3499 books for « the »Edit

‎The life of Edward Bulwer Lytton by his grandson The Earl of Lytton.‎

‎London: Macmillan, 1913 2 volumes in-8, xxi-563 pages et ix-576 pages, 12 illustrations hors texte, index. Reliure moderne basane rouge, dos à nerfs, petite éraflure sinon bel exemplaire.‎

‎The life of Edward Bulwer Lytton by his grandson The Earl of Lytton. (London: Macmillan, 1913). [M.C.: Angleterre, biographie, histoire littéraire]‎

‎Yeda-'Am. Journal of the Israel Folklore Society. Edited by Dr. Yom-Tov Lewinski. Volume IV, n° 1-2.‎

‎Tel-Aviv: , 1956 8vo, 134 pages, ills. Wpps. (soiled). Hebrew text, english abstracts.‎

‎(revue) Yeda-'Am. Journal of the Israel Folklore Society. Edited by Dr. Yom-Tov Lewinski. Volume IV, n° 1-2. (Tel-Aviv, 1956) [M.C.: revue, judaïca, judaïsme, Judaïsm, Folklore]‎

‎Yivo Bleter. Journal of the Yiddish Scientific Institute. Volume XXXV.‎

‎New York: Yiddish Scientific Institute - Yivo, 1951 8vo, 320 pages. Wpps. (soiled). Yiddish text, english abstracts.‎

‎(revue) Yivo Bleter. Journal of the Yiddish Scientific Institute. Volume XXXV. (New York: Yiddish Scientific Institute - Yivo, 1951) [M.C.: revue, judaïca, judaïsme, Judaïsm, Yiddish studies]‎

‎The barocyclonometer.‎

‎Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 1904 in-4, 26 pages, 10 planches, 1 carte. Broché, couv. salie. Description d'un instrument pour la prévision des cyclones.‎

‎The barocyclonometer. (Manila: Bureau of Public Printing, 1904). [M.C.: instruments scientifiques, météorologie]‎

‎The World of Tribal Arts. Le monde de l'art tribal. Collection complète reliée du N° 1 (mars 1994) au N° 28 (été-automne 2002).‎

‎Paris: , 1994-2002 7 vol. in-4. Collection complète du N° 1 (mars 1994) au N° 28 (été-automne 2002). Reliure pleine peau verte, dos à 4 nerfs, titre et fleuron dorés (fleuron différent sur les 2 derniers volumes). Tous les numéros sont en édition française sauf le N° 1 en édition anglaise. Le numéro 12 n'a pas paru. Bel exemplaire ‎

‎(revue) The World of Tribal Arts. Le monde de l'art tribal. Collection complète reliée du N° 1 (mars 1994) au N° 28 (été-automne 2002). (Paris: 1994-2002) [M.C.: revue, art primitif, art tribal]‎

‎Tales of Travel.‎

‎London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1923 in-8, viii-344 pages, portrait frontispice (détaché), 26 illustrations hors texte dont une carte dépliante (Map of Afghanistan prepared and circulated by Amir Abdur Rhaman Khan). Index. Reliure percaline d'éd., plat décoré, rousseurs infimes, bel exemplaire. Edition originale. Notes de voyage en Tunisie, Afghanistan, Egypte, Zambèze, Sainte-Hélène Japon, Koweit, ...‎

‎Tales of Travel. (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1923). [M.C.: voyages, Tunisie, Afghanistan, Egypte, Zambeze, Japon, Koweit, Sainte-Hélène, Napoléon]‎

‎Lex Regia Det er: Den Souveraine Konge=Lov, sat og given af den Stormegtigste Höibaarne Fyrste og Herre Herr Fridrich Den tredie...og Hans Maj. underskreven d. 14. Novemb. 1665. Som...Friderich den Fierde...Allernaadigst haver befalet ved offentlig Tr... - [THE ABSOLUTE LAW OF THE MONARCH - WITH AN INTERESTING PROVENANCE]‎

‎(Copenhagen, 1709) Folio (535 x 385 mm). In a magnificent long-grained full calf pastiche binding (from early 20th century) by Anker Kyster with gilt spine and gilt frames to boards. All edges gilt. 19 leaves" text and frames engraved. The broad frames that all differ from each other ornamentally depict animals and plants as well as the different trades of the country. With gift-inscription to front free end-paper: ""Til C. Th. Zahle / - I haabet om snart at se dette navn / under den souveraine folke=lov - / given af [illegible] / August 1913"". Housed in a slipcase. A very fine copy.‎

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‎First edition of this monumental work in Danish book production, a superb, if not the finest, example of eighteenth-century book art. Furthermore, it constitutes the erection of the absolute monarchy - The monarchical moment marks a significant turning-point, not only in seventeenth-century political and constitutional history, but also in the history of early modern Danish political thought. The absolute monarchy, first presented to the public with the present publication, was not abolished until 1848 with a peaceful revolution after the death of Christian VIII. The present copy has belonged to Carl Theodor Zahle, Prime Minister of Denmark from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920 and Minister of Justice from 1929-1935. In 1665, five years after the actual monarchical revolution, the constitutional and political justification of hereditary and absolute monarchy was spelled out in the Lex Regia, the crown jewel of the absolute monarchy. “A renaissance monarchy had fallen, and from the ashes of the former aristocratic society, Frederik III was reborn as an ideal absolute ruler, the only contemporary European monarch to govern by an absolutist constitution. What had begun as a political revolution in Copenhagen soon affected the entire Danish empire. By 1662, the estates in Denmark, Norway, Iceland and the Faroe Islands had signed a document consenting to the revolutionary changes in the form of government.” “The Kongelov is dated and subscribed the 14th of November 1665, but was kept a profound secret, only two initiated persons knowing of its existence until after the death of Frederick III, one of them being Kristoffer Gabel, the king's chief intermediary during the revolution, and the other the author and custodian of the Kongelov, Secretary Peder Schumacher Griffenfeldt.” (Encyclopedia Britannica) This lavish 1709-edition was its impressive proclamation. “This document is in every way unique. In the first place it is remarkable for its literary excellence. Compared with the barbarous macaronic jargon of the contemporary official language it shines forth as a masterpiece of pure, pithy and original Danish. Still more remarkable are the tone and tenor of this royal law. The Kongelov has the highly dubious honour of being the one written law in the civilized world which fearlessly carries out absolutism to the last consequences. The monarchy is declared to owe its origin to the surrender of the supreme authority by the Estates to the king. The maintenance of the indivisibility of the realm and of the Christian faith according to the Augsburg Confession, and the observance of the Kongelev itself, are now the sole obligations binding upon the king. The supreme spiritual authority also is now claimed the moment he ascends the throne, crown and sceptre belong to him by right” (Bain, Scandinavia A Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden from 1512 to 1900). In the beginning of the 18th century it became the fashion to print entire books using copperplates. The edition opens with a beautiful portrait of king Frederik III on horseback, the head of which was realized after the death mask of the regent, whereas the lower part was brought by as a unique calligraphic exercise. Each page has the text surrounded by an ornamental frame which shows different animals symbolizing the countries in which the law was in force. The 500 copies of the King’s Law were meant to be distributed, not to be sold. The publisher was Frederik Rostgaard (1671-1745), state archivist and collector of books. He was appointed to the task by King Frederik IV. The text was engraved by Michael Røg, the illustrations and ornaments by Andreas Reinhardt, using designs by Claus Møinichen. Biblioteca Danica II, 739.Birkelund 76. ‎

‎1. De Linea in quam Flexile se pondere proprio curvat, ejeuque usu insignia adinveniendi quotcunque medias proportionales & Logarithmos. - 2. De Solutionibus Problematis Catenarii vel Funicularis in Actis A. 1691, aliisque a Dn. I.B. propositis. (1-2:...‎

‎Leipzig, Grosse & Gleditsch, 1691. 4to. Contemp. full vellum. Faint handwritten title on spine. a small stamp on titlepage. In: ""Acta Eruditorum Anno MDCLXXXXI"". (8),590,(6) pp. and 13 (of 15) folded engraved plates. The 2 first plates lacks, but they do not belong to the papers listed.Leibniz' papers: pp.277-281 a. 1 plate, pp. 435-439. Johann Bernoulli: pp. 274-276 a. 1 plate. Huygens: pp. 281-282. - Jacob Bernoulli: pp. 282-290 a. 1 plate.‎

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‎All papers first apperance. All 5 of extreme importence in the development of the Calculus. Leibniz' 2 papers on the catenary curve (paper 1-2 offered here) was written at the instigation of Jacques Bernoulli. Following the example of Blaise Pascal, who had initiated, in 1658, a contest for the construction of the cycloid, Leibniz also provoked the geometers of his time, by challenging them to submit, at the fixed date of mid-1691, their geometric method for the construction of the catenary curve. Leibniz later provided the answer, followed by Johann Bernoulli and Huygens.'These two papers are a historical account of the origin of the study of this transcendental curve, and, at the same time, the first physical-geometric construction showing the species-relationship between the catenary and the logarithmic curves, as two companion curves" one arithmetic, the other geometric. All of the differentials of the catenary curve, are arithmetic means of corresponding differentials of the logarithmic curve" and, all of the differentials of the logarithmic curve, are geometric means of the catenary.'""The Catenary is the form of a hanging fully flexible rope or chain (the name comes from ""catena"", which means 'chain'), suspended on two points. The interest in this curve originated with Galileo, who thought that is was a parabola. Young Christiaan Huygens proved in 1646 that this cannot be the case. What the actual form was remained an open question till 1691, when Leibniz, Johann Bernoulli and the then much older Huygens sent solutions to the problem to the ""Acta"" (Jakob Bernoulli, 1690, Johann Bernoulli 1691, Huygens 1691 and Leibniz 1691), - these 4 1691-papers offered here - in which the previous year Jakob Bernoulli had challenged mathematicians to solve it. As published, the solutions did not reveal the methods, but through later publications of manuscripts these methods have been known. Huygens applied with great ( paper 4) virtuosity the by then classical methods of 17th century infinitesimal mathematics, and he needed all his ingenuity to reach a satisfactory solution. Leibniz ( the papers 1-2) and Bernoulli (paper 3), applying the new Calculus, found the solutions in a much direct way. In fact, the catenary was a test-case between the old and the new style in the study of curves, and only because the champion of the old style was a giant like Huygens, the test-case can formally be considered as ending in a draw."" (Grattan-Guiness in ""From the Calculus to Set Theory, 1630-1910."").The paper by JACOB BERNOULLI ( no. 5 offered here) is a milestone papers as it marks the invention of the ""SYSTEM OF POLAR COORDINATES"" with points located by reference to a fixed point and a line through that point. Although newton had earlier also devised such a coordinate system (in 1671), his work was not known, so that the credit for the discovery generally goes to Bernoulli. (Parkinson, Breakthroughs (1691).Further papers contained in this volume of Acta Eruditorum:DENYS PAPIN: Mecanicorum de Viribus Motricibus sententia, asserta a D. Papino adversius C.G.G. L. (Leibniz) objectiones. pp. 6-13. The plate lacks. - and Dion. Papini Observationes quaedam circa materias ad Hydraulicam spectantes. Pp. 208-213 a. 1 plate. This importent paper is part of the LEIBNIZ-PAPIN-CONTROVERSY.JACOB BERNOULLI: Specimen Calculi Differentialis in dimensione Parabolæ helicoidis, ubi de flexuris curvarum in genere, carundem evolutionibus. Pp. 13-22. The plate lacks. - and J.B. Demonstratio Centri Oscillationis ex Natura Vectis, reperta occassione eorum, quæ super hac materia in Historia Literaria Roterodamensi recensentur, articulo...Pp.317-321.LEIBNIZ: O.V.E. Additio ad Schediasma de Medii Resistentia publicatum in Actis mensis Febr. 1889. Pp. 177-178. and O.V.E. Quadratura Arithmetica Communis Sectionum Conicarum quæ centrum babent,...Pp. 178-182 a. 1 plate.TSCHIRNHAUS: Singularia Effecta Vitri Caustici bipedalis, quod omnia magno sumtu hactenus constructa specula ustoria virtute superat, per D.T. Pp. 517-520‎

‎A Tentative Theory of Light Quanta.‎

‎London, Taylor and Francis, 1924. Later full buckram, gilt lettering to spine. In: Philosophical Magazine conducted by Oliver Joseph Lodge etc."", Vol. 47. - Sixth Series. VIII,1168 pp. and 8 plates. (Entire volume offered). De Broglie's paper: pp. 446-458. Internally clean and fine.‎

‎First English version of the papers which ESTABLISHED A NEW ERA IN PHYSICS by introducing the epochal new principle that particle-wave duality should apply not only to radiation but also to matter and thus CREATING QUANTUM MECHANICS. The English paper is a translation of de Broglie's 3 ""Notes "" which he published in ""Comptes Rendus"" in September and October 1923 (Ondes et quanta. - Quanta de lumière, diffraction et interférences. - Les quanta, la théorie cinétique des gaz et le principe de Fermat). These 3 papers were extended to form his doctoral thesis of 1924 ""Recherches sur la Théorie des Quanta."" - This English edition (of the papers) was published before his thesis of 1924 as the paper is dated October 1, 1923, and published here in the Februar issue of Philosophical Magazine, months before the thesis.The English version contains furthermore an addition, a postscript, which contains a generalization of the theory which is consistent with the special theory of relativity, and NOT published in ""Comptes Rendues"" in 1923.With the three communications to the Academy of Sciences (the 3 Comptes Rendus papers) in the fall of 1923 de Broglie had presented the main ideas of his unified dynamics of light quanta and atoms. He was confident enough about his results that he submitted them also in English in the offered paper. At the end of the paper he summarized his results. De Broglie relates ""After long reflection in solitude and meditation, I suddenly had the idea, during the year 1923, that the discovery made by Einstein in 1905 should be generalized by extending it to all material particles and notably to electrons"" (Preface to his PhD thesis 1924).""He made the leap in his September 10, 1923, paper: E=hv should hold not only for photons but also for electrons, to which he assigns a 'fictitious associated wave'. In his September 24 paper, he indicated the direction in which one 'should seek experimental confirmations of our ideas': a stream of electrons traversing an aperture whose dimensions are small compared with the wavelenght of the electron waves 'should show diffraction phenomena' .""(Pais ""Subtle is the Lord"", pp. 425-436).In the third paper (October 8) he discusses ""The interplay between the propagation of the particle and of the waves could be expressed in more formal terms as an identity between the fundamental variational principles of Pierre de Fermat (rays), and Pierre Louis Maupertuis (particles) as de Broglie discussed it further in his last communication . Therein he also considered some thermodynamic consequences of his generalized wave-particle duality. He showed in particular how one could, using Lord Rayleigh’s 1900 formula for the number of stationary modes for phase waves, obtain Planck’s division of the mechanical phase space into quantum cells.Louis de Broglie achieved a worldwide reputation for his discovery of the wave theory of matter, for which he received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1929. His work was extended into a full-fledged wave mechanics by Erwin Schrödinger and thus contributed to the creation of quantum mechanics. After an early attempt to propose a deterministic interpretation of his theory, de Broglie joined the Copenhagen school’s mainstream noncausal interpretation of the quantum theory.""(DSB).""This idea [i.e. de Broglie's that matter might behave as waves] was tested and confirmed by Davisson and Germer in 1927... Thus the duality of both light and matter had been established, and physicists had to come to terms with fundamental particles which defied simple theories and demanded two sets of 'complementary' descriptions, each applicable under certain circumstances, but incompatible with one another."" (Printing and the Mind of Man, 417).This volume of Philosophical Magazine contains another importent paper in the history of Quantum Mechanics"": ""The Quantum Theory of Radiation"" by BOHR, KRAMERS AND SLATER, pp. 785-802. ""After Kramers had succeeded in extending the scope of the correspondence argument to the theory of optical dispersion ""thus rounding off a treatment of the interaction of atomic systems with radiation that accounted for all emission, absorption, and scattering processes"" Bohr ventured to propose a systematic formulation of the whole theory, in which what he called the virtual character of the classical model was emphasized. In this he was aided by Kramers and a young American visitor, J. C. Slater, and the new theory was published in 1924 under the authorship of all three. The most striking feature of this remarkable paper, ""The Quantum Theory of Radiation,"" was the renunciation of the classical form of causality in favor of a purely statistical description. Even the distribution of energy and momentum between the radiation field and the ""virtual oscillators"" constituting the atomic systems was assumed to be statistical, the conservation laws being fulfilled only on the average. This was going too far: the paper was hardly in print before A. H. Compton and A. W. Simon had established by direct experiment the strict conservation of energy and momentum in an individual process of interaction between atom and radiation. Nevertheless, this short-lived attempt exerted a profound influence on the course of events"" what remained after its failure was the conviction that the classical mode of description of the atomic processes had to be entirely relinquished."" (DSB).‎

‎ Rules proposed for the government of gaols, houses of correction, and penitentiaries. Compiled from various acts of parliament for the regulation of prison, and selected from rules in force at the best conducted gaols in Europe : to which are added, plans of prisons on improved principles ; and a description, with plates, of A Corn Mill and Water Mill, adapted for the employment of prisoners. Published by the Society for the Improvement of Prison Discipline, and for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders.‎

‎London, Printed by T. Bensley, 1820 1 vol. in-8 (23 x 14 cm) de VI-(1)-65 pages. 10 planches hors-texte (la plupart dépliantes). Voir le détail des sujets ci-après. Cartonnage de l'époque plein papier gris, relié sur brochure, non rogné, étiquette de titre imprimée au dos (d'origine). 1 planche détachée. Quelques rousseurs et feuillets jaunis, néanmoins excellent papier de qualité (papier vélin de cuve). légères usures au cartonnage néanmoins solide. First edition. "The society for the improvement of Prison Discipline, in submitting to the public the following suggestions respecting the proper regulations to be adopted in Prisons, deem it superfluous to detain their readers by endeavouring to prouve what is already obvious, that the judicious mangement of Gaols is a subject of the utmost importance. An intention has been imputed to this society, than which nothing can be more foreign from its real purpose, that of making the interior of a prison a more desirable residence than the habitations of the poor ; the motives which actuate the members of the society are allowed to be benevolent, but the consequences of carrying their views of reform or improvement into effect, are supposed by some persons to be mischievous ; it is presumed that offenders are intimidated, by the miseries and privations they have experienced or anticipate ; if prisons, it is said, are rendered places of comfort, where food and lodging are gratuitously provided, they become incentives to crime and a recompence for its commission. In this view of the subject, however, the society cannot coincide : it is true, they consider it desirable that prisons should be clean, and the food given to the prisoners, plain, wholesome, and sufficient ; but they are equally anxious that everything which borders on sensual gratification or unnecessary comfort should be entirely prohibited. They are of opinion that the punishment contemplated by the law should alone be inflicted, and that no collateral evils, the horrors of disease, and the corruption of principle, should be superadded ; but they are decidedly adverse to any permission of idleness, dissolute behaviour, or to any indulgencies, excepting those conferred as the reward of good conduct ; they are desirous that constant and imperative labour should occupy the prisoners, and prepare their minds for such instruction as may eradicate evil habits, and substitute good dispositions: a prison thus regulated offers no attraction to the vicious, and the society confidently appeal to the evidence of facts as confirming the deductions of reason, wherever this experiment has been fairly tried. It must be apparent to all who have directed their attention to this subject, that the system of Prison Discipline too. generally prevalent in England was confined to a single object, the safe custody of the prisoner ; and to one method of accomplishing that object, severe and sometimes unnecessary coercion : if the prisoner could be retained within the walls of a gaol by bars, by chains, or by subterraneous and unventilated dungeons, by the use of any rigour or privation ; this plan, aiming only at his personal security, was deemed sufficient: the possibility of reforming the criminal seems never to have been contemplated ; no rule was in force, no arrangement existed which could be referred to such a purpose: the attempt to disengage the culprit from long formed habits of vice, and to rekindle in his breast the latent sparks of virtue, were schemes known indeed by the writings of Howard, but generally regarded as the visionary efforts of an excessive philanthropy. Such has been the progress of public opinion, that it is not now requisite to dwell upon the expediency of making these attempts, or to contend against a system calculated to multiply offences, and to ripen indiscretion into crime; a new plan has been gradually developed, in which moral restraint removes the necessity of brutal violence ; in which the prisoner is justly considered as possessing rights which we must not v violate, and feelings which we must not wound, beyond what the sentence of the law demands: a system equally opposed to that dangerous indulgence which permits scenes of vice, drunkenness, or debauchery to be exhibited ; and to that useless cruelty, which, producing no beneficial effect in the way of example, tends to harden the character of those who are subjected to its operation ; a system, in short, which suppresses for a time at least many evil habits, and substitutes those of industry, decency, sobriety, and order. The strong interest taken by the public in this momentous question, the examples which have been adduced of the successful application of these principles to practice ; the zeal manifested by the magistrates in general throughout the country, and the appointment of committees in both houses of Parliament, furnish a well-grounded confidence that the improved system of Prison Discipline will now be fairly and fully tried. The society for the improvement of Prison Discipline have received so many applications for information respecting numerous particulars, that they apprehend they cannot more effectually consult the wishes or convenience of the public, than by an endeavour to collect and arrange those recommendations which the result of reflection and experience enables them to offer. Much consideration has been bestowed upon the plans which accompany this tract, and great assistance has been derived from the architectural skill of Mr. Ainslie, and Mr. Bullar, in the arrangement and illustration of these designs: these gentlemen have gratuitously afforded the Society most valuable aid, for which the Committee beg to express their sincere acknowledgments ; the object in view was to give such plans, as might best combine the advantages of inspection and classification, leaving it to the discretion of different districts to accommodate the same to their own local circumstances. With regard to the rules which are suggested, there is no pretension to originality ; the first aim of the society has been to obtain an accurate acquaintance with the actual management of the best regulated gaols ; to compare attentively the course pursued in each, with their practical consequences ; and then to select and combine, under one arrangement, those rules which appeared upon the whole most judicious and effective. The importance of providing employment for prisoners, and the difficulty of procuring it, have deeply engaged the attention of the society, but hitherto without enabling them to arrive at any conclusion which is universally applicable ; but there is one species of labour obtained by the introduction of mills, and especially of stepping mills, which may furnish constant occupation to a determinate proportion of the prisoners. The advantages derived from the use of mills in several prisons, have been very conspicuous, not so much perhaps in a pecuniary point of view, as in the moral benefits resulting to the prisoner. A stepping mill of a superior description, and which the Committee cannot too earnestly recommend for the employment of prisoners, has been lately constructed, on very ingenious principles, by Mr. Cubitt, Civil Engineer, of Ipswich. To the liberality and kind attention of this gentleman, the Committee are indebted for the annexed illustrations of the machinery, and explanation of its power and effects. . Should the recommendations here collected, be found useful in assisting those gentlemen, who unite the power with the inclination to promote the grand and progressive work of improvement in Prison Discipline, the object of the society will be fully attained. (Preface, London, 1st January, 1820, Samuel Hoare, Jun., Chairman of the Committee). Samuel Hoare Jr (9 August 1751 – 14 July 1825), chairman of the committee was a wealthy British Quaker banker and abolitionist born in Stoke Newington, then to the north of London. His London seat was Heath House on Hampstead Heath. He was one of the twelve founding members of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. The engravings are : 1. Plan of a County Gaols for 400 prisoners. Designed by George Ainslie. 2. Plan of a Gaol for on hundred and twenty prisoners. G.T. Bullar architect. 3. Plan of the Chapel and sleeping cells. 4. Plan of a house of correction for sixty prisoners. G.T. Bullar architect. 5. House of correction for twenty eight prisoners. G.T. Bullar architect. 6. Ground Plan of a design for a Prison Corn Mill. 7. Crofs section of design for Prison Mill shewing the elevation of Machinery. 8. Crofts sectiloln of design for Prison Mill, shewing the elevation of the tread wheels and method of working. 9. Longitudinal section of design for Prison Mill, shewing elevation of Machinery. 10. Plan and section for a Pump Mill. (complete). Very rare. ‎

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‎Biblia Det er Den gantske Hellige Scrifft paa Danske igien offuerseet oc Prentet effter vor allernaadigste Herris oc Kongis K. Christian den IV. Befaling. Mett Register/ alle D. Lutheri Fortaler ghans Udledning i Brædden oc Viti Theodori Summarier. Cu... - [THE MAGNIFICENT CHRISTIAN IV FOLIO BIBLE]‎

‎Kiøbenhaffn, (Melchior Martzan og Salomon Sartor), (1632-) 1633. Folio (binding: 37 x 25 cm.). Bound in a spledid, contemporary full calf binding over wooden boards. Rich, elaborate gilding to both boards and spine. The gilding is vague, especially on the front board, but the tooling is very sharp, and the binding overall is magnificent. With four beautiful, ornamented brass edges to each board and two large ornamented brass clasps. All edges are gilt and beautifully blindtooled. Wear to capitals, where the cords are loosening a bit, and with a bit of loss of leather. A bit of wear to hinges, at the cords, which are showing. But overall the binding is in splendid condition. Also internally extremely well preserved. The title-page has a tiny restored hole to lower right corner, and the first four leaves might have been inserted. They are slightly smaller at the outer margin than the other leaves. But that might also be due to restoration, as the binding has not been tampered with at any point and is completely unrestored. The text is unusually nice, clean and fresh, by far the nicest copy we have ever come across. Pasted-down front end-paper with the ownership signature and lacquered coat-of-arms seal of Severin Svanenhielm (Severin Seehusen (1664-1726) ) as well as the ownership signatures of Søren Schiøtz (1796-1863) (with names of members of his family), C. Th. Zahle and Erik Zahle. With the book plate of William Davignon (d. 1924). The brass corners carry the initials HL and are depicted in Johannes Rudbeck's Svenska Bokband I (fig. 26, p.53). The binding there is dated 1622, whereas our binding is from 1633 or right after. The brass fittings were a commercial merchandise for sale in Germany and probably also in both Sweden and Denmark. Engraved title-page and two engraved half-titles as well as the engraved portrait of Christian IV, all by the royal engraver Simon the Pas. Withoput the half-title, which merely contains the printed words ""BIBLIA / Paa Danske"", which is almost never present. (21 - not counting the engraved title-page and the portrait), 353 (i.e. 354 due to the erroneous double pagination 353), 226, 159 ff. ‎

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‎A magnificent copy of the scarce first edition of the last (i.e. the third) of the Danish folio-bibles, known as ""Christian IV's Bible"", being a slightly revised edition of the Bible of 1589. Christian IV is the most famous Danish king ever to have lived, and the Christian IV bible is extremely sought-after. An unusually fresh and complete (apart from the always lacking half-title) copy of this splendid bible, printed by the first royal printer Melchior Martzan and Salomon Sartor (part 2). The numerous woodcut illustrations are the same that were used for the Frederik II Bibel from 1589. The four engraved leaves - the portrait and the three title-pages - are by Simon de Pas.Bibl. Dan.I,9 - Thesaurus II, 378. - Birkelund, 41. - Darlow and Moule, 3160. Provenance: Svanenhielm was a family of Danish and Norwegian nobility. Morten Hansen Seehuusen (1629-1694) was a merchant from Bredstedt in Schleswig-Holstein, who re-located to Stavanger, Norway. His son, Severin Seehusen (1664-1726) was an official in Bergen as well as in Stavanger and Northern Norway. He owned, among other properties, Damsgård Manor outside Bergen, Svanøy in Sunnfjord, and Arnegård in Stavanger. In 1720, Severin Seehausen was ennobled under the name Svanenhielm. Søren Daniel Schiøtz (1796-1863) was a Norwegian bailiff and judge, who was also very much engaged in religious matters and came to play an important role in the history of theology in Norway. He was one of the founders of the Norwegian Mission Society and the Norwegian Israeli Mission. He translated several important upbuilding pieces from German, among them a comprehensive bible history. Carl Theodor Zahle (1866 – 1946) was a highly important Danish lawyer and politician. He was prime minister of Denmark from 1909 to 1910 and again from 1913 to 1920. In 1895, he was elected member of the lower chamber of the Danish parliament, for the Liberal Party. A campaigner for peace, in 1905 he co-founded the Social Liberal Party (Det Radikale Venstre). He stayed on as a member of Parliament for Det Radikale Venstre until 1928, when he became a member of the upper chamber of Parliament (Landstinget). In 1929, he became Minister of Justice , a post which he held until 1935. Zahle was instrumental in starting negotiations for a new Danish–Icelandic Act of Union in 1917, which resulted in Iceland being recognized as a sovereign nation in a personal union with the king of Denmark the following year. Erik Zahle (1898-1969) was a famous Danish art historian, author, and museum director.‎

‎Sur les Mouvemens électro-magnétiques et la théorie du magnétisme. (Traduit par M. Anatole-Riffault). + (André-Marie Ampere et Felix Savary:) Notes relatives au Mémoire de M. Faraday.‎

‎(Paris, Crochard, 1821). No wrappers. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", tome 18 (Septembre Cahier). Pp. 337-443. (Entire issue offered). Faraday's paper: pp. 337-370 a. 2 folded engraved plates (showing the experimental apparatus). Ampère & Savary's Notes: pp. 370-379. Clean and fine.‎

‎First French edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first French edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).‎

‎Collection of 13 fundamental papers by Cantor (of which 12 are the first translations into French). 1. Sur une propriété du systeme de tous les nombrés algébriques réels (translation of ""Über eine Eigenschaft des Inbegriffes aller reellen algebraisc...‎

‎Stockholm, F. & G. Beijer, 1883, 1884, 1885. 4to. Contained in 3 issues from ""Acta Mathematica"", Vol. 2:4, vol. 4:4 a. vol. 7:2. All 3 issues with orig. printed wrappers, no backstrip.Vol. 2:4: pp. 305-310, 311-328, 329-335, 336-348, 349-380, 381-408, 409-414. - Vol. 4:4: pp. 381-392 - Vol. 7:2: pp.105-124.‎

‎First appearance in French of Cantor's main, groundbreaking papers, the foundations of Set-Theory, Denumerability, Reals, Algebraic Number Theory, Infinite Point Sets, Transfinite Set Theory, Transfinite Numbers, The Continuum Hypothesis, Theory of Content (volume) for Finite and Transfinite Point Sets, etc.The last paper ""Zweite Mittheilung), the paper offered here as no. 12, finished the series devoted to the ""Punktmannigfaltigkeiten"" is the first printing, as Cantor agreed to add half a dozen or so paragraphs to his ""Grundlagen"" (no. 9 offered here) in order to clarify how his theories could add to the progress of other departments of the sciences. These paragraphs contains Cantor's ""World Hypothesis"". The first paper on algebraic numbers proves that the set of all algebraic numbers has the same power as the set of natural numbers, that is, that it is not ""denumerable"" or ""countable"", but the set of real numbers not only exist but are nondenumerably infinite. This paper is considered the first formal publication on set theory.""Having demonstrated the existence of sets with the same power and different powers, Cantor pursued this concept of the power of a set and introduced a theory of cardinal and ordinal numbers in which the transfinite cardinals and ordinals are the striking elements. Cantor developed this work in a series of papers in the ""Mathematische Annalen"" from 1879-1884...In the fifth paper on linear aggregates Cantor opens with the observation ""The description of my investigations in the theory of aggregates has reached a stage where their continuation has become dependent on a generalization of real positive integers beyond the present limits"" a generalization which takes a direction in which, as far as I know, nobody has yet looked..."" (Morris Kline).Hilbert spread Cantor's ideas in Germany and said ""No one shall expel us from the paradise which Cantor created for us"". He praised Cantor's transfinite arithmetic as ""the most astonishing product of mathematical thought, one of the most beautiful realizations of human activity in the domain of the purely intelligible"". Betrand Russel described Cantor's work as ""probably the greatest of which the age can boast"".""These discoveries of Cantor were a continuation of the infinite, and Cantor was well aware of it. He defended St. Augustine's full acceptance of the actually infinite, but had to defend himself against the opposition of many mathematicians who refused to accept the infinite except as a process expressed by [the symbol of infinity]... Cantor finally won full acceptance when the enormous importance of his theory for the foundation of real function theory and of topology became more and more obvious - this especially after Ebesque in 1901 had enriched the theory of aggregates with his theory of measure."" (Dirk J. Struik).‎

‎Ueber die Wanderungen der Ionen während der Elektrolyse. Erste-Zweite und Dritte Mittheilung (+) Rechtfertigung seiner Mittheilungen ""Ueber Wanderungen der Ionen"". Elektrolyse einer lösung zweier Salze. (4 papers).‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1853, 1856, 1858, 1859. Without wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Dritte und Vierte Reihe, Bd. 89 No. 6 u. 7, Bd. 98 No 5, Bd. 103 No 1, Bd. 106 No. 3. The 5 entire issues offered. Hittorf's papers pp. 177-211 (Bd. 89), pp. 1-33 (Bd.98), pp. 1-56 (Bd.103), pp.337-411 a. 513-586 (Bd. 106). In all 7 engraved plates. All issues fine and clean.‎

‎First printing of all 4 fundamental papers on electrochemistry, where Hittorf states his concepts of ionic migration and transport numbers, concepts that should be the foundation stones of the later evolved theory of ionization, culminating in Svante Arrhenius's famous discovery of electrolytic dissociation.""After Faraday's experimental investigations in 1834, it was accepted that the electricity passing through an electrolytic cell was carried by the movement of charged ions produced from the decomposition of the compounds making up the solution. Daniell had extended these ideas in 1839 and showed that salts were compounds not of acid anhydrides and metallic oxides as had been thought, but of metallic cations and elemental or compound acid anions. Believing that the conductivity of solutions was due to these ions, he began a study of their transference. In 1853 Hittorf took up the problem. He extended the ideas of Daneill by reasoning inthe following manner: Cations and anions exist in solutions and migrate under the influence of current through the solution. The migration of the cation toward the cathode and away from the anode, and the deposition of the anode on the positive electrode, together result in a decrease of teh salt in the neighborhood of the anode. A similar analysis shows that there is also a decrease in the concemtration of the salt in the neighborhood of the cathode. If the motion of the two dissimilar ions were the same, the decrease in the concentration of the salt would be the same at the two electrodes.....Hwe concluded that the speeds of migration...were different and he characterized this fact by defining ""transport numbers"", which specified the portion of the transport of electricity carried by each ion. (DSB VI, p. 439). - Leicester & Klickstein ""A Source Book of Chemistry"", p. 400-406.In the 2 issues of 1853 are contained 2 papers by Helmholtz of fundamental cjharacter, both in physiology and on the theory on the conservation of energy. HERMAN HELMHOLTZ: ""Ueber einige Gesetze der Vertheilung elektrischer Ströme in körperlichen Leitern mit Anwendung auf die thierisch-elektrischen Versuche (+) Ueber einige Gesetze....(Schluss). 2 papers. 1853. (Bd. 89 No.6 a. 7). Pp. 211-233 a. pp. 353-377.""In this work (the papers offered) Helmholtz for the first time enters the field of mathematical physics and physiology, with the full equipment of the higher mathematical analysis, of which he was the only master in its application to the latter science.....This very interesting and fundamental work on the distribution of electrical currents in material conductors is purely mathematical in character, owing to Helmholtz's method of proving the theorems, which are intelligible enough from the physical point of view, It is essentially connected with the treatise on the CONSERVATION OF ENERGY, since helmholtz merely substitutes for the expression 'free tension' there employed, the identical concept of Gauss's potentia, or Green's potential function.""(Koenigsberger in ""Hermann von helmholtz"", p. 99-103.).‎

‎Über das Verhältnis zwischen dem Emissionsvermögen und dem Absorptionsvermögen der Körper für Wärme und Licht. (On the relation between the radiating and the absorbing powers of different bodies for light and heat). (+) Über die Frauenhofer'schen Lin...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1860. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. A few scratches to spine. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 109. X,660 pp. and 4 folded engraved plates. Kirchhoff's papers: pp. 275-301 and pp. 148-150. Internally clean and fine. Small stamps to verso of titlepage and plates.‎

‎First printing of a milestone paper by ""The Grandfather of Quantum Theory"" in which he formulates the law named after him, ""KIRCHHOFF'S LAW"", which was the ""key to the whole thermodynamics of radiation. In the hands of Planck, Kirchhoff's successor to the Berlin chair, it proved to be the key to the new world of the quanta, well beyond Kirchhoff's conceptual horizon.""(DSB, VII, p.382).""Kirchhoff's Law of Thermal Emission was formulated in 1859 (Über das Verhältnis....) - the paper offered. It is at the same time the simplest and least understood law in physics. Kirchhoff's law states that given thermal equilibrium with an enclosure, the radiation inside will be always black, or normal, in a manner which is independent of the nature of the walls, or the objects they contain. This is known as the concept of universality. That is, that radiation within an enclosure can always be described by a universal function dependent only ontemperature and frequency. This universal function was first given us by Max Planck, in 1900. Kirchhoff's law STANDS AT THE HEARTH OF ALL MODERN ASTROPHYSICS. It is the basis for setting the temperature of the stars, for the gaseous model of the Sun, and for believing that we now know the temperature of the entire universe.""(Pierre-Marie Robitaille)..The research background for the paper was his unexpected observation that if the intensity of the solar spectrum increased above a certain limit, the dark D lines were made much darker by the interposition of the sodium flame. he instantly felt, that he had got hold of ""something fundamental"". These observations are described in the second paper offered here ""Über die Frauenhofer'schen Linien..."" which was published first in 1859 in Monatsschrift der Berliner Academie.The volume contains many other importent papers in physics and chemistry, by C.F. Schönbein, Zöllner, H. Fizeau, Eisenlohr, W. Heine, Knoblauch, K.G. Neumann, W. Siemens etc.‎

‎Vorläufige Anzeige des Gesetzes, nach welchem Metalle die Contaktelectricität leiten"‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1825. Contemp. hcalf. 5 raised bands, gilt spine and gilt lettering to spine. A few scratches to spine. Small stamp on verso and on titlepage. A tear to right margin of titlepage repaired. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Poggendorff Bd. 4. (10),476 pp., 4 large folded tables, 6 engraved plates, some folding. Small stamp on verso of plates. Ohm's paper: pp.79-88. Internally fine and clean.‎

‎First appearance of a paper of outmost importence in the history of electricity, - it is Ohm's first scientific paper, and it contains the report on the different original experiments (sending a current through a variety of test wires) that was the foundation for his famous law, Ohm's Law. The paper contains the original research material that was to immortalize his name, for the mathematical formulation of the law two years later in the well-known work ""Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet"" (1827). - This paper was at the same time published in Schweiggers Journal.""Ohm's first scientific paper was ""Vorläufige Anzeige des Gesetzes..."" (the paper offered). In it he sought a functional relationship between the decrease in the electromagnetic force excerted by a current-carrying wire and the lenght of the wire...Fromthe zinc and copper poles of a voltaic pile he ran two wires, A and B, the free ends of which terminated in small mercury-filled cups, M and N"" between M and another cup, O, he ran a third wire, C. Together A,B, and C formed what he called the ""invariable conductor"", to distinguish it from one of the seven wires of different lenghts that, when placed in a circuit between O and N, constituted the ""variable conductor"". Among the latter was one ""veru thick"" wire, four inches long, and six thinner ones, 0.3 line (.025"") in diameter, ranging in lenght from one foot to seventy-five feet. Finally, over wire C hung the magnetic needle of a Coulomb torsion balance, which served to measure the electromagnetic force exerted when one of the variable conductors completed the circuit....(He then found that) the loss in force was equal to the difference between the normal force and the lesser force occasioned by one of the other wires, divided by the normal force. Tabulating these value against the lenghts of the wires, he found that his data were well represented by the formula v=0.41 log (1+x), where v is the loss in force and x is the lenght of the wire in feet....""(DSB X, p.187). - This expression is the preliminary formula for his famous relations between voltage, amperage and resistance, R=V/I.Parkinson ""Breakthrough"" 1825 P. - Ronald's Library p. 376.The volume contains other importent papers in the history of chemistry and physics, Berzelius, F. Wöhler, F.E. Neumann, Heinrich Rose, Chr. Hansteen, Fresnel etc.‎

‎Ueber electrisch-magnetische ewegungen, und die Theorie des Magnetismus"" von Faraday, chem. Assistenten in d. Roy. Inst. (geschrieben London d. 11 Sept. 1821: mit Anmerkungen von einem Freunde des Hrn Ampère. Frei bearbeitet und mit einigen Erläuterun...‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1822. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Annalen der Physik und der Physikalischen Chemie. Hrsg. Ludwig Wilhelm Gilbert"", Bd. 71. Titlepage to vol. 71, pp. 124-171 a. pp. 172-176 and 1 folded engraved plate showing experimental apparatus. Clean and fine.‎

‎First German edition of Faraday's famous paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism. By Michael Faraday, Chemical Assistant in the Royal Institution. (1821)"", recording one of the most influential discoveries in physics in the 19th Century, as Faraday here, as the very first, showed how to CONVERT THE ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC FORCES INTO CONTINUAL MECHANICAL MOVEMENT, thus creating the first electric motor, using the principle of electromagnetic rotation. In the first paper he introduced for the first time the concept of ""LINE OF FORCE"" and hereby deliniating ""a picture of the universe as consisting of fields of various types, one that was more subtle, flexible, and useful than the purely mechanical picture of Galileo and Newton. The FIELD UNIVERSE was to be recognized with Maxwell half a century later and with Einstein, after an interval of another halfcentury.""(Asimov).""Ever since Hans Christian oersted's announcement of the discovery of electromagnetism in the summer of 1820, editors of scientific journals had been inundated with articles on the phenomenon. Theories to explain it had multiplied, and the net effect was confusion. Were all the effects reported real ? Did the theories fit the facts ? It was to answer these questions that Phillips turned to Faraday and asked him to review the experiments and theories of the past months and separate truth from fiction,...Faraday agreed to to undertake a short historical survey...His entusiasm was aroused in September 1821, when he turned to the investigation of the peculiar nature of the magnetic force created by an electrical current. Oersted had spoken of the ""electrical conflict"" surrounding the wiree and had noted that ""this conflict performs circles"".....Yet as he experimented he saw precisely what was happening. Using a small magnetic needle to map the pattern of magnetic force, he noted that oneof the poles of the needle turned in a circle as it was carried around the wire. He immediately realized that a single magnetic pole would rotate unceasingly around a current-carrying wire so long as the current flowed. He then set about devising an instrument to illustrate this effect. His paper ""On some new Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism"" appeared in the 21 October 1821 issue of the ""Quarterly Journal of Science"" (The paper offered in the first German edition). It records the first conversion of electrical into mechanical energy. It also contained the first notion of the line of force.""(DSB IV, pp. 533).‎

‎Inteferenzerscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen. (+ M. Laue:) Eine quantitative Prüfung der Theorie für die Inteferenzerscheinungen bei Röntgenstrahlen. (+ M. Laue und F. Tank:) Die gestalt der Interferenzpunkte bei den Röntgenstrahlinterferenzen. (3 pape...‎

‎(Leipzig, Ambrosius Barth, 1913). Without wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik"", Vierte Folge, Bd. 41, No.10. The entire issues offered. Pp. 873-1064 a. 6 plates. Laue's papers: pp. 971-988, pp. 989-1002 a. pp. 1003-1011. With the 5 famous plates in collotype (reproductions of the photographic plates), showing the X-Ray diffraction spectrum of different salt and substances (The ""Laue diagram"").‎

‎These papers represents the first full exposition of Laue's and his co-worker's discovery of the nature of X-Rays. The first two papers were printed the year before in ""Münchener Sitzungsberichte"", but finds their final form here and with the experimental confirmation by Laue and Tank. He showed that the regular spacing of the atoms in a crystal can serve as a grating of the desired precision, and he measures the wave-lenght of the X-rays.That crystals might be the appropriate grating for the X-rays proved to be well founded when Knipping, Friedrich and Tank found experimental confirmation of the theory.""It was in 1895 that Röntgen discovered a new form of radiation, to which, as its nature was so uncertain, he gave the name of the X-ray.....It was not until 1912, when von Laue showed it could be diffracted like ordinary light, that it was recognized with certainty as an ether wave of extremely short wave-lenght.Laue used a crystal for his diffraction grating...The X-ray is therefore identical with with light in respect to its nature, but differs greatly in quality: a state of things which is very favourable to an extension of our general knowledge of such radiations.""(William Bragg in ""The Universe of Light"", pp. 228 ff.).""It was the work of Laue and the experiments done by Friedrich and Knipping on his suggestion that cleared up the nature of X rays once and for all and that, moreover, beautifully demonstrated that crystals are composed of atoms arranged in a regular lattice......As in the case of Röntgen's original discovery, the photographs were extremely convincing. Other researchers immediately were attracted by the new field of X-ray spectroscopy and the discoveries by the Braggs and Mosely soon followed.""(Siegmund Brandt ""The harvest of a Century"", Episode 20, p. 80 ff.).""The awarding of the Nobel Prize in physics for 1914 to Laue indicated the significance of the discovery that Albert Einstein called ""ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL IN PHYSICS"". Subsequently it was possible to investigate X radiation itself by means of wavelenght determinations as well as to study the structure of the irradiated material. In the truest sense of the word scientists began to cast light on the structure of matter.""(DSB VIII, p. 51).PMM: 406 (the first 2 papers in Münchener Sitzungsberichte).The offered issue of ""Annalen"" contains also an importent paper by P. DEBYE & A. SOMMERFELD: ""Theorie des lichtelektrischen Effektes vom Standpunkt des Wirkungsquantums"", pp. 873-930‎

‎Éclipse de Soleil du 18 Aout 1868. Rapport adressé par M. Janssen au Maréchal de France Président du Bureau des Longitude.‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1878. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 4e Series - Tome 15. 512 pp. a. 3 folded engraved plates. (The entire volume offered). Janssen's memoir: pp. 414-426.‎

‎First appearance of this milestone paper in chemistry, physics and astronomy, announcing the discovery of the helium lines in the spectrum of the sun. It was Lockyer in the same year that named it 'helium' for Helios, the Greek God of the Sun. Helium was not discovered on the earth before 1895 by William Ramsay, and it was Crookes who established its identity with the helium Janssen and Lockyer observed in the spectrum of the sun.""He Janssen) met immortality by travelling to India in 1868 to study the total eclipse. It was then that he observed the helium line and forwarded the spectral data to ockyer. He also noted the size of the solar prominences. The day after the eclipse he attempted to take their spectra again and succeeded despite the absence of the obscuring moon. he then announced jubilantly that it was the day after the eclipse that was the real eclipse day for him. Lockyer also reported this method of studying prominences without an eclipse....Like Lockyer he lived to see his observation of the helium line vindicated by Ramsay's discovery of that element on earth.""(Asimov).""This (the discovery of helium lines in the sun by Lockyer) was announced on the same day by the French astronomer Janssen, who was in India observing a total eclipse. As a result, the French government some ten years later struck a medallion showing the heads of both scientists.By that time, the two men had made a much more dramatic discovery at the same time, this time in cooperation. Janssen, studying the spectrum ofthe sun during the eclipse, had noted a fine line he did not recognize. he send a report on this to Lockyer, an acknowledges expert on solar spectra. Lockyer compared the reported position of the line with lines of known elements, concluding that it must belong to a yeat unknown element, possibly not even existing on the earth. He named the element, from the Greek word for the sun.""(Asimov).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1868 A. - The volume contains other notable papers by Dumas, Berthelot et al.‎

‎Mémoire sur la Diffraction de la lumière, où l'on examine particululièrement le phénomène des franges colorées que présentent les ombres des corps éclairés par un point lumineux. - Extrait d'une Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago, sur l'influence de ...‎

‎Paris, Crochard, 1816-25. Bound in 2 fine recent hmorocco. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Redigées par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago"", Tome I, IV, IX, X, XI, XV, XVII, XX, XXI, XXIII, XXVIII and XXIX. Some memoirs with scattered brownspots. All but volume 15 with the orig. titlepages to the volumes. Vol. XV having instead of the titlepage, a sample of the orig. printed wrappers, December issue 1820. Bound at end of volume 2. The memoir, no. 25a below is inserted at the end of volume 2. Some of the memoirs having textillustrations. Some versos of titlepages with stamps.‎

‎First appearances of this groundbreaking series of papers and memoirs in which Fresnel established the scientific basis for the wave theory of light and gave the theoretical framework for explaining, in the context of his theory of the transversal nature of lightwaves, the phenomena of double refraction, refraction, dispersion, polarization, interference, diffraction patterns, diffraction fringes as light spreads around objects, etc. He developed mathematically the hypothesis of the wave nature of light and he demonstrates its conformity with experience. His study of light was a dynamic interplay between theory and observation, between mathematics and experiment. - The offered series also comprises the contributions from Arago and the rapports from The French Academy's committees by Ampère, Biot and Fourier - see below nos. 6,11,14,15,a.nd 18.""From the point of view of method, his investigations extended from the manual operations of the laboratory to the most abstract mathematical analyses. Few physicists since Newton had been so versatile.""(Silliman in ""Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences"", vol. 4, p. 155.).""The wave-thory at this time was still encumbered with difficulties. Diffraction was not satisfactorily explained" for polarization no explanation of any kind was forthcoming the Huygenian construction appeared to require two different luminiferous media within double refracting bodies and the universality of that construction had been impugned by Brewster's discovery of biaxial crystals. The upholders of the emission theory, emboldened by the success of Laplace's theory of double refraction, thought the time ripe for their final triunph and as a step to this, in March 1817 they proposed Diffration as the subject of the Academy's prize for 1818. Their expectation was disappointed" and the successful memoir afforded the first of a series of reverses of which, in the short space of seven years, the corpuscular theory was completely owerthrown. The author was Augustin Fresnel...""(Whittaker ""A History of the Theories of Aether & Electricity"", vol. 1, p.107 ff.).""This concept of transverse waves met with the greatest hostility from the scientists of the day, who could not imagine an extremely fluid and rarified ether which at the same time possessed the mechanical properties of a rigid body. Even Arago admitted that he could not follow the exuberant engineer in his ideas. ButFresnel was convinced that at last he had the key to many mysteries, and with his model of waves he gave a full clarification of the phenomena of polarization. With insuperable precision he explained a long series of extremely complicated experiments, such as those of chromatic polarization that Arago himself had discovered by chance in 1811, and which the followers of Newton could not explain in spite of all their efforts. Following this line Fresnel reached the synthesis which is his masterpiece....we must recall the final interpretation that he gave of the famous phenomenon of partial reflection by transparent surfaces, that simple phenomenon which until then had puzzled Grimaldi, Newton, and Huygens, and which in Malus's experiments had unexpectedly acquired a special importencee as it had been compared to the great mystery of double refraction.""(Ronchi ""The Nature of Light"", p. 255 ff.).Comprising:1. Mémoire sur la Diffraction de la lumière, où l'on examine particululièrement le phénomène des franges colorées que présentent les ombres des corps éclairés par un point lumineux. ""Ann.Chim.P."" Tome 1. 1816. With titlepage to vol. 1. Pp. 239-281 and 1 folded engraved plate.2. Extrait d'une Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago, sur l'influence de la chaleur dans les couleurs développées par la polarisation.Tome 4. 1817. With titlepage to vol. 4. Pp. 298-300.3. Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago, sur l'influence du mouvement terrestres dans quelques phénomènes terrestres dans quelques phénoménes d'optique. Tome 9. 1818. With titlepage to vol. 18. Pp. 57-70.4. Note additionelle à la Lettre de M. Fresnel à M. Arago, insérée dans le dernier Cahier des Annales. Tome 9. 1818. Pp. 286-287.5. FRESNEL & ARAGO. Sur l'Action que le rayons de lumiére polarisés exercent les uns sur les autres. Tome 10. 1819. With titlepage to vol. 10. Pp. 288-305. - Also with ""Extrait d'un ouvrage du P. Grimaldi intitulé: Traité physico-mathérmatique de la lumiere des couleurs et de l'iris"". Pp. 306-312.6. ARAGO. Rapport par M. Arago à l'Academie des Sciences, au nom de la Commission qui avait été chargée d'examiner les Mémoires envoyés au concours pour le prix de la diffraction. Tome 11. 1819. With titlepage to vol. 11. Pp. 5-30.7. Mémoire sur la Diffraction de la Lumiere. (Extrait). (This importent Price-Memoir was only printed in full in 1826). Tome 11. 1819. Pp. 246-296.8. Suite Du Mémoire sur la Diffraction de la Lumière. Tome 11. 1819. Pp. 337-378. + Note sur des Essais ayant pour but de décomposer l'eau avec un aimant. Pp. 219-222.9. Note sur des Essais ayant pour but de décomposer l'eau avec un aimant. Tome 15. 1820. Pp. 219-222. No titlepage to vol. 15.10. Résume d'un Mémoire sur la Reflexion de la lumière. Tome 15. 1820. Pp. 379-386. Tome 15 is here represented with the last issue of the year (Decembre 1820, pp. 337-448) and instead of the titlepage having the orig. printed wrappers (bound at end of the second volume).11. ARAGO & AMPÈRE. Rapport fait à l'Academie des Sciences, le lundi 4 juin 1821, sur un Mémoire de M. Fresnel relatif aux couleurs des lames cristallisées douées de la double réfraction. Tome 17. 1821. Titlepage to vol. 17. Pp. 80-102.12. Note sur le Calcul des teintes que la polarisation développe dans les lames cristallisées. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 102-111.13. IIe Note sur la Coloration des lames cristallisées. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. (167-)196.14. BIOT. Remarques de M. Biot sur un Rapport lu, le 4 juin 1821, à l'Academie des Sciences, par MM. Arago et Ampere. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 225-258.15. ARAGO. Examen des Remarques de M. Biot. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 258-273. 16. Addition à la IIe Note insérée dans le Cahier précédent, par M. Fresnel. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 312-315.17. Note sur les remarques de M. Biot, publiées dans le Cahier précédent. Tome 17. 1821. Pp. 393-403.18. FOURIER, AMPÈRE ET ARAGO. Rapport fait à l'Academie sur un Mémoire de M. Fresnel, relatif à la double réfraction. Commission: Fourier, Ampère et Arago. Tome 20, 1822. With titlepage to vol. 20. Pp. 337-344.19. Note sur la double réfraction du verre comprimé. Tome 20. 1822. Pp. 376-383.20. Explication de la Réfraction dans le système des ondes. Tome 21, 1822. Titlepage to vol. 21. Pp. 225-241. + LAGRANGE. Sur la Théorie de la lumière d'Huygens. Pp. 241-246.21. Sur l'Ascension des nuages dans l'atmosphère. Tome 21, 1822. Pp. 260-263.22. Réponse de M. Fresnel à la Lettre de M. Poisson insérée dans le tome XXII des Annales, p. 270. Tome 23, 1823. Titlepage to vol. 23. Pp. 32-49.23. Note sur le Phénomène des anneaux colorés. Tome 23, 1823. Pp. 129-134.24. Suite de la Réponse de M.A. Fresnel à la Lettre de M. Poisson. Tome 23, 1823. Pp. 113-122.25. Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la double Réfraction particulière que présente le cristal de roche dans la irection de son axe. Tome 28, 1825. Titlepage to vol. 28. Pp. 147-161. + (25 a) Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la double Réfraction. Tome 28, 1825. Pp. 263-279. (According to Buchwald ""The Rise of the Wave Theory opf Light"" , p. 462, these 2 extracts composes the entire memoire.26. Note sur la Répulsion que des corps échauffés exercent les uns sur les autres à des distances sensibles. (Lue à l'Institut le 13 juin 1825). Tome 29, 1825. Titlepage to vol. 29. Pp. 57-62.27. Extrait d'un Mémoire sur la Loi des modifications imprimées à la lumière polarisée par sa réflexion totale dans l'intérieur des corps transparens. Tome 29, 1825. Pp. 175-187. (This paper was never printed in full).‎

‎Recherches sur la meilleure Manière de fabriquer les Aiguilles Aimantées, de les suspendre, de s'assurer quelles sont dans le véritable Méridian magnétique: enfin de rendre raison de leurs Variations diurnes régulières: Pièce qui a partae le Prix p... - [THE PRIZE-WINNING PAPER ON MAGNETIC COMPASSES INTRODUCING THE TORSION BALANCE]‎

‎Paris, Moutard, Panckoucke, 1780. 4to. Extract from ""Mémoires fe Mathematique et de Physique, Présentés à l'Academie des Sciences par divers Savans"", Tome IX. With titlepage to vol. IX. Pp. (2), (167-) 264 and 4 folded engraved plates. The memoir has also its own titlepage. Fine and clean. Wide-margined.‎

‎First printing of this monumental memoir (the invention of the TORSION BALANCE) dealing with the best way to construct a magnetic compass. The paper contains the design of a torsion suspension declination compass and the demonstration that the forces of torsion is proportional to the angle of twist. Coulomb received the prize awarded by the Academy for this paper drafted by the Academy in 1777 (he shared the prize with Van Swinden). - ""The importance of this memoir for Coulomb's career is that it CONTAINED ELEMENTS OF ALL HIS MAJOR PHYSICAL STUDIES: the quantitative study of magnetism, torsion and the torsion balance, friction and fluid resistance, and the germ of his theories of elasticity and magnetism.""(DSB).""Coulomb’s first writings on torsion were presented in his Academy prize-winning memoir of 1777, ""Recherches sur la meilleure maniere de fabriquer les aiguilles aimantées.""......... his simple, elegant solution to the problem of torsion in cylinders and his use of the torsion balance in physical applications were important to numerous physicists in succeeding years. In chapter 3, Coulomb developed the theory of torsion in thin silk and hair threads. Here he was the first to show how the torsion suspension could provide physicists with a method of accurately measuring extremely small forces. He showed that within certain angular limits, torsional oscillation consisted of simple harmonic motion. He examined the parameters relating the angle of twist to the length, diameter, and elastic properties of the torsion thread. In the range of simple harmonic oscillation Coulomb demonstrated that the force of torsion was proportional to the angle of twist. He used this principle in measuring small magnetic forces and also called attention to its use in measuring other forces, notably those of fluids in motion. Eventually he was able to measure forces of less than 9 x 10-4 dynes.""""Coulomb’s major memoirs in electricity and magnetism are his 1777 memoir on magnetic compasses, the famous series of seven electricity and magnetism memoirs read at the Academy from 1785 to 1791, and several magnetism memoirs prepared after the French Revolution. In his electrical studies Coulomb determined the quantitative force law, gave the notion of electrical mass, and studied charge leakage and the surface distribution of charge on conducting bodies. In magnetism he determined the quantitative force law, created a theory of magnetism based on molecular polarization, and introduced the idea of demagnetization (basically, that combinations of magnetic poles can ""cancel"" each other).""(DSB).Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"": 1777:P‎

‎Über die Expansionsapparat zur Sichtsbarmachung der Bahnen ionisierender Teilchen in Gasen, und über einige mittels dieses Apparats gewonnene Ergebnisse. Mit 23 Figuren im Text und auf 5 Tafeln. (Eingegangen 6. Oktober 1912). (On an Expansion Apparatu...‎

‎Leipzig, S. Hirzel, 1913. 8vo. Orig. printed wrappers, no backstrip. Wrappers loose. In ""Jahrbuch der Radioaktivität und Elektronik"", 10. bd., Heft 1. Pp. 1-138 (entire issue offered). Wilson's paper: pp. 34-54, textillustrations, showing apparatus and 5 photographic plates, showing ionizing by Alpha-, Beta- and Röntgen- radiation).‎

‎Together with the English version - published 1912 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society - this is Wilson's main paper relating ""that the track of an ionizing particle might be made visible and photographed by condensing water of the ions which is liberated"". The first trails were obtained in 1911 where he submitted a short note of this to the Proceedings. In the offered paper he published the first tracks made by the ionizing particles of alpha, beta and Röntgen-rays. This, Wilson Cloud-Chamber, became an extremely valuable instrument of fundamental research, the discovery of the positron in 1932 and the kaon in 1963 were made by using cloud chambers as detectors.""But the whole course of the particle appears infinitely more clearly by the method invented by C.T.R. Wilson in 1911 and named after him. The radiation is allowed to enter an expansion-chamber, containing a gas saturated with water vapour. A sudden expansion of the chamber cools the gas, and cloud-drops are then formed instantly around the ions produced along the tracks of the particles. By suitable illumination these tracks can be made to stand out clearly as if they had been described by luminous projectiles. The ""Altmeister"" of modern nuclear physics, Lord Rutherford, once called the Wilson chamber ""the most original and wonderful instrument in scientific history"".""Thomson Rees Wilson (1869-1959), a Scottish physicist, is credited with inventing the cloud chamber. Inspired by sightings of the Brocken spectre while working on the summit of Ben Nevis in 1894, he began to develop expansion chambers for studying cloud formation and optical phenomena in moist air. Very rapidly he discovered that ions could act as centers for water droplet formation in such chambers. He pursued the application of this discovery and perfected the first cloud chamber in 1911. In Wilson's original chamber the air inside the sealed device was saturated with water vapor, then a diaphragm is used to expand the air inside the chamber (adiabatic expansion). This cools the air and water vapor starts to condense. When an ionizing particle passes through the chamber, water vapor condenses on the resulting ions and the trail of the particle is visible in the vapor cloud. Wilson, along with Arthur Compton, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his work on the cloud chamber. (Wikipedia).‎

‎Artificial Radioactivity produced by Neutron Bombardment. (Communicated by Lord Rutherford) + Artificial Radioactivity produced by Neutron Bombardment - II. (Communicated by Lord Rutherford). 2 Papers.‎

‎London, Harrison and Sons, 1934 a. 1935. Royal8vo. Bound in 2 contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A stamp on verso of titlepages. In: ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Series A, Vol. 146 and vol. 149. VI,942 pp. + VIII,600 pp. (Entire volumes offered). The joint papers: pp. 483-500 (1934) and pp. 522-558 (1935).‎

‎These seminal papers constitutes the description of the first realization of artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment, and it is the first demonstration of neutron-induced radioactivity. These highlights and his many other results have left their imprint on the most diverse parts of physics. Fermi was awarded the Nobel prize in 1938 for these discoveries.""Acting on this idea, (Fermi reasoned that neutrons should be more effective than alpha particles in producing radioactive elements because they are not repelled by the nuclear charge and thus have a much greater probability of entering the target nuclei) Fermi bombarded several elements of increasing atomic numbers with neutrons. He hoped to find an artificial radioactivity produced by the neutrons. His first success was with fluorine. The neutron source was a small ampul containing beryllium metal and radon gas. The detecting apparatus consisted of rather primitive Geiger-Müller counters. Immediately thereafter Fermi, with the help of Amaldi, D’Agostino, Rasetti, and Segrè, carried out a systematic investigation of the behavior of elements throughout the periodic table. In most cases they performed chemical analysis to identify the chemical element that was the carrier of the activity. In the first survey, out of sixty-three elements investigated, thirty-seven showed an easily detectable activity. The nuclear reactions of (n, a), (n, p), and (n, ?) were then identified, and all available elements, including uranium and thorium, were irradiated. In uranium and thorium the investigators found several forms of activity after bombardment but did not recognize fission. Fermi and his collaborators, having proved that no radioactive isotopes were formed between lead and uranium, put forward the natural hypothesis that the activity was due to transuranic elements. These studies, which were continued by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Irène Joliot Curie, Frédéric Joliot, and Savitch, culminated in 1938 in the discovery of fission by Hahn and Fritz Strassmann.""(DSB).""The present papers are a summary of these letters (the letters from the team communicated almost weakly to ""Ricerca Scientifica"") for the English speaking readers. ""When we (Fermi and Segre) went to Cambridge, we discussed with him (rutherford), in great detail, our work. The work which had been accomplished up to that date by our group is summarized in a paper which was presented by Lord Rutherford to the Royal Society (Paper No. 98). The manuscript of this paper had been prepared in Rome and delivered to him in Cambridge. he read it immediately with great attention, made several corrections to improve our English, and turned it over to the Royal Society. I asked him whether it would be possible to obtain a speedy publication and he immediately answered ""What did you think I was President of the Royal Society for ?"" (Collected Papers of Enrico Fermi, Vol. I, p. 641).Volume 149 contains the importent joint paper on SUPERCONDUCTIVITY by the brothers FRITZ And H. LONDON ""The Electromagnetic Equations of the Superconductor"", pp. 71-88.""In 1933 shortly before Heinz London joined his brother at Oxford, W. Meissner and R. Ochsenfeld made a startling discovery. It was well known that currents in superconductors flow in such a way as to shield points inside the material from changes in the external magnetic field. This indeed is an obvious property of any resistance less medium, fully discussed by Maxwell in 1873 long before the discovery of superconductivity. But a superconductor does more. Whereas a zero resistance medium only counteracts changes in the field, it actually tends to expel the field present in its interior before cooling.... The London quickly saw its implications and in 1935 published a joint paper on the electrodynamics of superconductors, in which they replaced (paper by Deaver and Fairbanks) by a new phenomenological equation connecting the current with the magnetic rather than the electric field... ""(DSB).‎

‎De la Production et de la Reproduction du Son par la Lumière. Mémoire lu à l'Association américaine pour l'avancement des Sciences, au Congrès de Boston, le 27 août 1880. (+) Les Récepteurs photophoniques de Sélénium. (Cette Note fait suite au M´wem...‎

‎Paris, G. Masson, 1880. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf, raised bands, gilt spine. Light wear along edges. Small stamps on verso of titlepage. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 5e Series, Tome 21. 576 pp. and 2 folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Bell's paper: 399-430. With 11 fine textillustrations (showing the apparatus). Clean and fine.‎

‎First French version of ""On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light"" (the French version published in November and the English in October 1880) of this importent paper in which Bell describes his and Charles Sumner Tainter's, his assistent, invention of the Photophone or Radiophone, THE PROGENITOR OF MODERN FIBER OPTICS. This invention made possible the world's FIRST WIRELESS TELEPHONE MESSAGE, and the first call was sent from the Franklin Scool to the window of Bell's laboratory, some 213 meter away.Also with Breguet's importent paper on the Selenium used in the technology.""On June 3, 1880, Alexander Graham Bell transmitted the first wireless telephone message on his newly invented ""photophone."" Bell believed the photophone was his most important invention. The device allowed for the transmission of sound on a beam of light. Of the eighteen patents granted in Bell's name alone, and the twelve he shared with his collaborators, four were for the photophone. Bell's photophone worked by projecting voice through an instrument toward a mirror. Vibrations in the voice caused similar vibrations in the mirror. Bell directed sunlight into the mirror, which captured and projected the mirror's vibrations. The vibrations were transformed back into sound at the receiving end of the projection. The photophone functioned similarly to the telephone, except the photophone used light as a means of projecting the information, while the telephone relied on electricity."" (Mary Bellis).The first successful attempts were based upon the properties of selenium: ""The electric resistance of which varies with the degree of illumination to which it is exposed. Hence, given a transmitting instrument, such as a flexible mirror, by which the vibrations of a sound could throw into vibrations a beam of light, a receiver, consisting of sensitive selenium, forming part of an electric circuit with a battery and a telephone, should suffice to translate the varying intensities of light into corresponding varying intensities of electric current, and finally into vibrations of the telephone disk audible once more as sound."" (Prescott, George. Bell's Electric Speaking Telephone. 313 p.).‎

‎Passage de Vénus"" Methode pour obtenir photographiquement l'instant des contacts, avec les circonstances physiques qu'ils présentent. (+) Présentation de quelques spécimens de photographies solaires obtenues avec un appareil construit pour la mis...‎

‎Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1873, 1874, 1874 a.1882. 4to. No wrappers. In: ""Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences"", Vol. 76, No 11, Vol. 78, No 25, Vol. 79, No 1, Vol. 94, No 14. (3 entire issues offered). Pp. (677-) 732, pp. (1721-) 1780, pp. (5-) 72 and pp. (901-) 996. Janssen's papers: pp. 677-679, pp. 1730-31, pp. 6-7 and pp. 909-911. (The main paper having the title-page to the volume (vol. 79), stamp to title-page).‎

‎First printings of this series of epoch-making papers in which Janssen introduced the ""PHOTOGRAPHIC REVOLVER"" and its first successfull use leading to the ""First Film"" and hereby ""realized one of the operations necessary for cinematography""(DSB).In the first papers he conceived the idea of a device of historical interest, the photographic revolver, the technique of short exposures, which is announced here. The third paper is the epoch-making paper in which he specifically describes the ""revolver"" and its results, the ""first film"". The fourth paper is his responce to Marey's famous expriments with the ""revolver"" recording the flight of birds.""A long barreled canon-like automatic camera was invented in 1874 by an outstanding pioneer of modern astronomical photography, Jules Janssen. Janssen used the revolving plate technique and called his camera a 'pistol'. Janssen's method used the forerunner of a number of 'gun' cameras with a slowly revolving plate and shutter operated by clockwork. The photos were taken every 70 seconds along the margin of the negative and he used his pistol to record a 48 image sequence of the transit of Venus across the sun at an exposure rate of 1.5 seconds.""""In planning for the observation of the transit of Venus, which he was to observe in Japan on 9 Deembe 1874, Janssen decided to substitute for visual observation at the time of transit a series of photographs taken in rapid succession, which would permit him to measure the successive positions of the planet in relation to the solar limb. He ordered the construcion of an apparatus consisting of three circular disks with the same axis: the first, pierced by twelve slits, served as the shutter"the second contained a window" the photographic plate, which was circular, was fixed to the third. The first two disks turned with a synchronized movement, the shutter disk continuously and the other irregularly in the intervals of time in which the window was not swept by a slit. A series of separate images laid out on a circle was thus obtained on the plate. In a general manner the apparatus provided an analysis of a motion on the basis of the sequence of its elemental aspects. Here Janssen realized one of the operations necessary for cinematography, which was invented twenty years later, and which required, besides analysis, the synthesis of images."" (DSB). ‎