‎EDEL Abraham‎
‎Aristotle.‎

‎Organon [Greek]. Principis Organum, Hoc est libri omnes ad Logicam pertinentes, Graecè & Latiné. Iul. Pacius recensuit: è Graeca in Latinam linguam conuertit: capitum & particularum distinctionibus, argumentísque: praeterea variis lectionibus, necno p... - [THE STANDARD INTERPRETATION OF ARISTOTLE'S ""ORGANON""]‎

‎Morgiis, Guillelmus Laimarius, 1584. Small folio. 18th century half vellum, somewhat soiled and worn. Corners and edges bumped and worn. Handwritten title to spine. Fore-edge with 2-line title in neat (contemporary?) hand and with the ""Societas Jesu"" (i.e. the Jesuit Society) symbol in white to the otherwise red fore-edge. Internally a very ni8ce copy, with the occasional browning and spotting. A faint damp stain to top marging of some leaves. A small hole to top of title-page, far from affecting print. Last leaves with neat strenthening of blank upper corners, far from affecting text. Old (presumably 18th century) owner's name to title page: ""Ioan. Bey A. Vest."" Front free end-papers heavily annotated (presumably by this same owner, in Latin, Greek, and German. The annotations include and elaborate handwritten index, information about the edition, and references to the Greek sentences. Verso of last leaf and back end-papers also with notes. A few underlinings here and there. Woodcut ornamental title-border, woodcut vignettes, woodcut initials, numerous woodcut illustrations and diagrams in the text. Greek-Latin parallel-text. (8), 831, (1) pp.‎

‎The very rare first edition of Julius Pace's seminal ""Organon""-edition, which was the standard-edition of the logical texts of Aristotle throughout more than a century, running through at least 11 editions before 1624. Pace's version of the text, in Greek-Latin parallels, and with Pace's inspired commentaries and interpretations, profoundly influenced Renaissance thought, determining the course of the Organon-interpretation throughout this period and inspiring much original philosophical thought. Pace's interpretation of Aristotle's logical works - arguably the most influential collection of works in the history of Western thought - not only changed the face of Renaissance thought, it has remained the authoritative reading of Aristotle's ""Organon"" to this day and is still considered the most important and authoritative reading of the texts. As Ross puts it in the Preface to his translation of the logical works (the standard Oxford-edition): ""My chief authority in matters of interpretation has been Pacius"". (""The Works of Aristotle Translated into English Under the Editorship of W.D. Ross. Volume I"". Oxford University Press). To this day, a proper study of Aristotle's ""Organon"" - and Porphyrios' ""Isagoge"" - is still unthinkable without references to Pace, his rendering of the text, and his interpretations of it. The famous ""Porphyrian Tree"" or ""arbor porphyriana"", which has gone down in history as a standard presentation of the basis of Aristotle's thought, was presented by Porphyrios in his ""Isagoge"", which since Antiquity has accompanied Aristotle's ""Ornanon"" as an introduction thereof. The standard presentation of this tree is that of Pace in the present edition, on p. 9. It is that rendering of it, with occasional slight alterations, which has remained standard ever since 1584. That which we ever since Antiquity have called the ""Organon"" comprises the logical works of Aristotle: 1. Categories, 2. On Interpretation, 3. Prior Analytics, 4. Posterior Analytics, 5. Topics, 6. On Sophistical Refutations - which ever since late Antiquity/early Middle Ages have been accompanied by Porphyrios' (233/34-ca.310) ""Isagoge"", his introduction to Aristotle's ""Categories"". During the Renaissance, all editions of Aristotle's ""Organon"" also comprised Porphyrios' ""Isagoge"", which was seen as necessary for the understanding of Aristotle's logic. Aristotle's logic has played a seminal role in the history of Western thought. No other collection of writings has had an impact on the history of philosophy that comes close to the ""Organon"", an impact that remains pivotal to this day. ""Aristotle's logic, especially his theory of the syllogism, has had an unparalleled influence on the history of Western thought."" (SEP).From Antiquity, the earlier middle ages had inherited Boethius' translation of the two first treatises of Aristotle's ""Organon"", along with Porphyrios' ""Isagoge"". These works formed the basis for logical study and teaching until the end of the 11th century. Only during the 12th and 13th centuries, were Aristotle's writings - along with those of the Arabic and some of the Greek commentators - translated into Latin. When the medieval universities reached their full development during the thirteenth century, Aristotle's works were adapted as the standard textbooks for all philosophical disciplines - thus modern terms for many philosophical and scientific disciplines correspond to the titles of Aristotle's works (e.g. Ethics, Physics, Metaphysics). Through Aristotle's works, the West thus acquired, not only the specific problems and ideas that were being dealt with at the universities, but also the terminology used to describe and discuss them and the systematic framework within which all relevant problems should and could be treated. But come the Renaissance, we see a clear change in the use of Aristotle's works. We here witness something other than a mere continuation of the late medieval Aristotelianism. The Humanists began supplying new translations of Aristotle's works and translated all the Greek commentators of Aristotle, many of them for the first time. And thus, a tendency to emphasize the original Greek Aristotle developed, a tendency that became pivotal for the development of modern thought - the development of modern science and modern philosophy is inextricably linked with the Renaissance Humanist editions of Aristotle's works in Greek (with Latin parallel-text). The ""Organon"", Aristotle's seminal logical writings, occupies a central position within the Aristotelian body of writing and thus within the development of Western thought. Certain Humanist versions of the Greek text and the Latin translations, as well as the interpretations of them, thus came to play a seminal role in the trajectory of Renaissance and modern though, Pace's ""Organon""-edition presumably being THE most important and influential edition ever to have appeared. ""The medieval traditions of logical writing survived well into the sixteenth century particularly at Paris and at the Spanish universities, though with considerable internal changes. Treatises on sophisms and on proofs of terms ceased to be written"" whereas there was a sudden flurry of activity concerned with the various divisions of terms and with the opposition of propositions, i.e. the logical relations between different kinds of categorical proposition. These internal changes were not, however, sufficient to keep the tradition alive, and after about 1530 not only did new writing on the specifically medieval contributions to logic cease, but the publication of medieval logicians virtually ceased. The main exceptions were the logical commentaries by (or attributed to) such authors as Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus, which found a place in their ""Opera Omnia"", and which benefited from a revived interest in the great medieval metaphysicians.The main changes in the teaching and writing of logic during the sixteenth century were due to the impact of humanism. First, commentaries on Aristotle came to display a totally new style of writing. One reason for this was the influence of new translations of Aristotle, and new attitudes to the Greek text. Another reason was the publication of the Greek commentators on Aristotle's logic, Alexander, Themistius, Ammonius, Philoponus and Simplicius. A third reason was the new emphasis on Averroes, which expressed itself in the great Aristotle-Averroes edition of 1550-1552. The effects of these new factors can be seen in the commentaries on individual works of the ""Organon"" by such Italians as Agostino Nifo (1473-1546) and Jacopo Zabarella (1533-1589), the latter of whom offered a particularly influential account of scientific method. They can also be seen in the ""Organon"" edition of Giulio Pace (1550-1635), which was first published in 1584 and contained the Greek text side-by-side with a new translation which was designed not only to read well but also to capture the philosophical significance of Aristotle's words."" (Raul Corazzon, ""History of Renaissance and Modern Logic from 1400 to Stuart Mill"").""No editor better understood the nature of this Treatise of Aristotle than Julius Pacius, who was the preceptor of Casaubon, and profoundedly skilled in all the arcane of the Peripatetic philosophy, in both the Greek and Latin tongues."" (Dibdin I: 318)Giulio Pace of Beriga (or Julius Pace/Pacius) (1550 - 1635) was a famous Italian Aristotelian scholar and jurist. He was born in Vicenza and studied law and philosophy in Padua. He was inspired by the Reformation and put on trial by the Inquisition. Therefore he had to flee Italy and escaped, first to Geneva, thereafter to Germany. While in Heidelberg, he converted to Protestantism. He was highly respected as an academic and was widely known for his deep knowledge and understanding of Aristotle, whom he became famous for translating. He was elected public professor in Geneva, where he taught for ten years (1575-1585). The next ten years he spent teaching law at the University of Heidelberg (where he got into different conflicts, especially with the philosophical faculty for giving private tuition in the controversial Ramist logic). After Heidelberg, he taught at different universities throughout Europe, where he was especially well known for his 1584-edition of Aristotle's ""Organon"", which played a definitive role in Aristotle-scholarship and philosophy in general throughout all of Europe.Dibdin I:318" Adams A:1866.‎

‎Über den glatten Hai des Aristoteles, und über die Verschiedenheiten unter den Haifischen un Rochen in der Entwickelung des Eies. [In: Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin. Aus dem Jahr 1840]. - [ESTABLISHING ARISTOTLE AS THE FOUNDER OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE]‎

‎Berlin, 1842. 4to. Entire volume of ""Abhandlungen""... and ""Mathamatische Abhandlungen""... 1840 present. Contemporary yellow boards with a vellum-like spine. Handwritten title to spine. A bit of wear and soiling to extremities, and corners bent. Internally fine and clean. Stamp to title-page (Dom-Gymnasium Magdeburg, also stamped out). Pp. (187)- 257 + 6 plates, two of which are folded. Text very nice, bright, and clean, plates with a bit of brownspotting. [Entire volume: (6), XVII, (5), 400 pp. + 10 plates, 4 of which are coloured + (4), 137 pp.].‎

‎First printing of this foundational work, which established the acceptance, by the modern world, of Aristotle as the founder of biological science. It is due to the present work that modern encyclopaedias will now conclude that ""Aristotle is properly recognized as the originator of the scientific study of life."" (SEP). Apart from its importance to the modern view of Aristotle, the present paper was also central to Müller's construction of a natural system of the fishes. For centuries, the authority of Aristotle in matters of science and biology was unrivalled, but with modern science, the advancement of exact knowledge, and modern man's ability to investigate the smallest of details, Aristotle's scientific and zoological works increasingly came to be viewed as not properly belonging to the exact sciences. Many biologists would claim that his observations were fanciful and incorrect, not constituting any real scientific value. This view completely changed with the publication of the present paper, by the renowned zoologist Müller.In his ""Historia Animalium"", Aristotle had described a phenomenon in a shark, which no modern zoologist believed to be true. Had it been true, our classification among sharks and fish would need to be different, as this fanciful observation would completely alter our view of the shark as such. Müller, in the present treatise, was the first to actually prove Aristotle's observation to be true, thereby altering the modern conception of Aristotle, earning him the respect that he truly deserved as the first scientific biologist and as the originator of the scientific study of life. ""Müller placed the Cyclostomata among the fishes. He was thus led to study the sharks... A further product of this investigation was ""Über den glatten Hai des Aristoteles"" (1842). In ""Historia animalium"", Aristotle had reported that the embryos of the ""so-called smooth shark"" are attached to the uterus of the mother by a placenta, as is the case among mammals. Rondelet had described such a shark in 1555 and Steno had observed one in 1673 off the coast of Tuscany, but it had not been referred to in more recent times. Müller was the first who was able to corroborate the earlier testimony.In conjunction with the study of the shark, Müller constructed a natural system of the fishes based on work as painstaking as it was perceptive."" (DSB).Johannes Peter Müller (1801-58) was one of the most important physiologists and zoologists of the 19th century. He made a vast number of important discoveries, and his unusual and empirical approach to his subjects made him one of the most influential scientists of the century. ""Müller introduced a new era of biological research in Germany and pioneered the use of experimental methods in medicine. He overcame the inclination to natural-philosophical speculation widespread in German universities during his youth, and inculcated respect for careful observation and physiological experimentation. He required of empirical research that it be carried out ""with seriousness of purpose and thoughtfulness, with incorruptible love of truth and perseverance."" Anatomy and physiology, pathological anatomy and histology, embryology and zoology-in all these fields he made numerous fundamental discoveries. Almost all German scientists who achieved fame after the middle of the nineteenth century considered themselves his students or adopted his methods or views. Their remarks reveal his preeminent position in medical and biological research. Helmholtz, one of his most brilliant students, termed Müller a ""man of the first rank"" and stated that his acquaintance with him had ""definitively altered his intellectual standards""."" (DSB).‎

‎Aristoteles. Grundlegung einer Geschichte seiner Entwicklung. - [TURNING ARISTOTLE UPSIDE DOWN]‎

‎Berlin, Weidmannsche Buchhandlund, 1923. Lex 8vo. Orig. printed wrappers. Front wrapper and spine intact and in fine condition, back wrapper partly missing, -only ab. the middle third part is present. Uncut and internally nice and clean. A tear to front hinge and a few repairs to spine. (8), 438 pp.‎

‎The not common first edition of Jaeger's seminal work, which fundamentally changed Aristotle scholarship in the 20th century.With the publication of his first major work, ""Aristoteles"", Jaeger became an academic sensation, and no student of Aristotle can be unaware of the huge impact this highly untraditional work on the history of the development of Aristotle had within academic circles. The work is epochal and revolutionary, and though it has been heavily criticized an scholded by especially later scholars, there can be no doubt that the book raises several now inevitable questions that previously had been almost completely neglected.Being very thorough in his investigations and using everything he could find from the hand of Aristotle, Jaeger constructs a picture of Aristotle's development through time that was to revolutionize the study of Aristotle. By seeking parallels in works that are not internally consistent, Jaeger turns the hitherto established chronology of the writings of Aristotle upside down and demonstrates his increasing independence from Plato. After the publication of this work the genetic and developmental question came to dominate Aristotle scholarship, and nothing could be written about Aristotle without taking these questions into consideration. Probably no other work can be said to have influenced the study of the greatest philosopher of all times to such a degree as this one.‎

‎Platonis cum Aristotele in universa philosophia comparatio.Qua hoc Commentario, in Alcinoi Institutionem ad eiusdem Platonis doctrinam, explicatur (+) Pars posterior Platonicae et Aristotelicae comparationis in universa Philosophia. Quae de animorum i... - [UNITING PLATO AND ARISTOTLE - ATTACKING RAMUS]‎

‎Parisiis, Iacobi du Puys, 1573. 4to. Bound in one near contemporary full vellum. Printers woodcut device to booth title pages. Ex-libris [Luigi Imolae, physician to Pope VII] pasted on to pasted down front free end paper. Title written in contemporary hand to upper part of spine. Names written in contemporary hand and crossed out, except for 'Livius' and 'Imolae', to first title page. Very light uniform browning to leaves. All in all a fine and clean copy. (87), 477, (11), 328, (4) pp.‎

‎First edition of Charpentier's famous comparison of Aristotle and Plato - one of the most thorough and important works of its kind - which came to influence the way that the Renaissance viewed the two great thinkers and their works. The work, which is profoundly anti-Ramist and also as such drew great attention, constitutes a fabulous determination of the joint legacy of Aristotle and Plato and is one of the works that best illustrates the nuanced basis of Renaissance scholarship and philosophy. It is a curious but generally accepted conception that with the rise of the Renaissance came the fall of Aristotle. It is a fact that with the recovery of many lost works of ancient literature, the widening of the range of classical studies and the renewed interest in Plato, Aristotle was no longer the sole authority on a huge number of fields, as he to a certain extent had been viewed during the Middle Ages. That this should mean a total ignorance of the teachings of Aristotle must be considered somewhat of a myth (though a very frequently repeated one), and in fact with the grand humanists of the late 15th and early 16th century, the study of Aristotle fits perfectly with the broader comprehension of scholarship. The idea of nearing the thought of Aristotle to that of Plato and vice-versa is something that understreams much original thought of the Renaissance, and Charpentier's work, which explicitly and thoroughly compares and reconciles the two great thinkers, gives us a fabulous insight into Renaissance thought, as it is rarely presented.""It was published at Paris in 1573. Charpentier shows a knowledge of other writers in this tradition, namely Boethius, Bessarion, George Trebizond, Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Symphorien Champier, and Fox Morcillo, among others."" (Riccardo Pozzo, ""The Impact of Aristotelianism on Modern Philosophy"", p. 20). Jacques Charpentier (1521-74), Professor of medicine and philosophy, Charles IX's physician, taught mathematics at the Collège de France and philosophy at the Collège de Bourgogne and was later appointed Rector of the University of Paris. He passionately defended Peripateticism and was renowned for his philosophical and religious intolerance. Despite his remarkable merits he is today perhaps best known for his feud with Petrus Ramus, French humanist and protestant convert with a liberal approach to Aristotelian teaching. In Ramus Charpentier saw the impact of Lorenzo Valla's criticism or Aristotle: ""He thought that with Ramus the true idea of knowledge was in danger of eclipse"", as expressed in the present work. Charpentier is often referred to as a Anti-Ramist due to his many - often fierce and personal - attacks on Ramus's teaching:""More intellectual provocative were three attacks by Jacques Charpentier. In 1551 as rector of the University Charpentier ruled that because Ramus did not teach the Aristotelian logic required by the statutes, his pupils could not enjoy the privileges of Paris university students. Rasmus appealed first to the assembly of regents of Philosophy and later to the Parliament of Paris. Before the Parliament Ramus outlined a programme of study in which grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic led first to natural and moral philosophy and later theology or law. He argued that his method of teaching avoided wasting time on scholastic technicalities and produced graduates who were better prepared for practical life. The effectiveness of this speech and the support of his patron helped him to avoid censure and obtain a royal lectureship."" (Mack, A History of Renaissance Rhetoric 1380-1620, Pp. 153-4).""by 1565 he was leading opposition to the naming of Jacques Charpentier (no relation), a long-time adversary, to the royal chair of mathematics. Charpentier, who had by then succeeded Ramus as the Cardinal de Lorraine's protégé and who enjoyed Jesuit support, kept his chair"" and Ramus, ever more threatened, in 1567 again fled Paris, taking refuge with the Prince de Condé."" (DSB).‎

‎Aristotle. The Works of Aristotle translated into English under the editorship of W.D. Ross. In Russian (ask us if in d‎

‎Aristotle. The Works of Aristotle translated into English under the editorship of W.D. Ross. In Russian (ask us if in doubt)./Aristotle (Aristotel'). The Works of Aristotle translated into English under the editorship of W.D. Ross. Vol. III: Meteorologica De Mundo De Anima Parva Naturalia De Spiritu. London: Oxford Clarendon Press 1963 VIII and approx. 600. SKUalb19bdb9e4f49e2862.‎