3828 books for « smith g m »Edit

‎Getijdenboek voor Farnese, inleiding en toelichting van Webster Smith‎

‎Utrecht/Antwerpen 1976 Het Spectrum Hardcover Fine 1st Edition ‎

‎Langue: néerlandais. Livre des heures pour Farnese, introduction et commentaire de Webster Smith 180 x 110 mm, 168 pages, couverture rigide en lin beige, avec impression dorée sur le dos et le devant du livre, en cassette, en bon état 173 pages avec de nombreuses photos en couleur et en noir et blanc 300 x 230 mm, couverture souple [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎psychic messages from Oscar Wilde‎

‎London 1924 T. Werner Laurie Ltd. Hardcover 1st Edition ‎

‎Couverture rigide (imperfections sur les couvertures), 22 x 14 cm, 179 pp., Anglais, 1ère édition, état du livre : Très bon, seulement des taches sur la page de titre Hester Travers Smith (également connue sous le nom de Hester Dowden), une médium spiritualiste irlandaise de premier plan, a publié Psychic Messages from Oscar Wilde en 1923 (ou 1924). L'ouvrage détaille les communications présumées avec l'esprit du dramaturge décédé Oscar Wilde, réalisées par l'écriture automatique et des séances de planche Ouija. Contenu et Contexte Clés La Voix ""Wilde"" : Les messages sont remarqués pour leur tentative d'imiter l'esprit caustique et le style aphoristique de Wilde. Dans ces écrits, l'esprit de Wilde offre des critiques littéraires acerbes sur ses contemporains, tels que Ulysses de James Joyce et George Meredith. Structure : Le livre, parfois intitulé Oscar Wilde from Purgatory, comprend des chapitres sur des phénomènes psychiques comme la cryptesthésie et l'influence subconsciente, ainsi que des transcriptions des ""conversations"". Contributeurs : Il présente une préface de Sir William F. Barrett, un physicien et co-fondateur de la Society for Psychical Research, qui a analysé la validité des scripts tout en se distanciant des opinions littéraires de l'esprit. Réception : Bien que les spiritualistes aient pris les messages au sérieux, les critiques les considéraient souvent comme un ""pastiche inconfortable"" de la voix de Wilde ou une fan fiction littéraire élaborée. [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎The Burghs of Scotland, a Critical List‎

‎London 1965 OXFORD UNIVERITY PRESS Original Cloth Very Good 1° Edition ‎

‎Les Burghs d'Écosse, une Liste Critique par George Smith Pride, (XVII) 88 p, 22 x 14,5 cm, très bon état‎

‎ Ex-libris.‎

‎Raymond Smith, Ex-libris. Ex-libris, 81*61mm. [336-3] ‎

‎ Ex-libris.‎

‎Oscar Contreras (propriétaire) ; Ismael Smith (artiste), Ex-libris. Ex libris (105*113 mm). ‎

‎English Botany ; or, Coloured Figures of British Plants , with Their Essential Characters , Synonyms , and Places of Growth the second edition vol. IX complet‎

‎London 1842 C. E. Sowerby Cloth ‎

‎Langue: anglais. Botanique anglaise; ou, Figures en couleur des plantes britanniques, avec leurs caractères essentiels, synonymes et lieux de croissance, deuxième édition vol. IX, couverture en toile, 22,5 x 15 cm, 110 pp + 262 gravures en taille-douce entièrement coloriées, seulement des taches sur les 4 premières pages et les 4 dernières pages, en très bon état général. [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎Chinese Characteristics‎

‎New York 1894 Fleming H. Revell Company Hardcover ‎

‎Reliure en toile rouge avec impression en blanc et or, 21 x 15 cm, 342 pp., Anglais, Illustrations, état du livre : Très Bon, avec des pages non coupées, coupe inégale. [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎Chinese Characteristics‎

‎Edinburgh 1900 Oliphant Anderson and Ferrier Hardcover ‎

‎Reliure originale en toile de l'éditeur, 21 x 16 cm, 342 pp., Anglais, Illustrations [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎RARA Arithmetica A catalogue of the arithmetics written before the year MDCI with a description of those in the library of George Arthus Plimpton of New York‎

‎New York 1970 Chelsea publishing company Hardcover 1st Edition ‎

‎Relié, 21 x 15 cm, XVIII + 725 pp., Anglais, 1ère édition, Illustrations, état du livre : Très Bon [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎Emma dit: Chaque fois toutes les fois.‎

‎s. l.: Family Health International, Aidstech, s. d. [c. 2000 ?] Bande dessinée comprenant 31 planches en couleurs sur papier fort (27 x 35 cm) sous reliure plastifiée à anneaux pouvant se transformer en présentoir. Cette bande dessinée, destinée a être utilisée par les éducateurs de prévention du SIDA en Afrique de l'ouest et le corps médical, est constituée de 3 courtes histoires montrant la vie de tous les jours des femmes africaines. Chaque histoire est suivie de questions pouvant être utilisées par les éducateurs. Bon état d'usage (la 2ème planche est salie sur les bords par suite des manupulations). Document inconnu à WorldCat.‎

‎Bande dessinée comprenant 31 planches en couleurs sur papier fort (27 x 35 cm) sous reliure plastifiée à anneaux pouvant se transformer en présentoir. Cette bande dessinée, destinée a être utilisée par les éducateurs de prévention du SIDA en Afrique de l'ouest et le corps médical, est constituée de 3 courtes histoires montrant la vie de tous les jours des femmes africaines. Chaque histoire est suivie de questions pouvant être utilisées par les éducateurs. Bon état d'usage (la 2ème planche est salie sur les bords par suite des manupulations). Document inconnu à WorldCat. [M.C.: Afrique noire, bande dessinée, femmes, éducation, santé, SIDA].‎

‎Nouveau Voyage de Guinée, contenant une Description exacte des Coutumes, des manières, du Terrain, du Climat, des Habillements, des Bâtiments, de l'Education, des Arts manuels, de l'Agriculture, du Commerce, des Emplois, des Langages, des Rangs de distinction, des Habitations, des Divertissements, des Mariages, & généralement de tout ce qu'il y a de remarquable parmi les Habitants, etc., traduit de l'anglais.‎

‎Paris: chez Durand, chez Pissot, 1751 2 parties en 1 vol. in-12, x-258 et [2]-314 pages, 5 planches se dépliant, 6 planches ajoutées. Reliure plein veau brun d'époque, dos à 5 nerfs orné de caissons et de fleurons dorés, pièce de titre de maroquin rouge, tranches rouges, roulettes dorées sur les coupes, bel exemplaire. Edition originale de la traduction française. Ouvrage enrichi de la suite complète des planches dépliantes gravées sur cuivre par N. B. de Poilly, issue de Histoire de la Jamaïque, par Sloane, publiée la même année. L'auteur fut envoyé en 1726 par la Royal African Company pour lever les plans de ses forts sur la côte de Guinée. (Sabin, 84561).‎

‎2 parties en 1 vol. in-12, x-258 et [2]-314 pages, 5 planches se dépliant, 6 planches ajoutées. Reliure plein veau brun d'époque, dos à 5 nerfs orné de caissons et de fleurons dorés, pièce de titre de maroquin rouge, tranches rouges, roulettes dorées sur les coupes, bel exemplaire. Edition originale de la traduction française. Ouvrage enrichi de la suite complète des planches dépliantes gravées sur cuivre par N. B. de Poilly, issue de Histoire de la Jamaïque, par Sloane, publiée la même année. L'auteur fut envoyé en 1726 par la Royal African Company pour lever les plans de ses forts sur la côte de Guinée. (Sabin, 84561). [M.C.: Afrique noire, voyages, Côte de Guinée].‎

‎Stories from Wagner‎

‎London Hardcover ‎

‎Langue: anglais. Histoires de Wagner, racontées aux enfants série, 15 x 12 cm, 115 pp, avec 8 images en couleur, très bon état [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎Beeldende kunst in de twintigste eeuw‎

‎Hong Kong 1999 KONEMANN VERLAGGESELLSCHAFT Soft cover Fine ‎

‎Langue: néerlandais. L'art visuel au XXe siècle 400 pages avec de nombreuses illustrations et photos en noir et blanc et en couleur couverture souple, 280 x 215 mm, en bon état‎

‎The psychology of the criminal‎

‎ 1922 Methuen & Co Soft cover ‎

‎La psychologie du criminel couverture rigide en tissu bleu : 19,5 x 145 cm, 182 pages, en bon état‎

‎Les Drapeaux à travers les âges et dans le monde entier‎

‎ 1976 Laterza Hardcover As New 1st Edition ‎

‎Langue: français. Les Drapeaux à travers les âges et dans le monde entier 290 x 225 mm, couverture rigide, reliure en lin bleu avec couverture anti-poussière, 360 pp en bon état‎

‎Catalogue of English furniture and woodwork, Vol I Gothic and Early Tudor‎

‎London 1923 Victoria and Albert Museum Hardcover ‎

‎Langue: anglais. Catalogue de meubles et de bois anglais, Vol I Gothique et Tudor précoce catalogue Relié, 250 x 185 mm, 68 pp. + 56 pl., illustrations en noir et blanc, en bon état [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎Catalogue of English furniture and woodwork, Vol II Late Tudor and Early Stuart‎

‎London 1930 Victoria and Albert Museum Hardcover ‎

‎Langue: anglais. Catalogue de meubles et de bois anglais, Vol II Catalogue de la fin des Tudor et du début des Stuart Relié, 250 x 185 mm, 56 pp. + 52 pl., illustrations en noir et blanc, en bon état [Cette description peut avoir été traduite par une IA.]‎

‎A Golden Treasury: Jewellery from the Indian Subcontinent‎

‎ 1999 Victoria and Albert Museum/Mapin Hardcover 1st Edition ‎

‎Langue: anglais. Un Trésor d'Or : Bijoux du Sous-continent Indien Reliure rigide, couverture verte avec jaquette, 280 x 220 mm, 144 pp. illustré, état excellent‎

‎Royal Navy ships' badges‎

‎ 1974 Balfour Publications Hardcover 1st Edition ‎

‎Langue: anglais. Badges des navires de la Royal Navy Reliure rigide, en toile bleue avec jaquette, 240 x 185 mm, 96 pp, avec illustrations en couleur, en excellent état‎

‎Trois hommes en ballon au-dessus de l'Afrique.‎

‎Paris: Hachette, 1968 in-8, 255 pages, illustrations. Broché, couverture illustrée, bon état.‎

‎in-8, 255 pages, illustrations. Broché, couverture illustrée, bon état. [M.C.: Afrique noire, voyages, aérostation, aventure].‎

‎Scandinavian cooking. Recipes from Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland, selected by Wezäta test kitchen and translated by Madeleine Lundberg.‎

‎Gothenburg: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1976 in-8, 128 pages, illustrations. Cartonnage illustré.‎

‎in-8, 128 pages, illustrations. Cartonnage illustré. [M.C.: gastronomie, cuisine, Scandinavie].‎

‎ Ex-libris.‎

‎ Ex-libris collé(s) sur une feuille cartonnée 21*27cm. Ex-libris (103*154mm) ‎

‎Untersuchung der Natur und Ursachen von Nationalreichthümern, Aus dem Englischen. 2 Bände. - [THE SEMINAL FIRST TRANSLATION OF 'WEALTH OF NATIONS']‎

‎Leipzig, Weidmann, 1776-78. 8vo. Bound in two nice uniform contemporary half calf bindings with five raised bands and gilt lettering to spine. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front free end-papers and a small embossed stamp to front free end paper on volume 1 (""Buchhändler u. Antiquar Carl Helf""). Stamp to p. 1 of both volumes. Spines with light soiling and capital on volume 1 lacking a small part of the leather. A few light brown spots throught. A fine set. VIII, 632 pp"" XII, 740 pp.‎

‎First German edition, also being the very first overall translation, of Adam Smith's ground-breaking main work, the ""Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations"". This seminal first translation of the work was undertaken by J.F. Schiller, who finished the first part of the translation in time for it to appear as soon as 1776, the same year as the original English edition. The second part appeared in 1778, the same year as the exceedingly scarce first French translation. This first German translation has been of the utmost importance to the spreading of Smith's ideas throughout Europe, and, after the true first, this must count as the most important edition of the work.""The influence of the Wealth of Nations [...] in Germany [...] was so great that 'the whole of political economy might be divided into two parts - before and since Adam Smith"" the first part being a prelude, and the second a sequel."" (Backhouse, Roger E., The Methodology of Economics: Nineteenth-Century British Contributions, Routledge, 1997.)""The first review of the translation, which appeared in the Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen for March 10, 1777, by J. G. H. Feder, professor of Philosophy at the University of Göttingen, was very favorable. In the words of the reviewer: ""It is a classic"" very estimable both for its thorough, not too limited, often far-sighted political philosophy, and for the numerous, frequently discursive historical notes,"" but the exposition suffers from too much repetition."" (Lai, Cheng-chung. Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations, Clarendon Press, UK, 2000).Until 1797, [...], the work of Adam Smith received scant attention in Germany. While Frederick II was living, Cameralism held undisputed sway in Prussia, and the economic change which began with the outbreak of the French Revolution had still not gained sufficient momentum to awake the economic theorists from their dogmatic slumber."" (Lai, Cheng-chung. Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations, Clarendon Press, UK, 2000).Various German economist read the german translations and was inspired by it.""Christian Garve, [...], must be considered as among the important contributors to the spread of Smith's views. Himself a popularizer of philosophical doctrines, he was early attracted by the Scotch writers and became one of their foremost exponents in Germany."" In 1791 Garve began a second translation of the Smith's work and in the introduction to the the translation he wrote: ""It (Smith's work) attracted me as only few books have in the course of my studies through the number of new views which it gave me not only concerning the actual abject of his investigations, but concerning all related material from the philosophy of civil and social life"". Georg Sartorius, August Ferdinand Lueder and, perhaps the most important economist of the period, Christian Jacob Kraus, were all important figures in the spread of Smith's thought. ""The most significant of Kraus' works and that also which shows his conception of economic science most clearly is the five-volume work entitled State Economy. The first four volumes of this work are little more than a free paraphrase of the Wealth of Nations"". Kraus was: ""to a large extent responsible for the economic changes which took place in Prussia after 1807, in so far as they can be ascribed to Smithan influence."" (Lai, Cheng-chung. Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations, Clarendon Press, UK, 2000).Kraus wrote of the present volume: ""[T]he world has seen no more important book than that of Adam Smith.... [C]ertainly since the times of the New Testament no writing has had more beneficial results than this will have.... [Smith's doctrines form] the only true, great, beautiful, just and beneficial system."" (Fleischacker, Samuel , A Third Concept of Liberty, Princeton University Press, 1999.)_____________Hailed as the ""first and greatest classic of modern thought"" (PMM 221), Adam Smith's tremendously influential main work has had a profound impact on thought and politics, and is considered the main foundation of the era of liberal free trade that dominated the nineteenth century. Adam Smith (1723-1790) is considered the founder of Political Economy in Britain, mainly due to his groundbreaking work, the ""Wealth of Nations"" from 1776. The work took him 12 years to write and was probably in contemplation 12 years before that. It was originally published in two volumes in 4to, and was published later the same year in Dublin in three volumes in 8vo. The book sold well, and the first edition, the number of which is unknown, sold out within six months, which came as a surprise to the publisher, and probably also to Smith himself, partly because the work ""requires much thought and reflection (qualities that do not abound among modern readers) to peruse to any purpose."" (Letter from David Hume, In: Rae, Life of Adam Smith, 1895, p. 286), partly because it was hardly reviewed or noticed by magazines or annuals. In spite of this, it did evoke immense interest in the learned and the political world, and Buckle's words that the work is ""in its ultimate results probably the most important book that has ever been written"", and that it has ""done more towards the happiness of man than has been effected by the united abilities of all the statesmen and legislators of whom history has preserved an authentic account"" (History of Civilisation, 1869, I:214) well describes the opinion of a great part of important thinkers then as well as now. Kress S. 2567Goldsmith 11394Menger 521Not in Einaudi‎

‎Untersuchung der Natur und Ursachen von Nationalreichthümern, Aus dem Englischen. 2 Bände. - [THE SEMINAL FIRST TRANSLATION OF 'WEALTH OF NATIONS']‎

‎Leipzig, Weidmann, 1776-78. 8vo. Bound in two nice uniform contemporary half calf bindings with five raised bands, black title-label and gilt lettering to spine. Small paper-label to upper compartment (Catalogue-number from an estate-library). Light wear to extremities, otherwise a very nice set. VIII, 632 pp" XII, 740 pp.‎

‎First German edition, also being the very first overall translation, of Adam Smith's ground-breaking main work, the ""Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations"". This seminal first translation of the work was undertaken by J.F. Schiller, who finished the first part of the translation in time for it to appear as soon as 1776, the same year as the original English edition. The second part appeared in 1778, the same year as the exceedingly scarce first French translation. This first German translation has been of the utmost importance to the spreading of Smith's ideas throughout Europe, and, after the true first, this must count as the most important edition of the work.""The influence of the Wealth of Nations [...] in Germany [...] was so great that 'the whole of political economy might be divided into two parts - before and since Adam Smith"" the first part being a prelude, and the second a sequel."" (Backhouse, Roger E., The Methodology of Economics: Nineteenth-Century British Contributions, Routledge, 1997.)""The first review of the translation, which appeared in the Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen for March 10, 1777, by J. G. H. Feder, professor of Philosophy at the University of Göttingen, was very favorable. In the words of the reviewer: ""It is a classic"" very estimable both for its thorough, not too limited, often far-sighted political philosophy, and for the numerous, frequently discursive historical notes,"" but the exposition suffers from too much repetition."" (Lai, Cheng-chung. Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations, Clarendon Press, UK, 2000).Until 1797, [...], the work of Adam Smith received scant attention in Germany. While Frederick II was living, Cameralism held undisputed sway in Prussia, and the economic change which began with the outbreak of the French Revolution had still not gained sufficient momentum to awake the economic theorists from their dogmatic slumber."" (Lai, Cheng-chung. Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations, Clarendon Press, UK, 2000).Various German economist read the german translations and was inspired by it.""Christian Garve, [...], must be considered as among the important contributors to the spread of Smith's views. Himself a popularizer of philosophical doctrines, he was early attracted by the Scotch writers and became one of their foremost exponents in Germany."" In 1791 Garve began a second translation of the Smith's work and in the introduction to the the translation he wrote: ""It (Smith's work) attracted me as only few books have in the course of my studies through the number of new views which it gave me not only concerning the actual abject of his investigations, but concerning all related material from the philosophy of civil and social life"". Georg Sartorius, August Ferdinand Lueder and, perhaps the most important economist of the period, Christian Jacob Kraus, were all important figures in the spread of Smith's thought. ""The most significant of Kraus' works and that also which shows his conception of economic science most clearly is the five-volume work entitled State Economy. The first four volumes of this work are little more than a free paraphrase of the Wealth of Nations"". Kraus was: ""to a large extent responsible for the economic changes which took place in Prussia after 1807, in so far as they can be ascribed to Smithan influence."" (Lai, Cheng-chung. Adam Smith Across Nations: Translations and Receptions of The Wealth of Nations, Clarendon Press, UK, 2000).Kraus wrote of the present volume: ""[T]he world has seen no more important book than that of Adam Smith.... [C]ertainly since the times of the New Testament no writing has had more beneficial results than this will have.... [Smith's doctrines form] the only true, great, beautiful, just and beneficial system."" (Fleischacker, Samuel , A Third Concept of Liberty, Princeton University Press, 1999.)_____________Hailed as the ""first and greatest classic of modern thought"" (PMM 221), Adam Smith's tremendously influential main work has had a profound impact on thought and politics, and is considered the main foundation of the era of liberal free trade that dominated the nineteenth century. Adam Smith (1723-1790) is considered the founder of Political Economy in Britain, mainly due to his groundbreaking work, the ""Wealth of Nations"" from 1776. The work took him 12 years to write and was probably in contemplation 12 years before that. It was originally published in two volumes in 4to, and was published later the same year in Dublin in three volumes in 8vo. The book sold well, and the first edition, the number of which is unknown, sold out within six months, which came as a surprise to the publisher, and probably also to Smith himself, partly because the work ""requires much thought and reflection (qualities that do not abound among modern readers) to peruse to any purpose."" (Letter from David Hume, In: Rae, Life of Adam Smith, 1895, p. 286), partly because it was hardly reviewed or noticed by magazines or annuals. In spite of this, it did evoke immense interest in the learned and the political world, and Buckle's words that the work is ""in its ultimate results probably the most important book that has ever been written"", and that it has ""done more towards the happiness of man than has been effected by the united abilities of all the statesmen and legislators of whom history has preserved an authentic account"" (History of Civilisation, 1869, I:214) well describes the opinion of a great part of important thinkers then as well as now. Kress S. 2567Goldsmith 11394Menger 521Not in Einaudi‎

‎Undersøgelse om National-Velstands Natur og Aarsag. Af det Engelske oversat og med nogle Anmærkninger oplyst af Dræbye. 2 Deele. [Anden Deel:] Hertil er føiet Gourvenør Pownals Brev til Forfatteren i hvilket nogle af de i dette Værk fremsatte Læresætn... - [FIRST DANISH EDITION OF ""THE WEALTH OF NATIONS""]‎

‎Kiøbenhavn [Copenhagen], 1779-80. 8vo. Two very nice contemporary brown half calf bindings with raised bands, gilt ornamentations and gilt leather title- and tome-labels. Volume two with a bit of wear to upper capital. Corners slightly bumped. Pencil annotations to verso of title-page in volume one" title-page in volume two mounted to cover up a small hole caused by the removal of an old owner's name. Internally very clean and bright. All in all a very nice, clean, fresh, and tight copy. Engraved (by Weise, 1784) armorial book plate to inside of front boards (Gregorius Christianus Comes ab Haxthausen). (12), 575" (8), 775, (3, - errata) pp.‎

‎The extremely scarce first Danish edition of Adam Smith's seminal main work, ""the first and greatest classic of modern economic thought"" (PMM 221), the main foundational work of the era of liberal free trade. This publication constitutes the first Danish work worth mentioning in the history of economic thought - in spite of the great interest in political economy that dominated Danish political thought in the last quarter of the 18th century. The value of Smith's work was not immediately recognized in Denmark at the time of its appearance and a quarter of a century had to go by for its importance to be acknowledged and for Danish political economy to adapt the revolutionizing theories of Adam Smith. Few copies of the translation were published and sold, and the book is now a great scarcity. As opposed to for instance the German translation of the work, Smith concerned himself a great deal with this Danish translation. As is evident from preserved correspondence about it, he reacted passionately to it and was deeply concerned with the reaction to his work in Scandinavia (see ""Correspondence of Adam Smith"", Oxford University Press, 1977).- As an example, Smith writes in a letter to Andreas Holt on Oct. 26th, 1780: ""It gives me the greatest pleasure to hear that Mr. Dreby has done me the distinguished honour of translating my Book into the Danish language. I beg you will present to him my most sincere thanks and most respectful Compliments. I am much concerned that I cannot have the pleasure of reading it in his translation, as I am so unfortunate as not to understand the Danish language."" The translation was made by Frants Dræby (1740-1814), the son a whiskey distiller in Copenhagen, who mastered as a theologian and was then hired by the great Norwegian merchant James Collett as tutor to his son. There can be no doubt that Dræbye's relation to the Collett house had a great impact upon his interest in economics. In the middle of the 1770'ies, Dræbye accompanied Collett's son on travels throughout Europe, which took them to England in the year 1776, the same year that the ""Wealth of Nations"" was published for the first time. Through the Colletts, Dræbye was introduced to the mercantile environment in England and here became thoroughly acquainted with English economics and politics at the time. It is presumably here that he gets acquainted with Adam Smith's freshly published revolutionary work. When Dræbye returned to Denmark at the end of 1776, he was appointed chief of the Norwegian secretariat of the Board of Economics and Trade. He began the translation of the ""Wealth of Nations"" that he brought back with him from England immediately after his return.""WN [i.e. Wealth of Nations] was translated into Danish by Frants Dræbye and published in 1779 (three years after the first English edition). The translation was initiated by Andreas Holt and Peter Anker, who were acquainted with Smith. Dræbye was a Dane who lived mainly in Norway, reflecting the fact that Norway was much more British-oriented than Denmark proper (Denmark and Norway were united until 1814, when Sweden took Norway away from the Danes"" in 1905 Norway became an independent state). Norwegian merchants lived from exporting timber to Britain and tended on the whole to be adherents of a liberal economic policy, whereas the absolutist government in Copenhagen was more German-oriented and had economic views similar to those in contemporary Prussia."" (Cheng-chung Lai (edt.): ""Adam Smith Across Nations"", p. (37)). The last quarter of the eighteenth century in Denmark was dominated by a lively discussion of monetary policy and the institutional framework best suited to realize that policy. There was a vital interest in questions of economic concern, and contemporary Danish sources refer to the period as ""this economic age"" and state things such as ""never was the world more economically minded"" (both from ""Denmark and Norway's Economic Magazine""). During this period, Smith's revolutionary ideas did not play a major role, however, and only at the beginning of the 19th century did Danish politicians and economists come to realize the meaning of Smith's views. ""Without exaggeration it can essentially be said that a quarter of a century was to pass from the time of the publication of the book in Denmark before Danish political economy fully made Adam Smith's theories and points of view its own. It took so long a time because the economic conditions as a whole in the years from 1780-1800 did not make desirable or necessary the changing of their concepts. That glorious commercial period had to pass before it was understood that we had altogether too little help in our own natural resources and that a different course was, therefore, necessary. Only when one had come so far could the new thinking find a nourishing soil so that it could develop strength with which to push aside the old ideas.""(Hans Degen: ""On the Danish Translation of Adam Smith and Contemporary Opinion Concerning It."" Translated by Henrietta M. Larson. In: Adam Smith Across Nations, p. 51). This first Danish translation is one of the very earliest translations of ""Wealth of Nations"""" it is only preceded by the German (1776-78) and the extremely scarce French (1778-79). As a comparison, the Italian translation does not appear until 1790-91, the Spanish 1792, the Swedish 1800-1804, the Russian 1802, etc.Adam Smith Across Nations: A4 - nr. 1. ""All five books were translated"" appears to be a complete translation. The long letter from Governor Pownall to Adam Smith (25 Sept. 1776) is added as the Appendix (vol. 2, pp. 683 ff.).""(PMM 221 - first edition)‎