2855 books for « lambert d c »Edit

‎Observations sur quelques dimensions du monde intellectual.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spencer, 1770). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", tome XIX. Pp. 421-438. Very nice and clean.‎

‎The rare first printing of one of the few of Lambert's philosophical works that appeared within his life-time. This is one of the three philosophical papers that he published in ""Nova acta Eruditorum"", which are of varying philosophical content.The present work played a significant role in the rediscovery within philosophy of the concept of the ""sublime"", the foundational concept which was so famously treated by Kant in his third Critique (of Judgment). Neither the idea of the beautiful nor of the sublime was novel in the 18th century, as the distinction between the two had already been made in ancient philosophy. However, for several centuries, aesthetics had been dominated by the question of the beautiful, and it was only around Kant's and Lambert's time that the sublime had become a topic of interest again - this time primarily as the sublime in nature. When Lambert thus discusses the sublime in the present article, it is probable that his conception of it can have influenced Kant and his exposition in the ""Critique of Judgment"", which appeared a couple of decades later. ""Kant himself recognized Lambert as a philosopher of the highest qualities"" and he expected much from his critical attitude. He had drafted a dedication of the ""Critique of Pure Reason"" to Lambert, but Lambert's untimely death prevented its inclusion.Lambert's place in the history of philosophy, however, should not be seen only in its relation to Kant. The genesis of his philosophical ideas dates from a time when Kant's major works had yet to be conceived. It was the philosophical doctrines of Leibniz, Christian Wolff, and Locke that exerted the more important influence - insofar as one can speak of influence with a self-taught and wayward man such as Lambert... The two main aspects of Lambert's philosophy, the analytic and the constructive were both strongly shaped by mathematical notions"" hence logic played an important part in his philosophical writing. Following Leibnitz' ideas, Lambert early tried to create and ""ars characteristic conbinatoria"", or a logical or conceptual calculus. He investigated the conditions to which scientific knowledge must be subjected if it is to enjoy the same degree of exactness and evidence as mathematical knowledge..."" (D.S.B. VII:597). ‎

‎Neues Organon oder Gedanken über die Erforschung und Bezeichnung des Wahren und dessen Unterscheidung vom Irrtum und Schein. 2 Bde. - [COINING ""PHENOMENOLOGY""]‎

‎Leipzig, Johann Wendler, 1764. 8vo. Non-uniformely bound. Vol 1: Completely uncut in the original cardboard-binding. Some wear to capitals and hinges. Internally a bit of minor occasional brownspotting. (18), 592 pp. Vol 2: 19th century marbled paper-binding with red gilt title-label to spine. Wear to extremities. Only light occasional brownspotting. (2), 435, (1).‎

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‎The very rare first edition of Lambert's seminal main philosophical work, the work which coined the term ""phenomenology"". ""Neues Organon"" is a work of breakthrough that came to, directly or indirectly, influence almost all later philosophy, also that of Kant.Today, Johann Heinrich Lambert arguably mostly remembered as one of the greatest mathematicians and logicians of his time. However, a true polymath, he also played a dominant role in the development of 18th century philosophy, primarily with his philosophical magnum opus ""Neues Organon"", in which he set out to provide a better methodology for philosophy, with the aid of mathematics. As such, he is considered a path-breaker of Rationalism and one of the most important predecessors of Kant, who knew him well and admired him greatly"" the two corresponded frequently. ""Kant himself recognized Lambert as a philosopher of the highest qualities"" and he expected much from his critical attitude. He had drafted a dedication of the ""Critique of Pure Reason"" to Lambert, but Lambert's untimely death prevented its inclusion.Lambert's place in the history of philosophy, however, should not be seen only in its relation to Kant. The genesis of his philosophical ideas dates from a time when Kant's major works had yet to be conceived. It was the philosophical doctrines of Leibniz, Christian Wolff, and Locke that exerted the more important influence - insofar as one can speak of influence with a self-taught and wayward man such as Lambert... The two main aspects of Lambert's philosophy, the analytic and the constructive were both strongly shaped by mathematical notions"" hence logic played an important part in his philosophical writing. Following Leibnitz' ideas, Lambert early tried to create an ""ars characteristic conbinatoria"", or a logical or conceptual calculus. He investigated the conditions to which scientific knowledge must be subjected if it is to enjoy the same degree of exactness and evidence as mathematical knowledge... In ""Neues Organon"" he next developed the idea of a characteristic language of symbols to avoid ambiguities of everyday language"" and finally, in the most original part of his work called """"Phänomenologie,"" he discussed appearance and gave rules for distinguishing false (or subjective) appearance from a true (or objective) one that is not susceptible to sensory illusions."" (D.S.B. VII:597). ‎

‎Cosmologische Briefe über die Einrichtung des Weltbaues. - [PRE-ESTABLISHING THE BASIC FEATURES OF THE UNIVERSE]‎

‎Augspurg, Eberhard Kletts Wittib., 1761. Contemporary white-dyed sheepskin. Spine with a bit of surface wear, old hand-written paper-label to spine. XXVIII, 317 pp. A stamp inside front free end-paper. Light browning, scattered marginal brownspots, but in general a fine copy. A few leaves in ""Vorrede"" misbound.‎

‎The scarce first edition of Lambert's sensational ""Cosmological Letters"", his most important astronomical work, in which he to a large extent fore-shadowed the documentation of the basic features of the universe that Hershel later carried out.The work became very popular and was translated into French, Russian, and English, and it was later re-written and published as ""Systeme du Monde"" in Berlin, 1770. ""Of special interest among Lambert's astronomical writings - apart from applications of his physical doctrines - are his famous Cosmologische Briefe über die Einrichtung des Weltbaues"" (Augsburg, 1761).Not familiar with the similar ideas of Thomas Wright (1750) and with Kant's ""Allgemeine Naturgeschichte und Theorie des Himmels"" (1755), Lambert had the idea that what appears as the Milky Way might be the visual effect of a lens-shaped universe. On this basis he elaborated a theory according to which the thousand of stars surrounding the sun constituted a system. Moreover he considered the Milky Way as a large number of such systems, that is, a system of higher order…"" the ""Cosmologische Briefe was a great sensation and was translated into French, Russian, and English. Only when William Hershel systematically examined the heavens telescopically and discovered numerous nebulae and ""telescopic milky-ways"" did it become obvious that Lambert's description was not mere science fiction but to a large extent a bold vision of the basic features of the universe"" (Scriba in D.S.B. VII:598). Kant's mentor (Martin Knutzen) died in 1755, three years before the pre-critical project unfolded. But Kant still had the chance of meeting kindred spirits. One of these was the great philosopher and mathematician Johann Heinrich Lambert, whom he admired a great deal. Finally he had encountered a thinker who appreciated both the scientific and metaphysical perspective, who worried about their tensions, and who was searching for a truce. In his ""Cosmologische Briefe…"" (Cosmological Letters on the establishment of the universe), Lambert worked on the same topic as Kant had worked on in his earlier Universal Natural History. The tasks and results of both works resemble each other, in so far as they were both proposals of integrating Newtonian physics into a larger framework, and they both contained a theory of the dynamic constitution of the universe. Furthermore, as Kant's scientific works should be viewed under the perspective of his general philosophical outlook, so must Lambert's work in physics and astronomy be seen in relation to his general philosophical outlook and his perpetual quest for introducing mathematical exactness into the sciences. ""Lambert's efforts to improve communication and collaboration in astronomy were noteworthy. He promoted the publication of astronomical journals and founded ""Berliner astronomisches Jahrbuch oder Ephemeriden"". Many of the articles that he contributed to it were not published until after his death... He also favored the founding of the Berlin observatory. These suggestions, in line with Leibniz' far-reaching plans for international cooperation of scientific societies, inaugurated a new period of scientific teamwork."" (D.S.B., VII:598). ‎

‎Observations Trigonometriques. - [FORESHADOWING NON-EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY]‎

‎(Berlin, Haude & Spener, 1770). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", tome XXIV, pp. 327-354 and 1 engraved plates.‎

‎First edition. Lambert's work on non-Euclidean geometry is among the most important in the field. Carl Boyer writes ""No one else came so close to the truth without actually discovering non-Euclidean geomtry."" (History of Mathematics, pp. 504). Lambert wrote his famous book 'Theorie der Parallellinien' in 1766, but it was not published until 1786 (nearly a decade after his death). Lambert originally set out to prove Euclid's parallel postulate in a similar way to that which Saccheri had used in his 'Euclides Vindicatus', but in contrast he did not interpret the consequences of non-Euclidean geometry as absurd. The offered paper ('Observations Trigonometriques') is the only work by Lambert on non-Euclidean geometry which was published during his life-time. Here he made the important discovery of the duality between spherical and hyperbolic geometry, i.e., that hyperbolic trigonometries can be deduced from spherical trigonometries by using imaginary angles (and consequently he introduced the hyperbolic functions, for the first time). By illustrating this duality Lambert gave strong evidence of the consistency of non-Euclidean geometries. (See Kline's Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, pp. 404 & 868).‎

‎Mémoire sur quelques Propriétés remarquable des Quantités transcendentes circulaires et logarithmiques. - [LAMBERT'S CONTINUED FRACTIONS AND IRRATIONALITY OF ""N""]‎

‎(Berlin, Haue et Spener, 1768). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XVII, pp. 265-322 and 1 folded engraved plate.‎

‎First edition, journal issue. ""One of Lambert's most famous results is the proof of the irrationality of ""N"" and e. It was based on the continued fractions, and two such fractions still bear his name.""(DSB).""Euler's work on continued fractions was used by Johann Heinrich Lambert.....to prove that if x is a rational number (not 0), then ex and tan x cannot be rational. He thereby proved not only that ex for positive integral x is irrational, but that all rational numbers have irrational natural (base e) logarithms.From the result of tan x, it follows tha, since tan (n/4)= 1, that neither n/4 nor n can be rational.Lambert actually proved the convergencee ofthe continued fraction expansion for tan x. (Morris Kline). - Struik, A Source Book, Chapter V, No 17).‎

‎Abhandlung vom Wasserwägen mit neuen Beyträgen von J.H. Lambert. Mit Kupfern.‎

‎Berlin, Haude und Spener, 1770. 8vo. Cont. hcalf. Gilt back and gilt titlelabel. A paperlabel pated on upper compartment of back. Stamps on titlepage. XVI,296 pp. and 10 folded engraved plates (8+2). Lambert's 8 appendixes pp. 187-296 with 2 plates. Some light browning, but a good copy.‎

‎This is the second German edition (the first from 1749 was abridged) by the famous French astronomer and geographer Jean Picard, who was the first to measure the lenght of a degree of a meridian. It is the first appearance of Lambert's 8 tracts where he treats the measuring with the water-levelling instruments mathematically, and applies some of the principles he introduced in his epochal work on theoretical carthography in 1772. The book has de la Hire's ""Vorrede"". - Not in Rosenthal, Litteratur der Technologie (only 1749 ed.). - Poggendorff II:442 (as part of Picard's ""Nivellement"").‎

‎Sur les Porte-Lumieres appliques a la Lampe. (And same author:) Observations sur l'Encre & le Papier.‎

‎(Berlin, C.F. Voss, 1772). 4to. Without wrappers, extracted from ""Nouveau Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et belles-Lettres"", Année 1770, pp. 51-57 and pp. 58-67.‎

‎Both papers first edition. In the first paper the design of a new lamp is presented, modelled after Lambert's previous studies on the ""porte-voix"". The second deals with ink and paperdegeneration. Because a lot of Lambert's manuscripts became unreadable through water damage during the time they were stored in Switzerland before being transported to Berlin, Lambert goes into the causes of ink and paper degeneration. Through experimentation he arrives at the kind of ink and paper that withstand humidity best.‎

‎Gravure de Gilbert d'après Lambert : A boire !‎

‎Imprimerie Chardon-Wittmann Gravure "Gravure XIXe en noir (13,3 x 17,3 cm sur support 22 x 31 cm) gravée par Gilbert, d'après L.E. Lambert, intitulée ""A boire !"" ; quelques légères rousseurs dans la marge, par ailleurs très bon état. Livraison a domicile (La Poste) ou en Mondial Relay sur simple demande."‎

‎Experiences sur le Poid du sel et gravité spécifique des saumures faites et analysées.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XVIII, pp. 27-65., 1 folded engraved plate.‎

‎First edition. Lambert describes his experiences on solutions of salt in water. Solutions of minerals in water and the behaviour of this solution under increased heat seems to have been an importent theme for Lambert during years.‎

‎Solution générale et absolue du problème de Trois Corps, moyennant des suite infinies. - [THE THREE BODY PROBLEM]‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXIII. Pp. 353-364.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Lambert shows that one can solve the classic three body problem by the use of infinite series. This allows numerical approximations, but Lambert notes that nearly nothing in the problem (excepts for the classic easier cases) allows for shortcuts in these calcualtions. More even, approximations of neighboured streches of the orbit to be calculated may even require different approximatuion series, so as to renderr even tables more or less or at least rather ineffective.‎

‎Essai D'Hygrométrie ou sur la Mesure de L'Humidité. (And:) Suite de L'Essai D'Hygrométrie. 2 vols. - [INVENTION OF THE HYGROMETER]‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1771 and Berlin, C.F. Voss, 1774) 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Memoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", tome XXV, pp. 68-127 with 3 folded plate, and ""Nouveau Mémoires Année 1772"", pp. 65-102 and 2 engraved plates.‎

‎First edition of Lambert's importent work which laid the foundation of the science of Hygrometry and coined the word ""Hygrometer"". The first instrument was build by the instrumentmaker G.F. Brander after Lambert's description. It consisted of a cat-gut string, the expansion and construction of which was transferred to a wheel-work, and shown on a scale divided by 360 gr.. This was afterward adopted by Saussure. - The second paper ""Suite de..."" is devoted to a discussion of the different hygrometers.The principles and construction were later published in his famous book ""Hygrometrie"" Augsburg 1774-75. - Poggendorff I:1356 - Rosenthal, Litteratur der Technologie P. 263. - Attached is two other memoires (Gledisch: Correction caracteristique succinte du Genre de L'Albuca et de L'Alethris de Linné. pp. 57-67 and Beguelin: Extrait des Observations Météorologiques faites a Berlin par Orde de Academie dans les Années 1768. et 1769. pp. 128-164.‎

‎Extrait de différentes Lettres de Mr. D'Alembert á Mr. de la Grange (+) Suite de L'Extrait...(+) Suite de L'Extrait...(3 Parts) - Obserbations sur les Diviseurs des Ëquations d'un Degré quelconque qui peuvent etre trouvés indépendamment de la Sol...‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1770). 4to. No wrappers, as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", L'Année 1763, tome XIX, , pp. 235-254 + pp. 255-266 + pp. 267-291. Lambert's paper: pp. 292-310.‎

‎First printing of all 4 papers. D'Alemberts letters to Lagrange deals with the mathematical treatment of a problem that taxed the minds of the major mathematicians of the day, discussing Bernouilli's and Eulers solutions on the vibrating string. D'Alembert had introduced the wave-equation in physics for the first time in in 1747.Lambert made importent contributions to the theory of equations.‎

‎Sur la Figure de L'Océan.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXIII, 1767, pp., 1 folded engraved worldmap in the Lambert projection.‎

‎First appearance of the paper in which Lambert set forth his theory of how ocean Waves devellops.‎

‎Sur quelques Instrumens Acoustiques.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1770). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Memoires de L'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", tome XIX, 1763. pp.87-124 and 2 folded engraved plates.‎

‎First edition of one of Lambert's importent papers on the acoustics and sounds in relation to musical instruments. Lambert performs basic experiments with the instruments and gives the results in a generalized mathematical form.‎

‎Le Feuilleton d'Hubert Lambert‎

‎Le lampadaire 2018 11x1x18cm. 2018. Broché. 148 pages. Très bon état‎

‎Les Saisons, poëme par Saint-Lambert, précédé d'une notice sur sa vie‎

‎Henri Servier Relié 1828 In-12 (9 x 13,8 cm), reliure plein veau, dos lisse orné de dorures et d'une pièce de titre, tranches marbrées, gardes couleur, XXXV-212 pages ; quelques légers frottements aux coupes, par ailleurs bon état. Livraison a domicile (La Poste) ou en Mondial Relay sur simple demande.‎

‎Contes et nouvelles en vers, par Grécourt, Saint-Lambert, Champfort, Piron, Dorat, La Monnoye, et François de Neufchateau (Tome 2)‎

‎Leclere fils Relié 1862 In-12 (12,3 x 19,6 cm), reliure demi-maroquin vert à coins, dos à 5 nerfs, gardes couleurs, 207 pages, vignettes en noir ; dos bruni, coin inférieur du quatrième plat usé, assez bon état. Livraison a domicile (La Poste) ou en Mondial Relay sur simple demande.‎

‎Mémoire su la Résistance des Fluides avec la Solution du Probleme balistique.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1767). 4to. No wrappers as issued in ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome XXI, pp.102-188.‎

‎First edition. Together with Lambert's work is a mémoir by Johann Friedrich Meckel: Observations anatomiques sur la Glande Pineale, sur la Cloison transparante, et sur L'origine du Nerf de la septieme paire."" pp. 91-100, and 2 folded engraved plates. (1767). Meckel is known for his description of ""Meckel's Ganglion"" and ""Meckel's Cave"".‎

‎Sur la Densité de L'Air.‎

‎(Berlin, Chretien Frederic Voss, 1774. 4to. Uncut, without wrappers extracted from ""Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Année 1772., pp. 103-140 and 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First edition, the journal form. This work is an investigation that connects Lambert's studies on hygrometry - he actualy invented the Hygrometer - and on ballistics and friction.‎

‎Sur la Fluidité du Sable, de la Terre et d'autres Corps Mous, relativement aux loi de l'Hydrodynamique.‎

‎(Berlin, C.F. Voss, 1774). 4to. Uncut without wrappers as eXtracted from ""Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Academie des Sciences et Belles Lettres"", Annee 1772, pp. 33-64 and 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Lambert extends his theory of friction and tries to describe the fluidity of various semi-fluid substances according to the laws of Hydrodybamics.‎

‎Sur la Méthode du Calcul Intégral.‎

‎(Berlin, Haude et Spener, 1769). 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", tome 18, pp. 441-484.‎

‎First edition. In this paper Lambert gives a classification of integrals, with the objective that one could then list or tabulate solutions to the respective classes.‎

‎Bestimmung der Absorption des rothen Lichts in farbigen Flüssigkeiten.‎

‎(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1852). Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", 86. Bd., 1. issue (""Heft"" No 5, 1852). Entire issue offered. Pp. 1-160 a. 1 engraved plate. Beer's paper: pp.. 78-90. Clean and fine.‎

‎First appearance of this importent law in is modern form. It is widely used in meteorology, in chemical analysis an, in meauring radiation etc.The law was discovered by Pierre Bouguer before 1729. It is often mis-attributed to Johann Heinrich Lambert, who cited Bouguer's Essai d'Optique sur la Gradation de la Lumiere (Claude Jombert, Paris, 1729) , and even quoted from it in his Photometria in 1760. Much later, August Beer extended the exponential absorption law. (1852).The issue offered also contains Plücker's large memoir on Diamagnetismus ""Ueber die Theorie des Diamagnetismus, die Erklärung des ueberganges magnetischen Verhaltens in diamagnetidches und mathematisches Begründung der bei Krystallen beobachteten Erscheinungen"". Pp. 1-34.The law is used widely in infra-red spectroscopy for analysis of polymer degradation and oxidation. The carbonyl group absorption at about 6 micrometres can be detected quite easily, and degree of oxidation of the polymer calculated.‎

‎Essai de Taxéométrie ou sur la mesure de l'Ordre.‎

‎Berlin, C.F. Voss, 1772. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Annee 1770. With titlepage to 1770 with engraved vignette. Pp. 327-342.‎

‎First appearance of this importent paper in which Lambert established a mathematical theory of order in all sorts of classifications. He treats the problem of order and its measures not only in relation to natural history or any domain of particulars, but abstractly as a problem of epistemology in general. He attempts to create a new mathematics of ordered systems and to measure by a fraction the elements to which any collection of items departed from the ordered system, and he carries his mathematical ideal even into taxonomy and systematics.‎

‎Oeuvres complètes de Madame la Marquise de Lambert, suivies de ses lettres‎

‎A Paris, Chez Leopold Collin, Libraire, rue Gît-le-Coeur, n° 4 Relié 1808 In-8 (12,5 x 20 cm), reliure plein veau, dos à 4 nerfs orné de dorures, filet d'encadrement doré et décor à froid aux plats, tranches marbrées, viij-408 pages ; petit manque de cuir au mors supérieur en queue, mouillure au corps d'ouvrage en tête, visible en début et fin de volume, par ailleurs assez bel état. Livraison a domicile (La Poste) ou en Mondial Relay sur simple demande.‎

‎Observations Analytiques.‎

‎(Berlin, C.F. Voss, 1772. 4to. Without wrappers as extracted from ""Nouveaux Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres"", Annee 1770, pp. 225-244 and 1 engraved plate.‎

‎First edtion. In this paper Lambert starts from a simple problem for a function of 2 variables x and y, then proceeds to expand the method to more difficult differentiations.‎