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"(PROUT, WILLIAM). - ""PRIMA MATERIA"" FOUND - PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS.
Reference : 46918
(1815)
On the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weight of their Atoms. (+) Correction of a Mistake in the Essay on the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weights of ...
London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1815 a. 1816. 8vo. Bound in 2 ciontemp. full moiré cloth, rebacked. Endpapers renewed. Spine gilt and with gilt lettering. In: ""Annals of Philosophy...by Thomas Thomson"", Vol. VI, July to December, 1815 and Vol. VII January-June 1816. VIII,480 pp. a. 6 plates + VIII,488 pp. a. 10 plates. Some brownspots to plates and offsettings from plates, not affecting Prout's papers. Prout's papers: pp. 320-330 a. pp. 111-113. Internally clean.
First appearance of a milestone-paper in the history of chemistry and atomic theory as Prout here set forth - coupled with experimental evidences - the theory that the elements seems to have atomic weights that are whole number multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen and that all elements is in some way a combination of hydrogen atoms. The theory announced here in Prout's first paper on the subjecy, is called PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS, and it was ""not until the twentieth century that new views of the atom, arising out of the Second Scientific revolution of the 1890s, revitalized the notion. As a result of the work of Soddy and Aston a new form of Prout's hypothesis was established and Prout was found to be not wrong, but merely a century premature.""(Asimov).""The concept of a primary substance as the basis of all matter has a tempting simplicity which has appealed to thinkers from the classic Greek age to our own day. The idea was revived in a new garb in 1815-1816 by a London physician, Willia Prout, who observed that with few exceptions the specific gravities of elementary gases (i.e., their atomic weight) were evenmultiples of of that of hydrogen. The experimental errors in the data then available were such asto make the hypothesis appear plausible. Prout concluded, therefore, that hydrogen isthe fundamental constituent from which all other elements are compounded....... his idea that all matter is composed of the same material is now established.""(Leicester & Klickstein in ""A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900"", p. 275 ff.). - See also note to PMM 407, entry Moseley The Atomic Table.Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1816 C.
"(PROUT, WILLIAM). - ""PRIMA MATERIA"" FOUND - PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS.
Reference : 42993
(1815)
On the Relation between the Specific Gravities of Bodies in their Gaseous State and the Weight of their Atoms.
London, Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1815. 8vo. No wrappers as extracted from ""Annals of Philosophy...by Thomas Thomson"", Vol. VI, July to December, 1815. Titlepage to vol. VI a. pp. (321-)330 incl. 3 tables. Titlepage with a few brownspots.
First appearance of a milestone-paper in the history of chemistry and atomic theory as Prout here set forth - coupled with experimental evidences - the theory that the elements seems to have atomic weights that are whole number multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen and that all elements is in some way a combination of hydrogen atoms. The theory announced here in Prout's first paper on the subjecy, is called PROUT'S HYPOTHESIS, and it was ""not until the twentieth century that new views of the atom, arising out of the Second Scientific revolution of the 1890s, revitalized the notion. As a result of the work of Soddy and Aston a new form of Prout's hypothesis was established and Prout was found to be not wrong, but merely a century premature.""(Asimov).""The concept of a primary substance as the basis of all matter has a tempting simplicity which has appealed to thinkers from the classic Greek age to our own day. The idea was revived in a new garb in 1815-1816 by a London physician, Willia Prout, who observed that with few exceptions the specific gravities of elementary gases (i.e., their atomic weight) were evenmultiples of of that of hydrogen. The experimental errors in the data then available were such asto make the hypothesis appear plausible. Prout concluded, therefore, that hydrogen isthe fundamental constituent from which all other elements are compounded....... his idea that all matter is composed of tyhe same material is now established.""(Leicester & Klickstein in ""A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900"", p. 275 ff.). - See also note to PMM 407, entry Moseley The Atomic Table.
Sur la Composiion des Substances alimentaires simples, etc.
Paris, Crochard, 1827. Contemp. hcalf. Gilt lettering on spine. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Par MM. Gay-Lussac et Arago."", 2 Séries, Tome 36.. Entire volume offered. 448 pp. a. 1 folded engraved plate. Prout's paper: pp. 366-378. Some scattered brownspots.
First French edition (simultaneously with the English original ""On the ultimate composition of simple alimentary substances"".."") of this milestone paper, containing the first scientific classifilassification of foodstuffs as carbonhydrates, fats, proteins, and water.""The brilliant demonstration in 1824 that the gastric juices of animals contains hydrochloric acid appeared incredible to many of Prout's contemporaries. Yet in 1827 (in the paper offered) they readily adopted his classification of foodstuffs into water, saccharinous (carbonhydrates), oleagineous (fats), and albuminous (proteins). Although Prout promised detailled analyses of the three organic aliments, only those of the saccharinous class were published by him. As a vitalist, Prout maintained that organized bodies (which were composed from organic substances) contained ""independent existing vital principles.""Under the influence of these teleological agents, the four aliments were transformed into blood and tissues. Prout termed the process of digestion and blood formation ""primary assimilation."" ""Secondary assimilation"" (Liebig's ""metamorphosis of tissues"") included both the process of tissue formmation from blood and the destruction and removal of unwanted parts from the animal system. The absorption and removal of water from processed aliments were the principal chemical features of chylification and sanguification, respectively. Organization of processed aliments could not occur, however, without the presence and admixture of minute amounts of water or of elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. In 1827 Prout coined the word (in the paper offered) ""merorganized"" to denote the isomerism and vitalization of organic substances by the presence of these incidental materials.""(DSB XI, p. 173). Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1827 C.The volume contains an importent pioneer-investigation on piezo-electricity by ANTOINE CÉSAR BECQUEREL ""De quelques Phénoménes électriques produits pa la pression et le clivage des cristaux"", pp. 265-271.
On the ultimate composition of simple alimentary substances"" with some preliminary remarks on the analysis of organized bodies in general. Read June 14, 1827. - [FIRST SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF FOODSTUFF.]
(London, W. Nicol, 1827). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1827 - Part II. Pp. 355-388 a. 2 engraved plates. (a small dampstain to lower margin of plates). Text clean and fine.
First printing of this milestone paper, containing the first scientific classification of foodstuffs as carbonhydrates, fats, proteins, and water.""The brilliant demonstration in 1824 that the gastric juices of animals contains hydrochloric acid appeared incredible to many of Prout's contemporaries. Yet in 1827 (in the paper offered) they readily adopted his classification of foodstuffs into water, saccharinous (carbonhydrates), oleagineous (fats), and albuminous (proteins). Although Prout promised detailled analyses of the three organic aliments, only those of the saccharinous class were published by him. As a vitalist, Prout maintained that organized bodies (which were composed from organic substances) contained ""independent existing vital principles.""Under the influence of these teleological agents, the four aliments were transformed into blood and tissues. Prout termed the process of digestion and blood formation ""primary assimilation."" ""Secondary assimilation"" (Liebig's ""metamorphosis of tissues"") included both the process of tissue formmation from blood and the destruction and removal of unwanted parts from the animal system. The absorption and removal of water from processed aliments were the principal chemical features of chylification and sanguification, respectively. Organization of processed aliments could not occur, however, without the presence and admixture of minute amounts of water or of elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. In 1827 Prout coined the word (in the paper offered) ""merorganized"" to denote the isomerism and vitalization of organic substances by the presence of these incidental materials.""(DSB XI, p. 173). - Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"" 1827 C.
Some experiments on the changes which take place in the fixed principle of the egg during incubation. Read June 20, 1822.
(London, W. Nicol, 1822). 4to. No wrappers as extracted from ""Philosophical Transactions"" 1822 - Part II. Pp. 377-400.
First printing of a major paper in inorganic chemistry and biology.Prout is most widely known for ""Prout's hypothesis"" which states that specific gravities of elementary gases (i.e., their atomic weight) were evenmultiples of of that of hydrogen. The experimental errors in the data then available were such asto make the hypothesis appear plausible. Prout concluded, therefore, that hydrogen isthe fundamental constituent from which all other elements are compounded..Prout’s other significant contributions included unpublished thoughts on the unity of sensations (1810), on the distinction between taste and flavor (1812), on elaborate self-experiments regarding carbon dioxide output (1813, 1814), on a study of the chemical changes in an incubating egg (1822), (the paper offered)""(DSB).
