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Meaning and Necessity. A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. - [QUINE'S COPY]
Chicago, (1947). 8vo. Orig. green full cloth w. gilt lettering to spine, minor bumping to extremities. With the ownership-signature of ""W.V. Quine"" to front free end-paper. A near mint copy. VIII, 210 pp.
![Meaning and Necessity. A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. - [QUINE'S COPY]. "CARNAP, RUDOLF.](https://static.livre-rare-book.com/pictures/LLX/42311_1_thumb.jpg)
![Meaning and Necessity. A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. - [QUINE'S COPY]. "CARNAP, RUDOLF.](https://static.livre-rare-book.com/pictures/LLX/42311_2_thumb.jpg)
The not common first edition, of Carnap's important main work on semantics, in which he, as the first logician ever, uses semantics to explain modalities. This led to an interest in the structure of scientific theories, and his main concerns here were to describe the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements and to suitably formulate the verifiability principle"" -he thus wishes to find a criterion of significance that can be applied to scientific language. THE COPY HAS BELONGED TO THE GREAT LOGICIAN WILLARD ORMAN VAN QUINE and bears his signature to front free end-paper. Rudolf Carnap and W.O. Van Quine are to of the greatest logicians of the 20th century and a copy like the present must me considered of the greatest interest. In the early 30'ies Quine met Carnap, under whom he studies in Prague, and according to Quine himself, Carnap's work was a great source of inspiration to him.It is in his ""Meaning and Necessity"" that Carnap first defines the notions of L-true and L-false (Chapter II). A statement is said to be L-true if its truth depends on semantic rules, and L-false if its negation is L-true. Any statement that is either L-true or L-false is L-determined"" analytic statements are L-determined, while synthetic statements are not L-determined. As opposed to the definitions he gives in his ""The Logical Syntax of Language"", these definitions now apply to semantic instead of syntactic concepts. It is also in this work that he gives his interesting explanation of his ""belief-sentences""Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.According to Hintikka, Carnap came extremely close to possible-worlds semantics in his ""Meaning and Necessity"", but did not succeed, because he was not able to go beyond classical model theory (see ""Carnap's heritage in logical semantics"" in ""Rudolf Carnap, Logical Empiricist"").
Meaning and Necessity. A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. - [THE DEFINITIONS OF L-TRUE AND L-FALSE]
Chicago, (1947). 8vo. Orig. green full cloth w. gilt lettering to spine. Minor bumping to extremities, otherwise a very nice, clean and fresh copy. VIII, 210 pp.
The not common first edition of Carnap's important main work on semantics, in which he, as the first logician ever, uses semantics to explain modalities. This led to a interest in the structure of scientific theories, and his main concerns here were to describe the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements and to suitably formulate the verifiability principle" -he thus wishes to find a criterion of significance that can be applied to scientific language.It is in his ""Meaning and Necessity"" that Carnap first defines the notions of L-true and L-false (Chapter II). A statement is said to be L-true if its truth depends on semantic rules, and L-false if its negation is L-true. Any statement that is either L-true or L-false is L-determined"" analytic statements are L-determined, while synthetic statements are not L-determined. As opposed to the definitions he gives in his ""The Logical Syntax of Language"", these definitions now apply to semantic in stead of syntactic concepts. It is also in this work that he gives his interesting explanation of his ""belief-sentences""Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.According to Hintikka, Carnap came extremely close to possible-worlds semantics in his ""Meaning and Necessity"", but did not succeed, because he was not able to go beyond classical model theory (see ""Carnap's heritage in logical semantics"" in ""Rudolf Carnap, Logical Empiricist"").
Meaning and Necessity. A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. - [THE DEFINITIONS OF L-TRUE AND L-FALSE]
Chicago, (1947). 8vo. Orig. green full cloth w. gilt lettering to spine, minor bumping to extremities, with the scarce original green dust-jacket, not price-clipped. D-j. w. several tears to extremities, some resulting in loss, the worst being to top of spine (ab. 2x1 cm) and top of back (ab. 1,5 1 cm.). Old owner's name erased from bottom of title-page, one page with underlinings. Otherwise a very nice and clean copy. VIII, 210 pp.
The not common first edition, with the scarce dust-jacket, of Carnap's important main work on semantics, in which he, as the first logician ever, uses semantics to explain modalities. This led to an interest in the structure of scientific theories, and his main concerns here were to describe the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements and to suitably formulate the verifiability principle" -he thus wishes to find a criterion of significance that can be applied to scientific language.It is in his ""Meaning and Necessity"" that Carnap first defines the notions of L-true and L-false (Chapter II). A statement is said to be L-true if its truth depends on semantic rules, and L-false if its negation is L-true. Any statement that is either L-true or L-false is L-determined"" analytic statements are L-determined, while synthetic statements are not L-determined. As opposed to the definitions he gives in his ""The Logical Syntax of Language"", these definitions now apply to semantic instead of syntactic concepts. It is also in this work that he gives his interesting explanation of his ""belief-sentences""Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.According to Hintikka, Carnap came extremely close to possible-worlds semantics in his ""Meaning and Necessity"", but did not succeed, because he was not able to go beyond classical model theory (see ""Carnap's heritage in logical semantics"" in ""Rudolf Carnap, Logical Empiricist"").
Einführung in die symbolische Logik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendungen. Zweite neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Mit 5 Textabbildungen. - [MAX BLACK'S COPY]
Wien, Springer=Verlag, 1954. 8vo. Orig. grey cloth w. blue lettering, capitals a bit bumped" orig. white and black dust-jacket w. some soiling, and a bit of loss to upper capital. X, 209, (1), (2, -advertisements) pp.
Second issue of Carnap's important Introduction to Symbolic Logic with Applications, which constitutes a highly important introduction to this foundational science of the 20th century, Max Black's copy with his signature to front free end-paper.""Die symbolische Logik ist eine Grundlagenswissenschaft ersten Ranges geworden, deren Bedeutung heute vor allem in angelsächsischen Ländern eingeschätzt wird. Nach den Worten des Verfassers, der, aus dem ""Wiener Kreis"" kommend, selbst massgeblich an der Gestaltung dieser Wissenschaft mitgewirkt hat, ist die Symbolik eine unter genauen Regeln stehende Sprach, durch deren Verwendung die Formen des eigenen Denkens verschärft werden können..."" (Front flap).The British-American Max Black (1909-1988) was one of the leading analytic philosophers of the first half of the 20th century. He has contributed with important works within the fields of philosophy of language, mathematics and science as well as studies on and translations of Frege. He studied mathematics at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he met Russell, Wittgenstein, G. E. Moore, and Ramsey and developed a profound interest in the philosophy of mathematics.Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics.After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.This copy of Carnap's important introduction to this field so important for the analytic philosophers, unites two of the giants of the period. In his autobiography, Carnap writes ""I also had interesting discussions with some of the younger philosophers, among them Alfred Ayer, who had been in Vienna for some time when I was already in Prague, R.B. Braithwaite, and Max Black"" they were interested in recent ideas of the Vienna Circle, such as physicalism and logical syntax."" (In Schilpp, ""The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap"", 1963, p.34).
Abriss der Logistik. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Relationstheorie und ihrer Anwendungen. - [EARLY AND HIGHLY INFLUENTIAL TEXTBOOK IN MODERN LOGIC]
Wien, Julius Springer, 1929. 8vo. Bound in a contemporary full cloth with red title label with gilt lettering to spine. Previous owner's name [Bent Schultzer, Danish professor in philosophy] to title page. A fine and clean copy. VI, 114 pp.
First edition of Carnap's Abriss der Logistik which constitutes one of very first textbooks in modern logic, the influence of which was immense. The basic purpose of Carnap's publication is to make the logical system, from Russell and Whitehead's seminal work within mathematical logic, Principia Mathematica, available to a broader audience. ""While published a year after Hilbert and Ackermann's more prominent Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik [1928], Carnap's Abriss - essentially finished in 1927, largely independant of Grundzüge, and circulated widely - also had significant influence, especially in Vienna, where Carnap taught at the time."" (Creath, The Cambridge companion to Carnap. P. 181).Carnap himself wrote about Abriss: ""In 1924 I wrote the first version of the later book, Abriss der Logistik . It was based on Principia. Its main purpose was to give not only a system of symbolic logic, but also to show its application for the analysis of concepts and the construction of deductive systems"".Rudolf Carnap was an influential German philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a famous advocate of logical positivism.
Abriss der Logistik. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Relationstheorie und ihrer Anwendungen. - [EARLY AND HIGHLY INFLUENTIAL TEXTBOOK IN MODERN LOGIC]
Wien, Julius Springer, 1929. 8vo. Bound in a contemporary full cloth with black leather titel label with gilt lettering to front board. Ex-libris pasted on to pasted down front free end paper. A fine and clean copy. VI, 114 pp.
First edition of Carnap's Abriss der Logistik which constitutes one of very first textbooks in modern logic, the influence of which was immense. The basic purpose of Carnap's publication is to make the logical system, from Russell and Whitehead's seminal work within mathematical logic, Principia Mathematica, available to a broader audience. ""While published a year after Hilbert and Ackermann's more prominent Grundzüge der theoretischen Logik [1928], Carnap's Abriss - essentially finished in 1927, largely independant of Grundzüge, and circulated widely - also had significant influence, especially in Vienna, where Carnap taught at the time."" (Creath, The Cambridge companion to Carnap. P. 181).Carnap himself wrote about Abriss: ""In 1924 I wrote the first version of the later book, Abriss der Logistik . It was based on Principia. Its main purpose was to give not only a system of symbolic logic, but also to show its application for the analysis of concepts and the construction of deductive systems"".Rudolf Carnap was an influential German philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and a famous advocate of logical positivism.
Der Raum. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre. - [CARNAP'S FIRST PUBLICATION, SIGNED]
Berlin, Reuther & Reichard, 1922. 8vo. Uncut in the original grey printed wrappers. Tear at hinges, but no loss. Carnap's signature to title-page. 87 pp.
Presumably Carnap's own copy, with his signature/owner's inscription to title-page, of the first edition of Carnap's first publication, his doctoral dissertation. Printed in Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte, Nr. 56. Issued by H. Vaihinger, M. Frischeisen-Kähler and A Liebert. Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. The dissertation was submitted in 1921, and, due to the clear influence from Kantian philosophy, it was published the following year in this supplement to the ""Kant-Studien"". After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.As the title indicates, ""Der Raum"" deals with the philosophy of space. Partly influenced by Husserl, under whom he studied at Freiburg, Carnap poses the question whether our knowledge of space is analytic, synthetic a priori or empirical. His answer is that it depends on what is meant by ""space"", and thus differentiates between three kinds of theories of space: Formal (which is analytic [a priori]), intuitive (which is synthetic a priori), and physical (which is empirical [or synthetic aposteriori]). He compares this division of space with that of geometry into: projective, metric and topological. This, of course, anticipates much of his later philosophy, and some of his theories developed in this paper became the official position of logical empiricism on the philosophy of space. In this work he also develops a formal system for space-time topology, which became quite influential.
Foundations of Logic and Mathematics.
Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, (1939). 8vo. In the original blue printed wrappers. A very nice and clean copy - near mint. VIII, 71 pp.
First printing of Carnap's seminal publication of his semantical period. Here Carnap presents a clear and detailed account of the application of logic and mathematics in empirical science and the central importance of the analytic/synthetic distinction herein.Carnap thought that the logic of science could be fruitfully applied to the problems of quantum theory as well. In particular, the final sections of Foundations of Logic and Mathematics (1939, 24, 25) suggest that the vexed question of the ""interpretation"" of the wave-function can be resolved by appreciating that theories of modern mathematical physics operate with ""abstract"" terms which are implicitly defined, in the manner of Hilbert, in an axiomatic system (and thus require no ""intuitive"" or ""visualizable"" meaning) but which still relate to empirical phenomena (experimental measurements) indirectly. (Cambridge Companion to Carnap).These thoughts anticipate Carnap's later conception of the ""partial interpretation"" of theoretical terms.Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago.
Foundations of Logic and Mathematics.
Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, (1953). 8vo. In the original blue printed wrappers. Light miscolouring and wear to extremities. Paper label pasted on to verso of back wrapper. Otherwise a fine and clean copy. VIII, 71 pp.
Seventh impression of Carnap's seminal publication of his semantical period. Here Carnap presents a clear and detailed account of the application of logic and mathematics in empirical science and the central importance of the analytic/synthetic distinction herein.Carnap thought that the logic of science could be fruitfully applied to the problems of quantum theory as well. In particular, the final sections of Foundations of Logic and Mathematics (1939, 24, 25) suggest that the vexed question of the ""interpretation"" of the wave-function can be resolved by appreciating that theories of modern mathematical physics operate with ""abstract"" terms which are implicitly defined, in the manner of Hilbert, in an axiomatic system (and thus require no ""intuitive"" or ""visualizable"" meaning) but which still relate to empirical phenomena (experimental measurements) indirectly. (Cambridge Companion to Carnap).These thoughts anticipate Carnap's later conception of the ""partial interpretation"" of theoretical terms.Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago.
Der Raum. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre. - [SPACE - CARNAP'S FIRST PUBLICATION]
Berlin, Reuther & Reichard, 1922. 8vo. Uncut in the original grey printed wrappers w. very neat professional repairs to inner hinges and to capitals. Printing on spine nearly fully intact. A very faint waterstaining to upper corner throughout, otherwise a very good, nice and clean copy of a publication, which in itself is quite fragile. 87 pp.
First edition of Carnap's first publication, his doctoral dissertation. Printed in Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte, Nr. 56. Issued by H. Vaihinger, M. Frischeisen-Kähler and A Liebert. Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. The dissertation was submitted in 1921, and, due to the clear influence from Kantian philosophy, it was published the following year in this supplement to the ""Kant-Studien"". After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.As the title indicates, ""Der Raum"" deals with the philosophy of space. Partly influenced by Husserl, under whom he studied at Freiburg, Carnap poses the question whether our knowledge of space is analytic, synthetic a priori or empirical. His answer is that it depends on what is meant by ""space"", and thus differentiates between three kinds of theories of space: Formal (which is analytic [a priori]), intuitive (which is synthetic a priori), and physical (which is empirical [or synthetic aposteriori]). He compares this division of space with that of geometry into: projective, metric and topological. This, of course, anticipates much of his later philosophy, and some of his theories developed in this paper became the official position of logical empiricism on the philosophy of space. In this work he also develops a formal system for space-time topology, which became quite influential.
Der Raum. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre. - [SPACE - CARNAP'S FIRST PUBLICATION]
Berlin, Reuther & Reichard, 1922. 8vo. Original grey printed wrappers w. very minor loss to capitals. Printing on spine nearly fully intact. Internally near mint. A very good, nice and clean copy of a publication, which in itself is quite fragile. 87 pp.
First edition of Carnap's first publication, his doctoral dissertation. Printed in Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte, Nr. 56. Issued by H. Vaihinger, M. Frischeisen-Kähler and A Liebert. Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. The dissertation was submitted in 1921, and, due to the clear influence from Kantian philosophy, it was published the following year in this supplement to the ""Kant-Studien"". After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.As the title indicates, ""Der Raum"" deals with the philosophy of space. Partly influenced by Husserl, under whom he studied at Freiburg, Carnap poses the question weather our knowledge of space is analytic, synthetic a priori or empirical. His answer is that it depends on what is meant by ""space"", and thus differentiates between three kinds of theories of space: Formal (which is analytic [a priori]), intuitive (which is synthetic a priori), and physical (which is empirical [or synthetic aposteriori]). He compares this division of space with that of geometry into: projective, metric and topological. This, of course, anticipates much of his later philosophy, and some of his theories developed in this paper became the official position of logical empiricism on the philosophy of space. In this work he also develops a formal system for space-time topology, which became quite influential.
Der Raum. Ein Beitrag zur Wissenschaftslehre. - [SPACE - CARNAP'S FIRST PUBLICATION]
Berlin, Reuther & Reichard, 1922. 8vo. Bound in a newer full brown immitated calf w. gilt title to spine. 87 pp.
First edition of Carnap's first publication, his doctoral dissertation. Printed in Kant-Studien, Ergänzungshefte, Nr. 56. Issued by H. Vaihinger, M. Frischeisen-Kähler and A Liebert. Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics. By 1913 he planned to write his dissertation on thermionic emission, but this was interrupted by World War I, where he served at the front until 1917. Afterwards he studied the theory of relativity under Einstein in Berlin, and he developed the theory for a new dissertation, namely on an axiomatic system for the physical theory of space and time. He thus ended up writing the important dissertation under the direction of Bouch on the theory of space (Raum) from a philosophical point of view. The dissertation was submitted in 1921, and, due to the clear influence from Kantian philosophy, it was published the following year in this supplement to the ""Kant-Studien"". After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.As the title indicates, ""Der Raum"" deals with the philosophy of space. Partly influenced by Husserl, under whom he studied at Freiburg, Carnap poses the question weather our knowledge of space is analytic, synthetic a priori or empirical. His answer is that it depends on what is meant by ""space"", and thus differentiates between three kinds of theories of space: Formal (which is analytic [a priori]), intuitive (which is synthetic a priori), and physical (which is empirical [or synthetic aposteriori]). He compares this division of space with that of geometry into: projective, metric and topological. This, of course, anticipates much of his later philosophy, and some of his theories developed in this paper became the official position of logical empiricism on the philosophy of space. In this work he also develops a formal system for space-time topology, which became quite influential.
Testability and Meaning (+) Testability and Meaning - Continued. Reprinted from Philosophy of Science, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1936 (+) Vol. 4, No. 1, January, 1937. - [QUINE'S COPY]
(Cambridge, Mass.), 1936-37 8vo. Both works together in the original stapled wrappers (with ""Testability and Meaning printed to front wrapper). Spine worn and very minor loss to extremities of front wrapper. Wrappers with minor soiling. All in all a nice copy. Pp. (419)-471 (+) 40 pp.
Scarce off-print (both parts), Quine's copy, of the first printing of one of Carnap's most important contributions to philosophy and certainly his first major publication in English, in which he introduces semantic concepts. With W. V. Quine's ownership signature on the first page. Carnap's ""Testability and Meaning"" was published merely two years after Quine published his first book. According to Carnap, a statement is analytic if it is logically true. It is self contradictory if it is logically false. In all other cases the statement is synthetic. The ideas put forth in the present paper constitute the essence of Carnap's philosophy which he was to further develop and elaborate over the next 20 years. The paper is based upon the two fundamental questions: ""The first question asks under what condition a sentence has meaning, in the sense of cognitive, factual meaning. The second one asks how we get to know something, how we can find out whether a given sentence is true or false."" (From the introduction to the present paper). To this Carnap concludes that ""the meaning of a sentence is in a certain sense identical with the way we determine its truth or falsehood"" and a sentence has meaning only if such a determination is possible."" (Ibid.).Carnap's ""1936[-paper] marks a radical rejection of the positivist program of eliminating such metaphysical entities as Aristotelian objective necessary connections and such metaphysical aspirations as those of Gadamer."" (Addis, Ontology and Analysis... p. 209).Willard Van Orman Quine (1908-2000), one of the most influential logicians of the 20th century, influenced Carnap academically as well as personally. In 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany and two years later, in 1935, Carnap moved to the United States, helped by Quine, whom he had met in Prague in 1934. Quine stated that: ""Carnap is a towering figure. I see him as the dominant figure in philosophy from the 1930s onward, as Russell had been in the decades before...Some philosophers would assign this role rather to Wittgenstein, but many see the scene as I do."".Quine bases his main thesis (""A System of Logistic"") on his consideration of the linguist - a subject closely related to Carnap - who attempts to translate a hitherto unknown language. There are different methods that the linguist could apply as to the breaking down of sentences and distribution of function among the words. Quine reaches the conclusion that if any hypothesis of translation needs to be defended, this can only be by appeal to context, by determining what other sentences the language user would utter in the language that is unknown to the linguist. But even here the indeterminacy of translation sets in, because, according to Quine, any hypothesis can be defended, if only enough other hypotheses of other parts of the language are adopted. This indeterminacy of language also applies to the known languages, and even one's own, and thus Quine implies that there are no such entities as ""meanings"" of right and wrong. Quine thus denies any absolute standards in translating one language into another, but he admits that there are good and bad translation, -this is just not philosophically or logically relevant. Translation can be inconsistent with behavioral evidence, however and thus Quine propounds his pragmatic view of translation.
"[GÖDEL] & CARNAP, RUDOLF + AREND HEYTING + JOHANN v. NEUMANN, etc.
Reference : 38312
(1931)
[Bericht uber die 2. Tagung für Erkenntnislehre der exakten Wissenschaften Königsberg 1930]. Die Logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik + Die intuitionistische Grundlegung der Mathematik + Die formalistische Grundlegung der Mathematik. [In: Erkenntn... - [ENDING THE FOUNDATIONAL CRISIS OF MATHEMATICS]
Leipzig, Felix Meiner, 1931. The entire volume present. 8vo. Orig. printed green wrappers. Sunning to spine, and a bit of soiling and minor wear to front wrapper w. minor loss of upper layer of paper at two pages, not gone through paper. A few leaves w. marginal markings, quite discreet. Library marking to inside of front wrapper, library stamp to title-page (Mathematical Institute of the University of Amsterdam). Overall a fine and nice copy. Pp. (91) - 105 + (106) - 115 + (116) - 121. The entire volume: (2) pp., Pp. (91) - 190.
First edition of the Erkenntnis-volume from the Königsberg congress of 1930, where Gödel introduced his incompleteness results and Carnap, Heyting and von Neumann held the seminal papers (here printed for the first time) that ended the ""Grundlagenkrise der Mathematik"" (foundational crisis of mathematics). It is also in this volume that the seminal discussions following Gödel's announcements of his results are printed for the first time (""Discussion on the Foundation of Mathematics"", between Gödel, von Neumann, Carnap, Hahn, Reidemeister, Heyting, and Scholz) (Gödel, Collected Works, 1931a) as well as the article which inaugurated the logicist foundation of mathematics, in which the modern sense of ""logicism"" is introduced (Carnap's contribution).In Königsberg in September 1930, Gödel presented his incompleteness results, a landmark in mathematical logic, at the second congress of scientific epistemology, -a congress which proved to be a turning point in the history of philosophical and mathematical logic. It is the papers presented at this congress which are printed in the present volume, apart from the contributions by Gödel and Scholtz (which were printed elsewhere) together with the seminal discussions that followed the presentation of the papers. The groundbreaking papers that are printed here include Carnap's ""Die Logizistische Grundlegung der Mathematik"", which furthermore introduced the modern sense of the term ""logicism"", Arend Heyting's ""Die intuitionistische Grundlegung der Mathematik"" and Johann von Neumann's ""Die formalistische Grundlegung der Mathematik"" as well as papers by Neugebauer, Reichenbach and Heisenberg. The present papers, as well as the following discussion, mark a turning point in the history of logic and a cornerstone in the future development of the field. The so-called ""Foundational Crisis of Mathematics"" was a phase within mathematics begun in the early 20th century due to the search for proper foundations of mathematics and the uncertainty of this quest, which was supported by the many difficulties that philosophy of mathematics faced at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century . The crisis took its actual beginning with the publication of Russell's ""principles of Mathematics"" of 1903, culminated in the 1920'ies with the main advocates of Formalism and Intuitionism respectively, Hilbert and Brouwer, in what is called the ""foundational struggle of mathematics"", and ended with the present volume in 1931, following the congress of 1930.With the discovery of non-Euclidean geometry in the 18th century, it became evident that not only one sort of mathematics was possible, and even that some propositions could be true in one mathematical system, but false in another. This was the actual basis for the awareness of a mathematical foundation in the mathematical public, which again was the basis for the fact that the question of the foundation of mathematics could develop -and could develop into an actual crisis. During the first 30 years of the 20th century, almost all great mathematicians worked on their answer to the question of the correct foundation of mathematics, and thus it came to a crisis that developed into a struggle. It is this struggle and crisis that Carnap, Heyting and von Neumann break in 1930, where they present the three great positions of the struggling years: logicism (Carnap), intuitionism (Heyting) and formalism (von Neumann), and it is these three papars that pave the way for the discussion that follows, ""Diskussion zur Grundlegung der Mathematik"", between Gödel, Hahn, Carnap, Heyting, von Neumann, Reidemeister, and Scholz. They all presented their positions in the most conciliatory manner, out of the comprehension that all parties who had contributed to the crisis had also contributed because they wanted to solve it, and because they were also searching for the best possible foundation. It is also this comprehension that Hilbert takes over, when he, in his program, sets out to prove the contradiction-freedom of infinite mathematics on the basis of finite arithmetic.Thus, the seminal papers in the present volume once and for all ended the foundational crisis of mathematics and any fear of new antinomies.
Logical Foundations of Probability.
Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1950. 8vo. In the original red cloth, spine with gilt lettering. Dust jacket with miscolouring to spine and upper and lower capitals with a with tears. Ex-libris (Knud Lundbæk) pasted on to pasted down front end-paper. Inner front hindge split. Otherwise a good copy. XVII, (1), 607, (1) pp.
First edition of Carnap’s important work on inductive logic which “led to a renaissance in the use of probability theory to model the inductive process” (Cambridge Companion to Carnap). He here turned his attention away from the more traditional deductive inferential frameworks on which he had so far primarily focused and towards the newer probabilistic and statistical frameworks now being constructed and applied with increasing frequency in the physical, biological, and social sciences. Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago.
Einführung in die symbolische Logik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anvendungen. Mit 5 Textabblidungen. - [INTRODUCTION TO SYMBOLIC LOGIC]
Wien, Springer=Verlag, 1954. 8vo. In the original publishers full cloth. Minor sunning to spine. Ex-libris label [Danish philosopher Carl Henrik Koch] pasted on to pasted down front free end-paper. A nice and clean copy. X, 209, (1), (2, -advertisements) pp.
First edition of Carnap's important Introduction to Symbolic Logic with Apprications, which constitutes a highly important introduction to this foundational science of the 20th century. ""Die symbolische Logik ist eine Grundlagenswissenschaft ersten Ranges geworden, deren Bedeutung heute vor allem in angelsächsischen Ländern eingeschätzt wird. Nach den Worten des Verfassers, der, aus dem ""Wiener Kreis"" kommend, selbst massgeblich an der Gestaltung dieser Wissenschaft mitgewirkt hat, ist die Symbolik eine unter genauen Regeln stehende Sprach, durch deren Verwendung die Formen des eigenen Denkens verschärft werden können..."" (Front flap).Rudolf Carnap (born 1891 in Ronsdorf, Germany, died 1970 in Santa Monica, California) was an immensely influential analytic philosopher, who has contributed decisively to the fields of logic, epistemology, semantics, philosophy of science, and philosophy of language. He was one of the leading figures of the Vienna Circle, and a prominent logical positivist. He studied philosophy, physics and mathematics at the universities of Berlin and Freiburg, and worked at the universities of Jena, Vienna and Prague until 1935, when he, due to the war, emigrated to the U.S., where he became an American citizen in 1941. In America he became professor of the University of Chicago. In Jena he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, though his main interest at that time was in physics.After the publication of his first work, Carnap's involvement with the Vienna Circle began to develop. He met Reichenbach in 1923 and was introduced to Moritz Schlick in Vienna, where he then moved to become assistant professor at the university. He soon became one of the leading members of the Vienna Circle, and in 1929 he, Neurath, and Hahn wrote the manifest of the Circle.
Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie.
Berlin, Weltkreis-Verlag, 1928. 8vo. Original printed wrappers. Uncut. Some sunning and soiling to extremities. A small tear to upper part of spine. Internally fine and clean. 46, (2) pp.
First printing of Carnap's publication in which asserted that many philosophical questions were meaningless, the way they were posed amounted to abuse of language. An operational implication of this opinion was taken to be the elimination of metaphysics from responsible human discourse. This is the statement for which Carnap was best known for many years.The publication also introduces for the first time his universal ""meaning criterium"". He indicates that the elimination of metaphysics serves philosophy, not science. All in the Vienna Circle followed Carnap's judgement in Pseudoproblems of Philosophy and Schlick's contention in his response to Planck's renewal of anti-Machian polemics that questions like that of the reality of the external world were not well-formed ones but only constituted pseudo-questions. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Carnap himself said about the publication: ""The pamphlet Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie… was first written in the Spring of 1927, at the end of my first year in Vienna. It shows, therefore, a stronger influence of the Vienna discussions and Wittgenstein's book [Tractatus]. [the] condemnation [in Scheinprobleme] of all theses about metaphysical reality, which I sharply distinguish from empirical reality, is more radical than that in Aufbau, where such theses are only excluded from the domain of science. My more radical outlook was influenced by Wittgenstein's view that metaphysical statements, while in principle unverifiable, are therefore senseless. This view was accepted by the majority of the members of the Vienna Circle and other empiricists."" (Nieli. Wittgenstein: From mysticism to ordinary language. P. 63.).
Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie. Das Fremdpsychische un der Realismusstreit. - [""PHILOSOPHICAL QUESTIONS ARE MEANINGLESS""]
Berlin, Weltkreis-Verlag, 1928. 8vo. In the original printed wrappers. Wear to extremities, loss to top and bottom of spine and a waterstain to the right part of front wrapper. Internally with light pencilmarks throughout. 46 pp.
First printing of Carnap's publication in which asserted that many philosophical questions were meaningless, the way they were posed amounted to abuse of language. An operational implication of this opinion was taken to be the elimination of metaphysics from responsible human discourse. This is the statement for which Carnap was best known for many years.The publication also introduces for the first time his universal ""meaning criterium"". He indicates that the elimination of metaphysics serves philosophy, not science. All in the Vienna Circle followed Carnap's judgement in Pseudoproblems of Philosophy and Schlick's contention in his response to Planck's renewal of anti-Machian polemics that questions like that of the reality of the external world were not well-formed ones but only constituted pseudo-questions. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). Carnap himself said about the publication: ""The pamphlet Scheinprobleme in der Philosophie… was first written in the Spring of 1927, at the end of my first year in Vienna. It shows, therefore, a stronger influence of the Vienna discussions and Wittgenstein's book [Tractatus]. [the] condemnation [in Scheinprobleme] of all theses about metaphysical reality, which I sharply distinguish from empirical reality, is more radical than that in Aufbau, where such theses are only excluded from the domain of science. My more radical outlook was influenced by Wittgenstein's view that metaphysical statements, while in principle unverifiable, are therefore senseless. This view was accepted by the majority of the members of the Vienna Circle and other empiricists."" (Nieli. Wittgenstein: From mysticism to ordinary language. P. 63.).
Ancienne (L') et la nouvelle logique. Traduction du Général Ernest Vouillemin revue et mise à jour par l’auteur. Introduction de M. Marcel Boll.
Paris, Hermann & Cie, 1933 ; in-8, broché ; (1) f. , 36 pp. , (2) pp.
Actualités Scientifiques et Industrielles n°76.Cachet ex-libris “ANNULE” de la Faculté catholique des sciences de Lyon sur le premier plat, les deux premières pages et la dernière. Exemplaire en bon état, frais d’intérieur. Second exemplaire sans cachet, bon état aussi.
Phone number : 06 60 22 21 35
Einführung in die symbolische Logik mit besonderer Berücksichtigung ihrer Anwendungen. Zweite neubearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Mit 5 Textabbildungen.
Wien, Springer-Verlag, 1960. 8vo. Orig. full cloth in orig. dustjacket. In fine condition. XII,241 pp.
In this text Rudolf Carnap (1891-1970) - the famous member of the Vienna Circle and a leading exponent of logical positivism - delivers a clear, comprehensive, intermediate introduction to logical languages and to applications of symbolic logic to physics, mathematics, biology, etc.
Problème (Le) de la logique de la science. Science formelle et science du réel. Traduction du Général Vouillemin.
Paris, Hermann et Cie (collection Actualités Scientifiques et industrielles N° 291), 1935 ; in-8, broché ; 4 pp. , 40 pp.
Cachet ex-libris “ANNULE” de la Faculté Catholique des Sciences de Lyon sur le premier plat et les trois premières pages. Exemplaire en bon état.
Phone number : 06 60 22 21 35
Modalities and quantification.
(No place), The Association for Symbolic Logic, 1946 & 1947. Lev8vo. Bound in red half cloth with gilt lettering to spine. In ""Journal of Symbolic Logic"", Volume 11 & 12 bound together. Barcode label pasted on to back board. Small library stamp to lower part of 6 pages. A few minor scratches to extremities. A very fine copy. Pp. 33-64. [Entire volume: IV, 164 pp].
First printing of Carnap's important work modality and semantics, in which he, as the first logician ever, uses semantics to explain modalities. This led to an interest in the structure of scientific theories, and his main concerns here were to describe the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements and to suitably formulate the verifiability principle" -he thus wishes to find a criterion of significance that can be applied to scientific language.
LES FONDEMENTS PHILOSOPHIQUES DE LA PHYSIQUE
Paris, ARMAND COLIN, 1973, in-8 broché, 285 pp. TRES BON ETAT
Nombreux titres disponibles en Philosophie.
Les fondements philosophiques de la physique Collection U
Armand Colin. 1973. In-8. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 285 pages.. Avec Jaquette. . . Classification Dewey : 180-Philosophie antique, médiévale, orientale
Collection U. Classification Dewey : 180-Philosophie antique, médiévale, orientale
Bericht über Untersuchungen zur allgemeinen Axiomatik.
Leipzig, Felix Meiner, 1929. 8vo. In the original wrappers with title-label pasted on the front wrapper. In ""Erkenntnis, Band I, Heft 2-4"". Vague waterstain to lower part of leaves througout. Otherwise fine. Pp. 89-339.
First printing.
