‎Probabilités et statistiques. ‎

‎Presses polytechniques romandes, 1985, in-8vo, XI + 153 p., nombreux passages marqués au stabylo, brochure originale.‎

‎Elements of differentiable and dynamics bifurcation theory Sommaire: Differential dynamical systems; Bifurcations; Appendices.‎

‎Academic press. 1989. In-8. Relié. Très bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 187 pages augmentées de quelques figures en noir et blanc dans texte.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Etiquette sur coiffe en pied. Tampon bibliothèque. Texte écrit en anglais. Sommaire: Differential dynamical systems; Bifurcations; Appendices. Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎SOYONS FORTS - MANUEL DE CULTURE PHYSIQUE POUR HOMMES, DAMES ET ENFANTS‎

‎ 1944 ELCE - PHYSIS. 1944. In-8. Broché. Etat d'usage, Couv. légèrement passée, dos abîmé avec manques, Intérieur frais. 168 pages augmentées de nombreuses illustrations en noir et blanc dans et hors texte ,complet du grand tableau dépliant de 92 exexrcices in fine,illustrations de Delarue-Nouvellière - figures et dessins de B. Hennegart.‎

‎ Remise de 20% pour toutes commandes égales ou supérieures à 200 €‎

‎Physique, seconde C & moderne.‎

‎Delagrave.. 1947. In-8. Cartonnage d'éditeurs. Bon état, Couv. légèrement passée, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 399 pages, illustrations noir et blanc in texte.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎Conforme aux nouveaux programmes de l'enseignement secondaire du 15 septembre 1945. Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎LE PROBLEME DE PHYSIQUE AUX CONCOURS D'ENTREE DES GRANDES ECOLES DEPUIS 1925‎

‎LIBRAIRIE DELAGRAVE. 1942. In-8. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 272 pages. Quelques schémas en noir et blanc dans le texte. Couverture muette.. . . . Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎ Classification Dewey : 530-Physique‎

‎PHYSIQUE. SECONDE C ET MODERNE‎

‎ Delagrave 1946, In-12 Delagrave 1946, In-12 cartonnage éditeur. 399 pages. Trés bon état.‎

‎ Toutes les expéditions sont faites en suivi au-dessus de 25 euros. Expédition quotidienne pour les envois simples, suivis, recommandés ou Colissimo. ‎

‎An Inquiry concerning the Weight ascribed to Heat. Read before the Royal Society May 2, 1799.‎

‎London, Davis, (1799-1800). 8vo. Contemp. blue boards. Titlelabel with gilt lettering. Spine slightly rubbed. In: ""The Philosophical Magazine. By Alexander Tilloch"", Vol. V. - VI,422,4 pp. and 7 engraved plates. (Entire voulume offered). Rumford's paper: pp. 162-174. (November 1799). Internally clean.‎

‎Rumford's paper was published the same year in ""Philosophical Transactions"". His experiments with heat tried to show that heat is not a material substance, are famous episodes in the history of physics as they gave the death blow to the so-called caloric theory of heat.The volume contains also WILLIAM HERSCHEL ""On the nature and Construction of the Sun and Fixed Stars"", pp. 114-123 a. 222-232, originally published in the ""Transactions"" in 1794.‎

‎An Account of a curious Phenomenon observed on the Glaciers of Chamouny" together with some occasional Observations concerning the Propagation of Heat in Fluids. Read December 15, 1803.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1804). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1804 - Part I. Pp. 23-29.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Rumford describes the observations performed on an excursion together with Pictet to the Glaciers of Chamouny where they observed the Sea of Ice (Mer de Glace). Here, and before making ‘direct experiments’ Rumford observed the melting ice and commented: ""I have ascribed the melting of the ice below the surface of the ice-cold water to currents of water slightly warmer, and consequently slightly heavier, which descend from the surface to the bottom of the ice-cold water"". ‎

‎An Account of a curious Phenomenon observed on the Glaciers of Chamouny" together with some occasional Observations concerning the Propagation of Heat in Fluids. Read December 15, 1803.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1804). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1804 - Part I. Pp. 23-29.‎

‎First printing of the paper in which Rumford describes the observations performed on an excursion together with Pictet to the Glaciers of Chamouny where they observed the Sea of Ice (Mer de Glace). Here, and before making ‘direct experiments’ Rumford observed the melting ice and commented: ""I have ascribed the melting of the ice below the surface of the ice-cold water to currents of water slightly warmer, and consequently slightly heavier, which descend from the surface to the bottom of the ice-cold water"". ‎

‎An Enquiry concerning the Nature of Heat, and the Mode of its Communication. Read february 2, 1804.‎

‎(London, W. Bulmer and Co., 1804). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1804 - Part I. Pp. 77-182 and 2 engraved plates (showing his experimental apparatus). First and last leaves with some faint browning and brownspots. The plates with some browspots, mainly to margins. Wide-margined.‎

‎First appearance of Rumford's second large paper on the mechanical equivalent of heat, in which he owerthrows the caloric theory. Rumford's early papers were importent steps towards the conception of the principle of the ""Conservation of Energy"" and the thermodynamical laws.""The importence of this investigation here entered into, - inasmuch as it applies to most of the operations of nature as well as art, - appears so manifest, that we shall not recapitulate what the author advances on the subject. before he proceeds to the details of his experiments for the purpose oof computing the emissions of heat from various bodies under a variety of circumstances, he finds it necessary to prmise a minute description of the principal part of the apparatus he contrived for the purpose...""(Abstract).In his famous paper of 1798 ""An Inquiry Concerning the Source of Heat Which is Exicited by Friction"" showed that heat is a form of motion and not a substance as it was seen in the 18th century.""He had been lead to the hypothesis that friction is an inexhaustable source of heat while considering the boring of a canon at Munich's military arsenal and had proceeded to experiment with brass guns at the arsenal. The experiments confirm the hypothesis, justifying his conclusion that heat is not a material substance as others had believed. He goeson to equate heat to motion.""(Parkinson in ""Breakthroughs"" 1798 P.)‎

‎Beyträge zur Lehre von der Wärme in physikalisher und ökonomischer Rücksicht.‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1800) Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 3, Drittes Stück. (The entire issue offered). Pp. 257-376 a. 3 folded engraved plates. Rumford's paper: 257-376.‎

‎First appearance in German of selected papers from Rumford's Experimental Essays on heat, describing smoky fireplaces and his design of more efficient fireplaces using radiant heat better. He discovers that mat surfaces radiate heat better than shiny ones etc. etc.‎

‎Bemerkungen über dias eigenthümliche Gesetz, wonach erkaltendes Wasser nahe beim Frostpunkte seine Dichtigkeit ändert, und über die auffallenden Wirkungen dieses Gesetzes in der Oekonomie der Natur, sammt Vermuthungen über die Endursache der Salzigkei...‎

‎(Halle, Rengerschen Buchhandlung, 1799). Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik. Herausgegeben von Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 1 Viertes Stück und Bd. 2, Drittes Stück. (The entire issues offered). Pp. 379-518 a. 2 folded engravd plates + pp. 249-368 a. 2 folded engraved plates. Rumford's papers: pp. 436-463 a. pp. 249-286.‎

‎First German editions of Rumford's central essays on heat flows in liquids, describing his DISCOVERY OF THE CONVECTION OF HEAT and his experiments that led to his theory of the CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE OCEAN. The papers appeared originally in the Philosophical Transactions in 1798.‎

‎"Formules empiriques, détermination des constantes par les différences finies et la méthode des moindres carrés; interpolation; intégration numérique, etc. Collection : Monographies de mathématiques supérieures, pures et appliquées."‎

‎Paris, Librairie Joseph Gibert, 1935. "17 x 25, 133 pp., quelques figures, broché, état moyen (couverture défraîchie; 1 cachet d'ex-propriétaire)."‎

‎Das Elektronenmikroskop (+) Die elektronenmikroskopische Abbildung elektronenbestrahlter Obberflächen (+) Zur Fokussierbarkeit von Kathodenstrahlbündeln grosser Ausgangsquerschnitte. - [NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS IN 1986. THE NOBEL PRIZE COMMITTEE: ""ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT INNOVATIONS OF THE 20TH CENTURY""]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932 & 1933. 8vo. In two half cloth bindings with gilt lettering to spines. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"". Vol. 78, 1932 & Vol. 83, 1933. Library stamp to free front end-paper and title-pages. A nice and clean set. (Vol. 78:) Pp. 318-339" (Vol. 83:] [Entire volumes: VII, 857 pp." VIII, 845 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Ruska and Knoll's two seminal papers which constitute the first theoretical and practical description of an electron microscope. This invention allowed researchers for the first time to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom. Not only did the discovery have profound influence on physics, it also revolutionized biological research, as it now became possible to distinguish individual molecules. Ruska received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1986 for his discovery regarding the electron microscope, which by the Committee was described ""as one of the most important innovations of the 20th century"".In 1933 the theoretical description presented in the present paper [1932] led Ruska to build a two-stage electron microscope with a resolution exceeding that of the optical microscope [described in the 1932 paper]. The technique behind it is largely built upon de Broglie's revolutionary theory regarding the wavelength of electrons. In 1931, working closely with Knoll, Ruska built the first electron lens, an electromagnet that could focus a beam of electrons, as if it were light. Using several such lenses, he was able to construct a prototype of an electron microscope, though with only the ability to magnify a meager 17 times. Yet, he had proven that the task was possible and he continued to improve his design. By 1933, Ruska's electron microscope, termed a transmission microscope, was much more powerful. The instrument worked by passing electrons through a thin slice of the specimen to be studied, which were then deflected to a photographic film emulsion or projected onto a fluorescent screen, generating an image at high magnification. In fact, the device was capable of magnifying specimens up to 10 times more than a contemporary light microscope.To build a commercial version of his microscope, Ruska was forced to briefly leave the academic world and delve into private industry. He joined the Siemens Company as an electrical engineer in 1937 and the company released its first marketable electron microscope, based on Ruska's design, in 1939.The volume contains many important contributions to 20th century physics, among others: Heisenberg, W. Über den Bau der Atomkerne. II. Pp. 156-64: This is the second paper in a series of three which presents Heisenberg's neutron-proton model. Shortly after Chadwick discoverd the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons, this introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin. (DSB 17: p.398). ‎

‎Das Elektronenmikroskop. - [INVENTION OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE - NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSICS 1986]‎

‎Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932. 8vo. Bound in a contemporary half cloth. In ""Zeitschrift für Physik"". Library stamp to free front end-paper and title-page. A nice and clean copy. Pp. 318-339. [Entire volume: VII, 857 pp.].‎

‎First printing of Ruska and Knoll's seminal paper in which the first description of an electron microscope appears. This allowed researchers for the first time to view objects as small as the diameter of an atom. Not only did the discovery have profound influence on physics, it also revolutionized biological research, as it now became possible to distinguish individual molecules. Ruska received the Nobel Prize in physics in 1986 for his discovery regarding the electron microscope.In 1933 the theoretical description presented in the present paper led Ruska to build a two-stage electron microscope with a resolution exceeding that of the optical microscope. The technique behind is largely built upon de Broglie's revolutionary theory regarding the wavelength of electrons. The volume contains many important contributions to 20th century physics, among others: Heisenberg, W. Über den Bau der Atomkerne. II. Pp. 156-64: This is the second paper in a series of three which presents Heisenberg's neutron-proton model. Shortly after Chadwick discoverd the neutron in 1932, Heisenberg developed a theory suggesting that atomic nuclei are composed of protons and neutrons, this introduced the concept of the nuclear exchange force and isotopic spin. (DSB 17: p.398). ‎

‎A Treatise on the Theory of Alternating Currents. 2 Volumes. (Vol. one in second edition).‎

‎Cambrige, niversity Press, 1914-06. 2 orig. full cloth with gilt lettering. XIV,534XII,488 pp., textfigs.‎

‎The analysis of matter.‎

‎London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & CO. Ltd, / New York, Harcourt, Brace & Company, Inc., 1927, in-8vo, VIII + 408 + 14 p., quelques taches sur les bords des premières pages et la tranche du livre, reliure en toile originale,‎

‎The Autobiography 1872-1914. London, 1967.‎

‎Orig. full cloth. 232 pp. Illustr.‎

‎First edition.‎

‎Die Radioaktivität. Unter Mitwirkung des Verfassers ergänzte autorisierte deutsche Ausgabe von Professor Dr. E. Aschkinass -- FIRST GERMAN EDITION ---- BEL EXEMPLAIRE -- ‎

‎Berlin, Springer, 1907, un volume in 8 relié en demi-chagrin marron à coins, dos orné de fers dorés (reliure de l'époque), 8pp., (1), 597pp.‎

‎---- PREMIERE EDITION ALLEMANDE ---- FIRST GERMAN EDITION ---- BEL EXEMPLAIRE ---- "The first textbook on the subject and recognized as a classic at its publication in 1904. So fast did the science progress, however that Rutherford prepared a second edition the following year that was 50 percent larger... (Though only a year has passed since the book first made its appearance, the researches that have been carried out in that time have been too numerous and of too important a character to permit the publishing of a mere reprint... The new chapters which have been added possibly constitute the most important change in the work ; these chapters include a detailed account of the theory of successive changes and its application to the analysis of the series of transformations which occur in radium, thorium and actinium..." (Préface to the second ed. by Rutherford) ---- "The book includes a discussion of Rutherford's revolutionary transformation theory, developed during the period 1902/1903, which states that radioactivity is a by-product of the transmutation of one element into another... In work that may be characterized as radioactivity at McGill, atomicphysics at Manchester and nuclear physics at Cambridge, Rutherford more than any other formed the views now held concerning the nature of matter. It is to be expected that numerous honors would come to such a man, called the greatest experimental physicist of his day and often compared with Faraday. In 1922, he received the Copley Medal, the highest award given by the Royal Society...". (DSB XII p. 34) ---- "Rutherford found that the rays emitted by uranium were of two kinds, one stopped by thin sheets of aluminium, which he called x-rays, and the other requiring much thicker sheets of aluminium, which he called Betta rays". (Partington IV p. 939) ---- Horblit N° 100 & Dibner N° 51 (1st english ed. 1904)**4614/M7AR‎

‎Radioaktive umwandlungen -- FIRST GERMAN EDITION‎

‎Braunschweig, Vieweg, 1907, un volume in 8 relié en pleine toile beige, couverture conservée, 7pp., (1pp.), 285pp.‎

‎---- FIRST GERMAN EDITION published in the series "Wissenschaft" N° 21 ---- This edition CONTAINS ADDITIONAL MATERIAL BY RUTHERFORD HIMSELF TO UPDATE HIS FAMOUS BOOK ---- This book contains the subject matter of eleven lectures delivered under the Silliman Foundation at Yale University, March 1905 ---- "In work that may be characterized as radioactivity at McGill, atomicphysics at Manchester and nuclear physics at Cambridge, Rutherford more than any other formed the views now held concerning the nature of matter. It is to be expected that numerous honors would come to such a man, called the greatest experimental physicist of his day and often compared with Faraday. In 1922, he received the Copley Medal, the highest award given by the Royal Society...". (DSB XII p. 34) ---- Rutherford found that the rays emitted by uranium were of two kinds, one stopped by thin sheets of aluminium, which he called x-rays, and the other requiring much thicker sheets of aluminium, which he called Betta rays". (Partington IV p. 939)**4615/M7AR‎

‎Übertragung erregter Radioaktivität.‎

‎[Leipzig, Hirzel, 1902]. Royal8vo, [275 x 195 mm]. Without wrappers, as issued. Offprint from ""Physikalische Zeitschrift"", 3. Jahrgang, No. 10. Pp. 210-214. With ""Ueberreicht vom Verfasser"" printed in top right corner of first leaf. Small blue gummed labels (from the library of Becquerel) pasted to top of first leaf. First leaf with brownspotting in inner margin. Traces after having been folded hjorizontally, otherwise fine.‎

‎Rare offprint, given by the author to Henri Becquerel, of Rutherford's important paper on the transferal of excited radioactivity. British-New Zealand chemist and physicist, Ernest Rutherford, became known as the father of nuclear physics. He discovered the concept of radioactive half life, proved that radioactivity involved the transmutation of one chemical element to another, and also differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation.Rutherford was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1908 for ""for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"". Becquerel was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for ""in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"".‎

‎Collision of alpha Particles with Light Atoms. (4 Parts). I. Hydrogen. II. Velocity of the Hydrogen Atom. III. Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms. IV. An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen. - [SPLITTING THE ATOM - PMM 411]‎

‎[London, Taylor and Francis, 1919] 8vo . In recent half cloth with cloth title-label with gilt lettering to front board. Extracted from ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"" Sixth Series. A fine and clean copy. [Rutherford's paper:] pp. 537-587. [Withbound:] Pp. 537-616.‎

‎First appearance of this seminal paper which contains Rutherford's discovery of artificial transmutation. He here discovered, that the atomic nucleus (discovered by him in 1911) itself had a structure, when, by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles, he produced THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL TRANSFORMATION OF AN ELEMENT INTO ANOTHER, and what was left after the bombardment had to be those of oxygen atoms. - Thus thus began the age of nuclear physics.""Rutherford was .. the first man ever to change one element into another as a result of the manipulations of his own hands. He had achieved the dream of the alchemists. He had also demonstrated the first man-made ""nuclear reaction"". By 1924 Rutherford had managed to knock protons out of the nuclei of most of the lighter elements."" (Asimov).""A few years before, Marsden had noticed scintillations on a screen placed far beyond the range of alpha particles when these particles were allowed to bombard hydrogen. Rutherford repeated the experiment and showed that the scintillations were caused by hydrogen nuclei or protons. This was easily understood, but when he substituted nitrogen for the hydrogen, he saw the same proton flashes. The explanation he gave in 1919 stands beside the transformation theory of radioactivity and the nuclear atom as one of Rutherford’s most important discoveries. This, he said, was a case of artificial disintegration of an element. Unstable, or radioactive, atoms disintegrated spontaneously"" but here a stable nucleus was disrupted by the alpha particle, and a proton was one of the pieces broken off."" (DSB).PMM 411.‎

‎The Scattering of alpha and beta Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom. - [THE DISCOVERY OF THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS - THE RUTHERFORD ATOMIC MODEL.]‎

‎(London, Taylor and Francis, 1911). 8vo . In recent half cloth with cloth title-label with gilt lettering to front board. Extracted from ""The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"" Sixth Series, Vol. XXI. A fine and clean copy. [Rutherford's paper:] pp. 669-688. [Withbound:] Pp. 585-696.‎

‎First appearance of one of the most influential papers in physics in the 20th Century, describing the discovery of the ATOMIC NUCLEUS, and suggesting that the atom consists of a small central nucleus surrounded by electrons. This view of the atom is the one accepted today, and it replaced the concept of the featureless, indivisible spheres of Democritus, which dominated atomistic thinking for twenty-three centuries. Rutherford's 'nuclear atom' was a few years later by Niels Bohr, combined with the quantum theory of light to form the basis of his famous theory of the hydrogen atom.Hans Geiger (Rutherford's assistant in his work on alpha particles) tells ""One day (Rutherford) came into my room, obviously in the best of moods, and told me that now he knew what the atom looked like and what the strong scatterings signified."" - On 7 March 1911, Rutherford presented his principal results to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. The definitive paper came out in the May issue of ""Philosophical Magazine"" (the paper offered here).""After the first five or sic years of intense activity following the discovery of radioactivity, there was a brief lull untill 1911, when a new series of fundamental discoveries was made. These began with the discoveries of the nucleus and of artificial atomic transmutations by Rutherford. By 1811 it was known that electrons entered into the constitution of atoms, and Barkla had shown that each atom has approximately A/2 electrons (where A is the atomis weight). J.J.Thomson had conceived of a model of an atom according to which the electrons were distributed inside a positively charged sphere. To verify this hypothesis, Rutherford had the idea of bombarding matter using alpha-radiation of radioactive bodies and measuring the angles through which the rays were deflected as they passsed through matter. For the Thomson model of the atom the deflections should rarely be more than 1 or 2 degrees.However, Rutherford's experiments showed that deflections of more than 90 degrees could occur, particularly with heavy nuclei.""(Taton (Edt.) Science in the Twentieth Century, p. 210).‎

‎The Nature of the alpha Particle.‎

‎Manchester, 1909. 8vo. Contemp. full cloth. Orig. printed paper label on spine (a bit chipped). In: ""Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary & Phlosophical Society. (Manchester Memoirs.). Volume LIII. (1908-09). Entire volume offered. The volume contains 24 papers, all with seperate pagination. Rutherford's paper: pp. 1-3.‎

‎First printing of the paper which Rutherford and Royds gave the final proof that the alpha particle are atoms of helium. The present paper was read on November 3rd 1908 and published on the 19th. It was reprinted in Philosophical Magazine and that paper is dated November 13, 1908 and published February 1909.""After nearly a decade of labor, Rutherford was finally prepared to state... what the alpha particle really was ""We may conclude that an alpha-particle is a helium atom, or, to be more precise, the alpha-particle, after it has lost its positive charge, is a helium atom"". In a paper together with Royds, completed in November 1908, he was even more emphatic: ""We can conclude with certainty... that the alpha-particle is a helium atom... They had shown that a discharge sent through a volume in which alpha-particles from radium had been collected produced the characteristic helium spectrum !""(Pais ""Inward Bound"", p. 61).""Rutherford’s early conviction that the alpha particle was a doubly charged helium atom, but he had not succeeded in proving that belief. In 1908 he and Geiger were able to fire alpha particles into an evacuated tube containing a central, charged wire and to record single events. Ionization by collision, a process studied by Rutherford’s former colleague at Cambridge, J. S. E. Townsend, caused a magnification of the single particle’s charge sufficient to give the electrometer a measurable ""kick."" By this means they were able to count, for the first time accurately and directly, the number of alpha particles emitted per second from a gram of radium.This experiment enabled Rutherford and Geiger to confirm that every alpha particle causes a faint but discrete flash when it strikes a luminescent zinc sulfide screen, and thus led directly to the widespread method of scintillation counting. It was also the origin of the electrical and electronic methods of particle counting in which Geiger later pioneered. But at this time the scintillation technique, now proved reliable, was more convenient. This counting work also led Rutherford and Geiger to the most accurate value of the fundamental electric charge e before Millikan performed his oil-drop experiment. They measured the total charge from a radium source and divided it by the number of alphas counted to obtain the charge per particle. Since this figure was about twice the previous values of e. they concluded that the alpha was indeed helium with a double charge. But Rutherford still desired decisive, direct proof"" and here his skilled glassblower came to his aid. Otto Baumbach in 1908 was able to construct glass tubes thin enough to be transparent to the rapidly moving alpha particles yet capable of containing a gas. Such a tube was filled with emanation and was placed within a larger tube made of thicker glass. In time, alpha particles from the decaying emanation penetrated into and were trapped in the space between inner and outer tubes: and when ROYDS SPARKED THE MATERIAL IN THIS SPACE, THEY SAW THE SPECTRUM OF HELIUM."" (DSB).The volume contains 2 other importent papers by Rutherford 1. ""Some Properties of the Radium Emanations"" (issued Nov. 19th, 1908) and 2. together withY. Tuomikoski ""Differences in the Decay of the Radium Emanations"" (issued April 7th, 1909).‎

‎The Cause and Nature of Radioactivity I (+) The Cause and Nature of Radioactivity II. - [THEORY OF RADIOACTIVITY]‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1902. 8vo. Bound in contemporary half calf with marbled boards and gilt lettering to spine. Two title labels in red and black with gilt lettering to spine and five rasied bands with gilt ornamentation. In ""Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science"", Sixth Series, Vol. 4, 1902. Front hinge cracked, frontboard almost detached.L Library label pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper and library stamp to verso of title page. A very fine and clean copy. Pp. 370-96"" Pp. 569-585. [Entire volume: (8), 732 pp. + 6 plates.‎

‎First printing of Rutherford and Soddy's seminal paper on the nature of radioactivity, ""the revolutionary theory that radio-activity is a by-product of the transmutation of one form of matter into another."" (PMM 411). The theory ""provided the break with the past that was clearly needed [...] In this great theory of radioactivity which these young men sprung on the learned, timid, rather unbelieving, and, as yet, unquantized world of physics of 1902 and 1903, they unabashedly but forward the idea that some atomic species are subject to spontaneous transmutation."" (PAIS, Inward Bound).They both were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work within radioactivity. Rutherford and Soddy introduced the expression ""atomic energy"" in this paper, ""not just for the energy released by a radioactive element, but much more generally for the energy locked in any atom"" (Brown et al., Twentieth Century Physics, I, p. 63).""By this time Rutherford had recognized the need for skilled chemical assistance in his radioactivity investigations and had secured the services of a young chemistry demonstrator at McGill, Frederick Soddy. Together they removed most of the activity from a thorium compound, calling the active matter thorium X"" but they too found that the X product lost its activity and that the thorium recovered its original level in a few weeks. Had Becquerel's similar finding for uranium not been immediately at hand, they might have searched for errors in their work. In early 1902, however, they began to plot the activities as a function of time, seeing evidence of a fundamental relationship in the equality of the time for thorium X to decay to half value and thorium to double in activity.This work led directly to Rutherford's greatest achievement at McGill, for with Soddy he advanced the still-accepted explanation of radioactivity. Their iconoclastic theory, variously called transformation, transmutation, and disintegration, first appeared in 1902 and was refined in the following year. Although alchemy had long been exorcised from scientific chemistry, they declared that ""radioactivity is at once an atomic phenomenon and the accompaniment of a chemical change in which new kinds of matter are produced."" The radioactive atoms decay, they argued, each decay signifying the transmutation of a parent into a daughter element, and each type of atom undergoing its transformation in a characteristic period. This insight set the course for their next several years of research, for the task was then to order all the known radioelements into decay series and to search for additional members of these families."" (DSB)The volume contains several other important papers by contemporary phycicians.‎