gases in general relativity theory - Computer experiments on self-gravitating systems - Propagation of waves in discrete media, harmonic, anharmonic, and defective - Stochastic behavior in non-linear oscillator systems - Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, dissipative structures, and biological order fine copy‎

‎Uber die Wärmekapazität von Metallen und Metallverbindungen‎

‎Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann 1909 49pp., 24cm., no wrappers, good, [Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde einer Hohen Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität zu Göttingen], W76698‎

‎L'écoulement en conduites des liquides, gaz et vapeurs. Les lois de l'écoulement. La mesure des débits. Deuxième édition.‎

‎ P., Dunod (Bibliothèque Scientifique Belge), 1949, in 12 broché, 254pp. ; 81 figures et un tableau dépliant ; complet du feuillet volant d'errata. ‎

‎PHOTOS sur DEMANDE. ...................... Photos sur demande .......................... ‎

‎Die Landenge von Sues, zur Beurtheilung des Canalprojects und des Auszugs der Israeliten aus Aegypten [Ägypten] nach den aelteren und neueren Quellen dargestellt.‎

‎Leipzig, Wilhelm Engelmann, 1858, in-8°, XVI + 202 S. + 1 Bl.: Verb. und Zusätze + 6 Tafeln (davon 5 gef.) + 1 gef. farb. Karte des nordöstlichen Aegypten. Ordentliches nur am Anfang etwas stockfleckiges Ex., Hlwd. Titelei in Gold.‎

‎The quantum mehanical Three-body problem‎

‎Pergamon press. 1974. In-8. Relié. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 217 pages.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Etiquette sur coiffe en pied. Tampon bibliothèque. Texte écrit en anglais. Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Handbuch der Naturlehre zum Gebrauch für Vorlesungen. 1.-2. Abtheilung.‎

‎Giessen und Darmstadt, 1801-03. Contemp. blue boards. Spine a bit rubbed. VIII,738,(4) pp. Missing the 2 plates and 1 map in the second part.‎

‎Poggendorff II, 816.‎

‎Hand=und Lehr=Buch der Naturlehre zum Gebrauche für Vorlesungen und zum eignen Studium neu entworfen.‎

‎Giessen, G.F. Heyer, 1826. Contemp. hcalf. Back gilt. X,684 pp. and 13 folded engraved plates. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎Über die Emanation des Phosphors.‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1903). 8vo. No wrappers. Extracted from ""Annalen der Physik"" Vierte Folge. Bd. 10. Entire issue no. 4 offered. Pp. 704-729 [Entire issue: Pp. 673-896.].‎

‎First appearance of Schmidt's paper on the emanation of phosphorus.""In 1900 Schmidt became professor ordinarius of physics at the Forstakademie in Eberswalde but soon moved to Erlangen as professor extraordinarius (1901-1904). He then went to Königsberg as professor ordinarius and director of the physical institute (1904-1908) and finally to Münster, where he occupied the chair once held by Hittorf, whom Schmidt admired and commemorated in several addresses. Schmidt retired from this post in 1935.During these years, Schmidt studied canal-ray and cathode-ray phenomena, the electrical conductivity of salt vapors, solid electrolytes, adsorption, passivity, and luminescence. He was unusually vigorous and healthy until the last year of his life, when he fractured his hipbone and was hospitalized. Shortly after he was released, he suffered a stroke and died.""(DSB)‎

‎Allgemeinfassliche Lehren und Experimente der Physik. (Ein gemeinnussiges und unterhaltendes Lehrbuch fur alle Diejenigen, welche nur wenige oder gar keine mathematischen Kenntnis befitzen). Zweiter Teil: Physikalische Experimente und Beluftigungen (mit X lithographirten Tafeln)‎

‎Ilmenau, Bernh.Fr.Boigt 1831 xxxxiv + 596pp.+ 10 enfolding plates (some traces of humidity), foxing in text, halfleather (title & decorations in gilt, on back), VG‎

‎3C 273: A Star-like Object with Large Red-shift. - [THE DISCOVERY OF QUASARS]‎

‎(London, Macmillan & Co., 1963). Royal8vo. As extracted from ""Nature"", Vol. 197, 1963. Fine and clean copy. P. 1040. [Entire offered pages: 1033-1134 pp].‎

‎First publication of the very first observation of a quasar. ""The nature of the quasars remained a mystery, but the discovery of this very bright example enabled Maarten Schmidt to obtain a high-quality optical spectrum of 3C 272 with the Palomar two-hundred-inch telescope, in California. Maarten Schmidt's elucidation of its nature opened completely new perspectives for astronomy and high-energy astrophysics"" (A Century of Nature). A quasar (quasi-stellar radio source) is a very energetic and distant active galactic nucleus. Quasars are extremely luminous and were first identified as being high redshift sources of electromagnetic energy, including radio waves and visible light, that were point-like, similar to stars, rather than extended sources similar to galaxies.This volume of Nature also contains three other seminal papers on 3C 273: J. B. Okie's ""Absolute Energy Distribution in the Optical Spectrum of 3C 273" Jesse L. Greenstein and Thomas A Matthew's Red Shift of the Unusual Radio Source 3C 48" and C. Hazard, M. B. Mackey, and A. J. Shimmin's Investigation of the Radio Source 2C 273 by the Method of Lunar Occulations.""‎

‎Albert Gockel et la découverte du rayonnement cosmique (A. Gockel 1860-1927 Prof. de physique à l’univ. de Fribourg Suisse 1903 à 1927). Discours universitaires N° 47.‎

‎Fribour, Eds. Univ., 1990, in-8vo, frontispice portrait + 40 p., brochure originale.‎

‎Instruments in Art and Science - On the Architectonics of Cultural Boundaries in the 17th Century - Theatrum Scientarium English Edition, volume 2‎

‎Walter de Gruyter , Theatrum Scientarium Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 2008 Book condition, Etat : Très bon hardcover, editor's red printed binding, illustrated by a black and white figure fort et grand In-8 1 vol. - 602 pages‎

‎a few black and white text-figures 1st edition, 2008 "Contents, Chapitres : Editor's Preface, Contents, Introduction, xxvii, Text, About the Authors, Image Credits, Bibliography, Index of names, Index of subjects, 575 pages -Introduction : The hand as "" instrumentum instrumentorum "" - Intersections : Some thoughts on instruments and objects in the experimental context of the life sciences - Representation and distortion : On the construction of rationality and irrationality in early modern modes of representation - World orders and corporal worlds : Robert Fludd's tableau of knowing and its representation - Telescope, theater, and the instrumental revelation of new worlds - The pathos of function : Leonardo's technical drawings - "" Il pennello artificioso "" : On the intelligence of the Brushstroke - The enlightenment "" catholization "" of projective technology : Theurgy and the media origins of Art - The machine as spectacle : Function and admiration in seventeenth-century perspectives on machines - The antomy of the brain as instrumentalization of reason - The ""chymistry laboratory"" : On the function of the experiment in seventeenth-century scientific discourse - The order of knowledge, of instruments, and of Leiden University, ca. 1700 - The ideal musaeum Kircherianum and the ignatian - Organology : The study of muscial instruments in the 17th century - In sound similar to the harps : Early descriptions of african musical instruments - Machines, bats, and scholars : Experimental knowledge in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries - Scientific coordination as ethos and epistemology - Breaking, grinding, burning : Instrumental aspects in early microscopical pictures - The instrument in the image : Revealing and concealing the condition of the probing tip in scanning tunneling microscopic image design - Formal signs and numerical computation : Between intuitionism and formalism. Critique of computational reason - Art precedes science : Or did the camera obscura invent modern science ? - Instrumentalities of place in science and art - The eye opens, the lamp goes out : Remarks on Bergson and cinematography - The illusion of power : central bank money - The productivity of blanks : On the mathematical zero and the vanishing point in central perspective. Remarks on the convergences between science and art in the early modern period - Instrumental sound and ruling spaces of resonance in the early modern period : On the acoustic setting of princely potestas claims within a ceremonial frame" near fine copy, no markings‎

‎INITIATION A LA PRATIQUE DES RECPETION A TRANSISTORS / QUATRIEME EDITION.‎

‎RADIO. 1973. In-4. Broché. Etat d'usage, Couv. légèrement passée, Dos satisfaisant, Fortes mouillures. 132 pages illustrées de nombreuses figures et photos en noir et blanc dans le texte - Mouillures sans conséquence sur la lecture.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎ Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Energieaustausch nach der Wellenmechanik.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1927. 8vo. Bound in recent full black cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 83. Entire band 83 offered. Small library stamp to title page and library cards pasted on to front free end-papers. Otherwise fine and clean. Pp. 956-68. [Entire volume: VIII, 1224 pp. + 9 plates.].‎

‎First printing of Schroedinger's important paper which preceded the great work by von Neumann (November 1927) connecting thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. Von Neumann showed, in a paper published 1927, how generalized infinite-dimensional Euclidean spaces (function spaces) and linear operators provide the proper mathematical framework for quantum mechanics. ‎

‎Energieaustausch nach der Wellenmechanik.‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1927. 8vo. Bound in full cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Band 83. Entire band 83 offered. Library stamps to front free end-papers. Fine and clean. Pp. 956-68. [Entire volume: VIII, 1224 pp. + 9 plates.].‎

‎First printing of Schroedinger's important paper which preceded the great work by von Neumann (November 1927) connecting thermodynamics and quantum mechanics. Von Neumann showed, in a paper published 1927, how generalized infinite-dimensional Euclidean spaces (function spaces) and linear operators provide the proper mathematical framework for quantum mechanics. ‎

‎Statistical Thermodynamics. Course of Seminar Lectures. Delivered in January - March 1944, at the School of Theoretical Physics. - [A UNIFIED STANDARD METHOD OF DEALING WITH STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS]‎

‎Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1944. 4to. Original pre-publication typescript, hectographt print, printed on rectos only. In original red printed wrappers with black cloth spine. Paley Johanson's copy, with his owner's name and inscription to top of front wrapper: Paley Johnson/ Dept. of Colloid Science/ Free School Lane/ Cambridge"". A few smaller nicks and creases to front wrapper, otherwise a fine clean copy. (2), 135 ff.‎

‎Scarce pre-publication typescript, with an excellent provenance, of Schrödinger's important attempt at developing a simple, unified standard method of dealing with all cases of statistical thermodynamics, developed in his seminar lectures of the Dublin institute for advanced studies in January - March 1944. A very small edition of the lectures was published in hectograph form by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies [offered item]. In 1952 the first public printing, differing a bit from the hectograph printing, of the lectures appeared - in a book of the same title. That highly popular book was printed in large numbers. ""The idea of this seminar is to develop briefly one simple, unified standard method, capable of dealing, without changing the fundamental attitude, with ALL cases (classical, quantum, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac, etc.) and with every new problem that may turn up. The interest is focused on the general procedure, and examples are dealt with as illustrations thereof. Not a first introduction for new-comers to the subject is intended, rather a 'repetitorium'. The wording is extremely shortened about well-known stories to be found in every one of a hundred text-books, but more extended on some vital points, usually passed over in all but large monographs (as Fowler's and Tolman's)There is, essentially, only one problem in statistical thermodynamics: the distribution of a given amount of energy E over N identical systems..."" (From the General Introduction by Schrödinger, f. 1).It is in the course of the present lectures that Schrödinger explains why he thought the Boltzmann counting method not be appropriate. Furthermore, Schrödinger here distinguishes himself from his 1925-6 publications on the same subject by presenting (1) the complete relinquishment of the concept of wave packets, and (2) the exclusive stress put on the field quantization formalism which, for all statistical purposes, is equivalent to Schrödinger's initial quantized matter wave model. ""A very small edition of these lectures was published in hectograph by the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. It is hoped that the present edition, for which the text has been slightly revised, may reach a wider circle of readers. (Initiating Note in the second edition of the book). PALEY JOHNSON (1917-2011) was a famous colloid scientist, in the field of which he became a world authority, focusing on the physical properties of biological macromolecules in solution. Having won a place at Trinity College Cambridge and gone on to make a PhD there, he went on to the Royal Institution in London, where, along with Albert Alexander, he produced a comprehensive two-volume Oxford University Press monograph on Colloid Science, which, for nearly half a century, remained the authoritative text in the field, and is still a valuable reference source, even today. Primarily in recognition of this, along with other achievements, the University subsequently awarded Paley the distinction of an ScD degree. In 1950, he returned to Free School Lane to take up an academic post at the Colloid Science Laboratory.""Paley was first and foremost an experimentalist, one of the best, and his attention turned to physical techniques for solving biological problems - to two techniques in particular, of which he became the master and a world authority. One was the analytical Utracentrifuge. [...] Paley found a completely new application for this technique in the characterization of gels, gelatin and other jelly-like materials. One of the present world leaders in colloid science, Professor Helmut Colfen at the University of Konstanz in Germany, comments on this work on gel analysis in the analytical ultracentrifuge: ""Paley did the first systematic analyses of gel systems in the centrifuge which was highly pioneering work since up to then, only solutions or dispersions of particles had been investigated. He found that the behaviour of a gel in the centrifuge was fundamentally different from a solution or dispersion and established the theory describing this. He was thus the first one to accurately describe the behaviour of gels in the centrifugal field and laid the foundations for the analysis and understanding of the important class of materials known as hydrogels, crucial for their application in food and biopharmaceuticals.""The other technique which became Paley's trademark was light scattering of macromolecular dispersions - a technique requiring meticulous attention to detail. Without that attention, as Paley would say, ""experiments were not useful"". In his own research and publications, he did a lot to establish good practice, giving detailed procedures for achieving this, and was very critical of other studies where this attention to detail was not followed or shortcuts had been taken. [...] Colloid science at Cambridge and Paley Johnson were almost synonymous."" (Steve Harding, Obituary in The Biochemical society, december 2011).Colloid Science, with its study of large molecules, is a bridge building subject lying at the boundary of a number of disciplines, physical chemistry, biology and mathematics. It's results are important and beneficiel in a large number of fields. During the War Paley worked in the colloid laboratory collaborating with others on various projects: the development of incendiary mixtures and the use of cellulose nitrate in making cordite for rockets" the use of detergents in lubrication the use of synthetic polymers in warfare. He also had a wartime research Fellowship sponsored by ICI looking at an interest, which remained a serious study, the use of the protein in peanut butter. ‎

‎Über die Leitung der Elektrizität auf der Oberfläche von Isolatoren an feuchter Luft (mit 3 Textfiguren) (Vorgelegt an der Sitzung am 30. Juni 1910). [In. Sitzungsberichte der keiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlic... - [SCHRÖDINGER'S FIRST PUBLICATION]‎

‎Wien, 1910. Entire volume present: 8vo. Uncut and unopened in the orig. printed wrappers. A bit of brwonspotting and soiling, but in all a very good and well preserved copy. Pp. 1215-1222. Entire volume: (2) pp., pp. 1057-1379, (3, -blank), 4 (table of contents, on different, very thin paper) pp.‎

‎First edition of Schrödinger's dissertation, his first printed work, ""On the Conduction of Electricity on the Surface of Insulators in Moist Air.""In 1907, Schrödinger began attending lectures in theoretical physics at the University of Vienna. This was Schrödinger's third semester, but theoretical physics had been closed down at the university for two years after of Boltzmann's death. Haselörhl became the new professor and Schrödinger appreciated his lectures on theoretical physics so much that he attended them five days a week for eight semesters in a row. In 1910 Schrödinger received the doctorate under Haselöhrl for the present work.At the time when Schrödinger worked on the present treatise, electrical insulation in instruments for the measurement of radioactivity and ionization played an important role in experimental physics. Almost all of the work was done in the department of Franz Exner and the experiments were carried out in the small laboratory that he shared with Jakob Salpeter. The work is centered around a set of electrical measurements that are designed to show the effects of moist air on the conductivity of solid insulators such as amber, glass, sulfur, ebonite etc. The work is considered as showing Schrödinger's excellent experimental abilities, but he is criticized with lacking theoretical content. He also neglected to carry out a control experiment to prove his assumption that the effects of the moist air on the conductivity of the insulators was restricted to the surface, and he didn't mention the temperature at which his measurements were made. However, his practical work with these insulating solids did prove to be of great importance" they were the basis of his important survey of dielectricity that he completed in 1814. The work was presented at a meeting of the Vienna Academy of Sciences on June 30th, 1910, and this was the first time that Schrödinger delivered a report on his own research work to fellow scientists. The dissertation was published a few weeks later in the proceedings of the Academy, and this was Schrödinger's first publication.The Austrian physicist Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (1887 -1961) is widely renowned for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the Schrödinger equation, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1933.‎

‎Are there Quantum Jumps ?. Part I-II.‎

‎Edinburgh, Nelson and Sons, 1952-53. 8vo. Contemp. hcloth. Tome-and titlelabels with gilt lettering. In: ""The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science"", Vol. III (May 1952 to February 1953). XIV,394 pp. Entire volume offered. Stamps to foot of titlepage and a few other pages. Schrödinger's papers: pp. 109-123 a. 233-242. Clean and fine.‎

‎First printing of these importent papers on the philosophy of Quantum physics. ""If we have to go on with these damned quantum jumps, then I'm sorry that I ever got involved."" (E.Schrodinger).""In it he contrasts the smooth evolution of the Schrodinger wavefunction with the erratic behaviour of the picture by which the wavefunction is usually supplemented, or 'interpreted', in the minds of most physicists. He objects in particular to the notion of 'stationary states', and above all to 'quantum jumping' between those states. He regards these concepts as hangovers from the old Bohr quantum theory, of 1913, and entirely unmotivated by anything in the mathematics of the new theory of 1926. (J.S. Bell).‎

‎Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik I-III [All]. (The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics). - [SCHRÖDINGER'S CAT]‎

‎Springer, Berlin, 1935. 4to. (256x186mm). Pages 807-812 823-828" 844-849 from volume 23 of 'Die Naturwissenschaften'. Bound together in recent attractive marbled boards (Hanne Jensen). Leather title with gilt lettering on front board. A fine and clean copy.‎

‎First edition and first announcement of Schrödinger's famous reply to the EPR-paradox (also known as Schrödinger's Cat). When in May 1935 Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen published the so-called EPR-paper in ""Physical Review"", they set out to demonstrate that the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics could not constitute a complete description of nature. The EPR-article prompted a number of responses, e.g. from Bohr, the co-founder of the Copenhagen School, who began writing his response immediately after the publication of the Physical Review article. It is this debate that Schrödinger participates in with his seminal paper on ""The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics"", in which he presents what is now famously known as Schrödinger's Cat. Schrödinger's Cat is the name of the thought experiment that Schrödinger develops in this article and that was intended as a discussion of the EPR article.After the publication of the EPR article, Einstein and Schrödinger had begun an exchange of letters on the subject of the possibility of quantum mechanics, as interpreted by the Copenhagenists, representing reality. During this exchange of letters, Schrödinger had been inspired by Einstein's view of the problem of applying the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum mechanics to everyday objects. But Schrödinger, in his response, took his illustration of the absurdity of the interpretation and the incompleteness of quantum mechanics a step further" he applied it to a living entity, namely a cat. Schrödinger imagines a sealed box containing a cat, a bottle of poison, a radioactive source, a Geiger counter and a hammer. When the Geiger counter detects radiation, a mechanism is switched on that makes the hammer fall the hammer breaks the bottle, and the poison kills the cat. Because it is random, when the Geiger counter will detect radiation, and because in Quantum mechanics, physical conditions are described with the aid of a wave-function that explains all possible conditions of the system, Quantum mechanics, according to the Copenhagen interpretation, would come to the conclusion that the cat in the box is both living and dead, at the same time (the wave function is made up of a superposition of the two conditions -the cat being living and the cat being dead-" the two positions collapse into one, as soon as the system is interpreted as consisting of only one condition -either dead or living cat-, with the sole possible conclusion that the cat is both). Due to Heisenberg and Bohr's independent interpretation of Quantum theory (the ""Copenhagen interpretation), Quantum theory had in 1927 developed in a direction unforeseen by Schrödinger. ""Schrödinger was ""concerned and disappointed"" that this ""transcendental, almost physical interpretation of the wave phenomena"" had become the ""almost universally accepted dogma."""" (D.S.B. XII, p. 221). His most famous and widely used attack on this interpretation was that of ""Schrödinger's Cat"". This paradox of the dead-and-alive cat vigorously illustrated the absurdity of quantum mechanics and what was necessary to describe the states within this system. The thought experiment of Schrödinger's cat turned out to be hugely influential, and has become a standard paradox within both physics and philosophy.‎

‎Die gegenwärtige Situation in der Quantenmechanik I-III [All]. (The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics). - [SCHRÖDINGER'S CAT]‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1935. Royal8vo. Bound in recent half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Die Naturwissenschaften"", Vol 23, 1935. Minor wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Pp. 807-812" Pp. 823-828" Pp. 844-849. [Entire volume: XIX, (1), 870, 8 pp.].‎

‎First edition and first announcement of Schrödinger's famous reply to the EPR-paradox, arguably the most celebrated and influential illustration of the paradoxes of quantum theory also known as Schrödinger's Cat. When in May 1935 Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen published the so-called EPR-paper in ""Physical Review"", they set out to demonstrate that the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics could not constitute a complete description of nature. The EPR-article prompted a number of responses, e.g. from Bohr, the co-founder of the Copenhagen School, who began writing his response immediately after the publication of the Physical Review article. It is this debate that Schrödinger participates in with his seminal paper on ""The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics"", in which he presents what is now famously known as Schrödinger's Cat. Schrödinger's Cat is the name of the thought experiment that Schrödinger develops in this article and that was intended as a discussion of the EPR article.After the publication of the EPR article, Einstein and Schrödinger had begun an exchange of letters on the subject of the possibility of quantum mechanics, as interpreted by the Copenhagenists, representing reality. During this exchange of letters, Schrödinger had been inspired by Einstein's view of the problem of applying the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum mechanics to everyday objects. But Schrödinger, in his response, took his illustration of the absurdity of the interpretation and the incompleteness of quantum mechanics a step further" he applied it to a living entity, namely a cat. Schrödinger imagines a sealed box containing a cat, a bottle of poison, a radioactive source, a Geiger counter and a hammer. When the Geiger counter detects radiation, a mechanism is switched on that makes the hammer fall the hammer breaks the bottle, and the poison kills the cat. Because it is random, when the Geiger counter will detect radiation, and because in Quantum mechanics, physical conditions are described with the aid of a wave-function that explains all possible conditions of the system, Quantum mechanics, according to the Copenhagen interpretation, would come to the conclusion that the cat in the box is both living and dead, at the same time (the wave function is made up of a superposition of the two conditions -the cat being living and the cat being dead-" the two positions collapse into one, as soon as the system is interpreted as consisting of only one condition -either dead or living cat-, with the sole possible conclusion that the cat is both). Due to Heisenberg and Bohr's independent interpretation of Quantum theory (the ""Copenhagen interpretation), Quantum theory had in 1927 developed in a direction unforeseen by Schrödinger. ""Schrödinger was ""concerned and disappointed"" that this ""transcendental, almost physical interpretation of the wave phenomena"" had become the ""almost universally accepted dogma."""" (D.S.B. XII, p. 221). His most famous and widely used attack on this interpretation was that of ""Schrödinger's Cat"". This paradox of the dead-and-alive cat vigorously illustrated the absurdity of quantum mechanics and what was necessary to describe the states within this system. The thought experiment of Schrödinger's cat turned out to be hugely influential, and has become a standard paradox within both physics and philosophy.‎