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Andrevon J.p
Neutron
Denoel 1981 in12. 1981. Broché.
Reference : 253680
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5 book(s) with the same title
Six (Jules) - Louis Leprince-Ringuet, préface sur Walther Bothe, Frédéric et Irène Joliot-Curie et James Chadwick
Reference : 100002
(1987)
La découverte du neutron (1920-1936) , Préface de Louis Leprince-Ringuet
Editions du CNRS - C.N.R.S. - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Malicorne sur Sarthe, 72, Pays de la Loire, France 1987 Book condition, Etat : Bon broché, sous couverture imprimée éditeur blanche, illustrée d'une photographie en couleur d'un neutron sur fond noir grand In-8 1 vol. - 182 pages
quelques figures dans le texte en noir et blanc 1ere édition, 1987 Contents, Chapitres : Préface, table, remerciements, vii, Texte, 175 pages - Introduction - Repères de la physique corpusculaire, 1895-1936 - Panorama du noyau atomique en 1920 - Résultats négatifs des recherches du neutron - Chadwick, Bothe et les Joliot-Curie entre 1920 et 1930 - Panorama du noyau atomique en 1931 - Les méthodes expérimentales en physique nucléaire vers 1930 - La découverte du neutron - Questions sur Bothe et les Joliot-Curie - Etablissement du statut de neutron, 1932-1936 - Epilogue - Annexes : Eléments de bibliographie - Titres de communications de conférences - Références - Textes originaux de Bothe, Bohr, Marie-Curie, Joliot-Curie, congrès Solvay, Chadwick - La découverte du neutron a résulté de trois séries dexpériences, faites dans trois pays différents, lune entraînant lautre. En ce sens elle est exemplaire de la recherche de la connaissance. En 1930, en Allemagne, Walther Bothe et Herbert Becker, spécialistes du rayonnement cosmique observent que les éléments légers lithium, béryllium et bore, bombardés par des particules a, émettent des rayons « ultra pénétrants » quils supposent être des rayons gamma beaucoup plus énergiques que ceux émis par des noyaux radioactifs ou accompagnant les transmutations nucléaires. En 1931, en France, Irène et Frédéric Joliot-Curie intrigués par ces résultats cherchent à comprendre la nature de ce rayonnement et découvrent quil a la propriété de mettre en mouvement des noyaux atomiques et en particulier des protons Ils supposent quil sagit là dun effet Compton entre des gamma dont ils estiment lénergie à environ 50 MeV (une énergie très élevée pour lépoque) et de lhydrogène. En 1932, en Angleterre, aussitôt ces résultats parus, James Chadwick fait un test confirmant les résultats et va plus loin et mesurant avec précision lénergie des noyaux projetés en utilisant la réaction nucléaire (..), il peut affirmer que le rayonnement « ultra pénétrant » ne peut être un rayonnement gamma, dénergie très élevée, mais doit être composé de particules de masse 1 et de charge électrique 0 : cest le neutron. Chacune des trois équipes avait travaillé avec les appareils dont elle disposait, mais aussi avec ses connaissances et avait baigné dans la tradition de son laboratoire. Il nest pas étonnant que ce soit au laboratoire de Cambridge, dirigé par Ernest Rutherford que le neutron ait été découvert. Depuis 1920, Rutherford, en effet, avait émis lhypothèse de lexistence du neutron comme une association proton-électron. Cependant l'explication des propriétés nucléaires oblige de reconnaître que le neutron est plutôt une particule aussi élémentaire que le proton. (source : Wikipedia) couverture légèrement jaunie avec d'infimes traces de pliures aux coins des plats, intérieur sinon frais et propre, papier à peine jauni, légères petites rousseurs sur les tranches n'affectant pas l'intérieur, cela reste un bon exemplaire de cet ouvrage de référence sur la découverte du neutron avec la reproduction des textes originaux
"FERMI, E., E. AMALDI, O. D'AGOSTINO, F. RASETTI, E. SEGRÉ. - THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY BY NEUTRON BOMBARDMENT.
Reference : 47070
(1934)
Artificial Radioactivity produced by Neutron Bombardment. (Communicated by Lord Rutherford) + Artificial Radioactivity produced by Neutron Bombardment - II. (Communicated by Lord Rutherford). 2 Papers.
London, Harrison and Sons, 1934 a. 1935. Royal8vo. Bound in 2 contemp. full cloth. Gilt lettering to spine. A stamp on verso of titlepages. In: ""Proceedings of the Royal Society"", Series A, Vol. 146 and vol. 149. VI,942 pp. + VIII,600 pp. (Entire volumes offered). The joint papers: pp. 483-500 (1934) and pp. 522-558 (1935).
These seminal papers constitutes the description of the first realization of artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment, and it is the first demonstration of neutron-induced radioactivity. These highlights and his many other results have left their imprint on the most diverse parts of physics. Fermi was awarded the Nobel prize in 1938 for these discoveries.""Acting on this idea, (Fermi reasoned that neutrons should be more effective than alpha particles in producing radioactive elements because they are not repelled by the nuclear charge and thus have a much greater probability of entering the target nuclei) Fermi bombarded several elements of increasing atomic numbers with neutrons. He hoped to find an artificial radioactivity produced by the neutrons. His first success was with fluorine. The neutron source was a small ampul containing beryllium metal and radon gas. The detecting apparatus consisted of rather primitive Geiger-Müller counters. Immediately thereafter Fermi, with the help of Amaldi, D’Agostino, Rasetti, and Segrè, carried out a systematic investigation of the behavior of elements throughout the periodic table. In most cases they performed chemical analysis to identify the chemical element that was the carrier of the activity. In the first survey, out of sixty-three elements investigated, thirty-seven showed an easily detectable activity. The nuclear reactions of (n, a), (n, p), and (n, ?) were then identified, and all available elements, including uranium and thorium, were irradiated. In uranium and thorium the investigators found several forms of activity after bombardment but did not recognize fission. Fermi and his collaborators, having proved that no radioactive isotopes were formed between lead and uranium, put forward the natural hypothesis that the activity was due to transuranic elements. These studies, which were continued by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Irène Joliot Curie, Frédéric Joliot, and Savitch, culminated in 1938 in the discovery of fission by Hahn and Fritz Strassmann.""(DSB).""The present papers are a summary of these letters (the letters from the team communicated almost weakly to ""Ricerca Scientifica"") for the English speaking readers. ""When we (Fermi and Segre) went to Cambridge, we discussed with him (rutherford), in great detail, our work. The work which had been accomplished up to that date by our group is summarized in a paper which was presented by Lord Rutherford to the Royal Society (Paper No. 98). The manuscript of this paper had been prepared in Rome and delivered to him in Cambridge. he read it immediately with great attention, made several corrections to improve our English, and turned it over to the Royal Society. I asked him whether it would be possible to obtain a speedy publication and he immediately answered ""What did you think I was President of the Royal Society for ?"" (Collected Papers of Enrico Fermi, Vol. I, p. 641).Volume 149 contains the importent joint paper on SUPERCONDUCTIVITY by the brothers FRITZ And H. LONDON ""The Electromagnetic Equations of the Superconductor"", pp. 71-88.""In 1933 shortly before Heinz London joined his brother at Oxford, W. Meissner and R. Ochsenfeld made a startling discovery. It was well known that currents in superconductors flow in such a way as to shield points inside the material from changes in the external magnetic field. This indeed is an obvious property of any resistance less medium, fully discussed by Maxwell in 1873 long before the discovery of superconductivity. But a superconductor does more. Whereas a zero resistance medium only counteracts changes in the field, it actually tends to expel the field present in its interior before cooling.... The London quickly saw its implications and in 1935 published a joint paper on the electrodynamics of superconductors, in which they replaced (paper by Deaver and Fairbanks) by a new phenomenological equation connecting the current with the magnetic rather than the electric field... ""(DSB).
"BETHE, H. A. (+) J. R. OPPENHEIMER (+) G. M. VOLKOFF (+) RICHARD TOLMAN.
Reference : 46901
(1939)
Energy Production in Stars (+) On Massive Neutron Cores (+) Neutron Stars and the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov Limit. - [HANS BETHE'S NOBEL PRIZE WINNING PAPER AND GENERAL RELATIVISTIC THEORY OF STELLAR STRUCTURE]
[Lancaster], American Institute of Physics, 1939. Royal8vo. Bound in contemporary full red cloth with gilt lettering to spine. Entire volume of ""The Physical Review"", Volume 55, Second Series, January 1 - June 15, 1939. ""Development Department"" in small gilt lettering to lower part of spine. A very fine and clean copy. [Bethe:] Pp. 434-456. [Oppenheimer & Volkoff:] Pp. 374-381. [Entire volume: 1300 pp.].
First printing of ""ENERGY PRODUCTION IN STARS"", Hans Bethe's seminal Nobel Prize winning paper on neucleosynthesis. It was the first time an astrophysical subject was recognized by the Nobel Committee. Bethe's work on nuclear reactions led him to discover the reactions that supply the energy in stars. In this paper, Bethe shows that ""the most important source of energy in ordinary stars is the reactions of carbon and nitrogen with protons"" (Bethe, Energy Production in Stars). Bethe began by analyzing the different possibilities for reactions by which hydrogen is fused into helium. He showed two processes to be the sources of energy generation capable of keeping stars hot. The first, the proton-proton chain, is the dominant energy source in stars with masses up to about the mass of the Sun. The second, the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle, is the most important in more massive stars. ""ON MASSIVE NEUTRON CORES"" and NEUTRON STARS AND THE TOLMAN-OPPENHEIMER-VOLKOV LIMIT, two landmark papers which ""for the first time laid a general relativistic theory of stellar structure"" (Pais, Subtle is the Lord), thereby proving Einstein wrong in his conclusion that no star could collapse indefinitely.In the paper they addressed the question that Landau's paper, and also Oppenheimer and Serber's, had failed to consider: what is the maximum mass for stable neutron-star? This paper applied Tolman's method to calculate the gravitational equilibrium of a neutron star and predict the conditions under which it will continue collapsing into a black hole (the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov Limit). The issue contain several other papers of interest: 1. Tolman, Richard. ""Static Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations for Spheres of Fluid"" - This paper developed a method for applying Einstein's field equations to static spheres of fluid in such a manner as to facilitate the development of exact solutions using known analytic functions)"" Jenkins and Segre's ""Quadratic Zeeman Effect"" and ""Zeeman Effect of the Forbidden Lines of Potassium"" .2. Gamow & Teller. ""On the Origin of Great Nebulae"". 3. Seaborg & Segre. ""Nuclear Isomerism in Element 43"" 4. Gentner & Segre. ""Appendix on the Calibration of the Ionization Chamber"". 5. Bethe. ""On the Absence of Polarization in Electron Scattering"" & ""Meson Theory of Nuclear Forces.""
Possible Existence of a Neutron (Chadwick) (+) The neutron hypothesis (Iwanenko). - [DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON]
New York, Macmillian and Co, 1932. Royal8vo. In publisher's pictorial cloth with gilt lettering and Nature's logo to spine. Entire issue of ""Nature"", January - June, 1932, Vol. CXXXVI [129]. ""Emmanuel College"" in gilt lettering to spine. Signs of label removal from spine, very slight wear to extremities, otherwise a very fine and clean copy. Rare in the publisher's binding. [Chadwick:] P. 312. [Iwanenko:] Pp. 798.
First printing of Chadwick's landmark paper in which he announced the discovery of the neutron. The discovery awarded him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935. The discovery of the neutron was of seminal importance to the evolution of Particle Physics.James Chadwick performed a series of experiments at the University of Cambridge, showing that the gamma ray hypothesis was untenable. He suggested that the new radiation consisted of uncharged particles of approximately the mass of the proton, and he performed a series of experiments verifying his suggestion. These uncharged particles were called neutrons.""The discovery of the neutron completely revolutionized the physics of the atomic nucleus, both experimentally and theoretically. Since they are not electrically repelled they provide an ideal probe to study the nucleus"". (Brandt, The Harvest of a Century).
"CHADWICK, JAMES, LISE MEITNER , O.R. FRISCH, H. von HALBAN, F. JOLIOT, L. KOWARSKI. - PMM 422,b,c,d.
Reference : 38836
(1932)
Possible Existence of a Neutron (Chadwick). (Bound with:) Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: a New Type of Nuclear Reaction (Meitner and Frisch). (Withbound:) Physical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei under Neutron Bombardment. (Frisch). ... - [DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON - THE ATOMIC BOMB.]
London, Nature, 1932 a.1939. 4to. Blank wrappers. All 4 extracted from ""Nature"" Nos. 3252 (Febr. 1932), 3615 (Febr.1939), 3616 ( Febr. 1939) and 3620 (March 1939).
All four papers in first edition. In 1932 James Chadwich proved the existence of th atomic particles carrying no electric charge which, for this reason, he called 'neutrons' (the first item offered here). ""In 1934 Senator Corbino, head of the physics department at the University of Rome, urged Enrico Fermi and his collaborators, among whom was Brune Pontecorvo, to patent a proces they had perfected for the production of artificial radio-activity by slow neutron bombardement. This process was a by-product of repetitions and enlargements of a discovery by Irene Curie and her husband Fredeic Joliot that the bombardment of certain light elements with alpha particles induced radio-activity. Further experiments conducted in 1938 at Berlin by Hahn and Strassmann were reported by Lise Meitner...She and her nephew, O.R. Frisch, working with Niels Bohr's laboratory, found the true explanation of these phenomena. The interpolation of a neutron into the nucleus of a uranium atom caused it to divide into two parts and to release energy amounting to about 200,000,000 electron volts. This process bore such a close similarity to the division of a living cell that Frisch suggested the use of the term 'fission' to describe it.....Halban, Jolio and Kowarski established the theoretical possibility of a self-perpetuating reaction..."" (Carter/Muir). - Printing and the Mind of Man No. 422,b,c and d.
