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Ueber das mechanische Aequivalent einer elektrischen Entladung und die dabei stattfindende Erwärmung des Leitungsdrahtes.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1852. Without wrappers as issued in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", 86. Bd., Drittes Stúck (""Heft"" No 7, 1852). Entire issue offered. Pp. 337-500. Clausius' paper: pp. 337-375. Clean and fine.
First appearance of one of Clausius' early papers on the first and second Law of Thermodynamics, marking his rejection of the caloric theory of heat, providing a new mechanical explanation of the concepts of free and latent heat.
Ueber den Satz vom mittleren Ergal und seine Anwendungen auf die Molecularbewegungen der Gase. (Vertragen in der Niederrheinischen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Heilkunde am 9. November 1874).
(Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1876) Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Ergänzungsband VII, Stück 2. Pp. 177-336 a. 1 folded engraved plate. (Entire issue offered). Clausius's paper: pp. 215-280. Clean and fine.
First appearance of an importent contribution to the second law of thermodynamics.""Ckausius..devoted several years to the elaboration of what he thought represented a new and unique contribution to theoretical mechanics, his idea of a variation in the force function itself. He ignored the new directions in Boltzmann's yhought and, surprisingly, never once thought to find a mechanical explanation for the irreversible increase in entropy. In fact in his final attempt (the paper offered), he even adopted a model in which he reduced the admittedly disordered collissions of molecules to a case of noncolliding mass points in ordered motion.""(DSB III, p. 309).
"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF). - THE HEATH-DEATH OF THE UNIVERSE - ESTABLISHING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Reference : 44808
(1854)
Ueber eine veränderte Form des zweiten Hauptgesatzes der mechanichen Wärmetheorie.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. No wrappers in ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 93, No 12 (entire issue offered). Titlepage to vol. 93. Pp. 481-632. Clausius's paper pp. 481-506.
First printing of this MILESTONE PAPER IN THERMODYNAMICS, which together with his paper from 1850, established the second law of thermodynamics. In the offered paper Clausius introduces the symbol T for the universal function of temperature (a + 1) and he introduces the concept of ""entropy"" (the greek word for 'transformation'), but without using the word (Clausius introduced the word later in 1865), he calls this new theorem ""the principle of the equivalence of transformations"". This principle paints a dramatic picture of the end of the world, the so-called ""heath-death of the universe"".""Entropy, on the other hand, of the complementary experience of water seeking its own level, of hot bodies cooling, of springs untensing, of magnetism wearing off and electrical charges leaking away, of a destiny suchThat no life lives forever" - That dead men rise up never" that even the weariest river Winds somewhere safe to sea: a world getting old and running down.""(Gillespie in ""The edge of Objectivity"" p. 400-01.).""Clausius discovered that if he took the ratio of the heat content of a system and its absolute temperature, this ration would always increase in any process taken place in a closed system. (A closed system is one that loses no energy to the outside world and gains no energy from it.) With perfect efficiency, which is never realized in the real world, of course, the ratio would remain constant, but i would never, under any circumstances, decrease.""(Asimov). - Parkinson: Breakthroughs 1854 C.
"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF). - THE HEATH-DEATH OF THE UNIVERSE - ESTABLISHING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
Reference : 46907
(1854)
Ueber eine veränderte Form des zweiten Hauptgesatzes der mechanichen Wärmetheorie.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. Contemp. marbled boards. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 93,). Entire volume offered. Two stamps to titlepage. X,632 pp. and 4 folded engraved plates. Clausius's paper: pp. 481-506. Internally clean and fine.
First printing of this milestone paper in thermodynamics, which together with his paper from 1850, established the second law of thermodynamics. In the offered paper Clausius introduces the symbol T for the universal function of temperature (a + 1) and he introduces the concept of ""entropy"" (the greek word for 'transformation'), but without using the word (Clausius introduced the word later in 1865), he calls this new theorem ""the principle of the equivalence of transformations"". This principle paints a dramatic picture of the end of the world, the so-called ""heath-death of the universe"".""Entropy, on the other hand, of the complementary experience of water seeking its own level, of hot bodies cooling, of springs untensing, of magnetism wearing off and electrical charges leaking away, of a destiny suchThat no life lives forever" - That dead men rise up never" that even the weariest river Winds somewhere safe to sea: a world getting old and running down.""(Gillespie in ""The edge of Objectivity"" p. 400-01.).""Clausius discovered that if he took the ratio of the heat content of a system and its absolute temperature, this ration would always increase in any process taken place in a closed system. (A closed system is one that loses no energy to the outside world and gains no energy from it.) With perfect efficiency, which is never realized in the real world, of course, the ratio would remain constant, but i would never, under any circumstances, decrease.""(Asimov). - Parkinson: Breakthroughs 1854 C.
"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF). - THE HEATH-DEATH OF THE UNIVERSE - ESTABLISHING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
Reference : 43057
(1854)
Ueber eine veränderte Form des zweiten Hauptgesatzes der mechanichen Wärmetheorie.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1854. No wrappers as extracted from: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd. 3, (= Poggendorff Bd. 93, No. 12). Pp. 481-506. Clean and fine.
First printing of this milestone paper in thermodynamics, which together with his paper from 1850, established the second law of thermodynamics. In the offered paper Clausius introduces the symbol T for the universal function of temperature (a + 1) and he introduces the concept of ""entropy"" (the greek word for 'transformation'), but without using the word (Clausius introduced the word later in 1865), he calls this new theorem ""the principle of the equivalence of transformations"". This principle paints a dramatic picture of the end of the world, the so-called ""heath-death of the universe"".""Entropy, on the other hand, of the complementary experience of water seeking its own level, of hot bodies cooling, of springs untensing, of magnetism wearing off and electrical charges leaking away, of a destiny suchThat no life lives forever" - That dead men rise up never" that even the weariest river Winds somewhere safe to sea: a world getting old and running down.""(Gillespie in ""The edge of Objectivity"" p. 400-01.).""Clausius discovered that if he took the ratio of the heat content of a system and its absolute temperature, this ration would always increase in any process taken place in a closed system. (A closed system is one that loses no energy to the outside world and gains no energy from it.) With perfect efficiency, which is never realized in the real world, of course, the ratio would remain constant, but i would never, under any circumstances, decrease.""(Asimov). - Parkinson: Breakthroughs 1854 C.
"CLAUSIUS, R. (RUDOLF) - FOUNDING MODERN TECHNICAL THERMODYNAMICS.
Reference : 43529
(1856)
Ueber die Anwendung der mechanischen Wärmetheorie auf die Dampfmaschine.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1856. Conemp. hcalf. 5 raised bands, gilt spine and gilt lettering to spine. A few scratches to spine. Small stamp on verso of first -and general- titlepage and small stamps to verso of plates. In: ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Vierte Reihe Bd. 7, (=Poggendorff Bd. 97). (2),X,644 pp. a. 5 folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Internally clean and fine. Clausius paper (in 2 parts): pp. 441-476 a. pp. 513-558. Clean and fine.
First appearance of this groundbreaking paper in which Clausius applied the second law of thermodynamics to the working of the steem-engine and stated, what he called the ""second fundamental theorem in the mechanical theory of heat"", the concept of ""equivalent-value"", which is the precursory formulation of the concept of ""entropy"". He showed especially that the heat of the steem could be negative as well as positive, thereby laying the foundation of modern technological thermodynamics. The volume contains other notable papers:THOMSON, W. (Lord Kelvin) & J.P. JOULE: ""Ueber die Wärmewirkung bewegter Flüssigkeiten"" (On the Thermal Effects of Fluids in Motion"" (1853). Pp. 576-414.This is the first German edition of a classic paper on thermodynamics, in which Thomson and Joule announced the so-called JOULE-THOMSON EFFECT (or Joule-Kelvin Effect), describing the increase or decrease in temperature of a real gas or liquid when allowed to expand freely through a valve or other throtting device while kept insulated so that heat is transferred to or from the fluid, and no external mechanical work is extracted from the fluid.R. KOHLRAUSCH: ""Ueber die elektrischen Vorgänge bei der Elektrolyse."" Pp. 397-414 a. 559-575 (in 2 parts).Frst printing of this importent paper, stating the fundamental facts of electrolyses and describing the theory of the ""TANGENT GALVANOMETER"", which Kohlrausch and Weber used to determine the electromagnetic value of the discharge current when a Leyden jar is discharged through the galvanometer. The ratio of the measured speed and the speed of light, led Kirchhoff to state in 1857 that an electric disturbance was propagated along a perfectly conducting wire at the velocity of light.Wheeler Gift No. 3002.
Ueber einen Grundsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie. (The mechanical theory of heat). (Vorgetragen am 25. August 1863 in der zu Samaden abgehaltenes Versammlung der schweizerischen naturforschenden Gesellscahft).
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1863. Without wrappers. In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie. Hrsg. von J.C. Poggendorff"", Bd. 120, No.11. Pp. 337-512 a. 2 plates. (Entire issue offered). Clausius' paper: pp. 426-452. With titlepage to volume 120.
First appearance of one of Clausius' importent papers in which he gives further proofs of the Second Law of thermodynamics.""Clausius discovered that if he took the ratio of the heat content of a system and its absolute temperature, this ration would always increase in any process taken place in a closed system. (A closed system is one that loses no energy to the outside world and gains no energy from it.) With perfect efficiency, which is never realized in the real world, of course, the ratio would remain constant, but i would never, under any circumstances, decrease.""(Asimov).
"CLAUSIUS, RUDOLF. - INTRODUCING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS.
Reference : 53436
(1850)
Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme und die Gesetze, welche sich daraus für die Wärmelehre selbst ableiten lassen.
Leipzig, Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1850. Contemp. marbled boards. Gilt spine, titlelabel with gilt lettering. Light wear to spineends, corners and edges. Stamps on title-page (Gusstahlfabrik Fried. Krupp). In ""Annalen der Physik und Chemie"", Dritte Reihe, 19. Band (79. Band der ganzen Reihe). IX,(1),580 pp. and 3 folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Endpapers and the first and last few leaves with brownspots. Clausius's paper: pp. 368-397 a. pp. 500-524. Internally clean.
First edition of this monumental, famous paper in thermodynamics in which Clausius for the first time states the Second Law of Thermodynamics, one of the most importent laws of Nature having a huge impact on the development of physical theory, cosmology, communications and information theory. The law states that a) the energy of the Universe is constant, and b) the Entropy of the Universe tends to a maximum.""Clausius' contribution to thermostatics is comparable to those of Newton and Maxwell to mechanics and electromagnetism, respectively. In the obituary J.W. Gibbs remarked that Clausiu's first memoir ""marks an epoch in the history of physics....."""" (Chowdhury and Stauffer in ""Principles of Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics"").In ""The Nature of the Physical World"" Eddington writes: ""The Law that entropy increases - the Second Law of Thermodynamics - holds, I think, the supreme position among the laws of Nature. If someone points out to you that your pet theory of the Universe is in disagreement with Maxwell's equations - then so much the worse for Maxwell's equations. If it is found to be contradicted by observation - well, these experimentalists do bungle things sometimes. But if your theory is found to be against the Second Law of Thermodynamics I can give You no hope"" there is nothing for it but to collapse in deepest humiliation."".Parkinson ""Breakthroughs"", 1850 P.
CLAUSIUS, RUDOLF. - INTRODUCING THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS IN FRENCH.
Reference : 53454
(1852)
Sur la Puissance motrice de la chaleur" par M. Clausius. Extraits par M. Verdet. (Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme....).
Paris, Victor Masson, 1852. 8vo. Contemp. hcalf. Raised bands, gilt spine. A bit rubbed along edges. One hinge starting. In: ""Annales de Chimie et de Physique"", 3ieme Serie, Tome 35. 512 pp. a. 2 folded engraved plates. (Entire volume offered). Clausius' paper: pp. 482-503. Stamp to verso of titlepage. Faint scattered brownspots.
First French version of this monumental, famous paper in thermodynamics in which Clausius for the first time states the Second Law of Thermodynamics, one of the most importent laws of Nature having a huge impact on the development of physical theory, cosmology, communications and information theory. The law states that a) the energy of the Universe is constant, and b) the Entropy of the Universe tends to a maximum.The volume contains further importent papers, extracts of HERMANN HELMHOLTZ announcement of his invention of the Ophthalmoscope, pp. 125-126 with a drawing of its construction. WILLIAM THOMSON (Lord Kelvin) ""Examen de la Theorie de la puissance motrice de la chaleur... (On the Dynamical Theory of Heat)"", pp. 248-255. A founding paper in Thermodynamics. - JAMES JOULE ""Mémoire sur les Changements de temperature produits par la Condensation et la Raréfaction de l'air"" and ""Sur l'équivalent mécanique de la chaleur"" (The conservation of energy-paper), pp. 118-125 a. 1 plate.
