‎Francisco Hidalgo‎
‎La defense‎

‎Pour la défense nationale. Comité de l'or et de la défense nationale.‎

‎ Imprimerie de Montsouris P. Orsoni, éditeur A. Bodard. 39X29 cm. ‎

‎Image en couleurs. ‎

‎Bulletin de la société internationale de défense sociale - Cahiers de défense sociale - la révision du programme minium de défense sociale - la défense sociale trente ans après - l'influence de la défense sociale nouvelle sur la législation pénale etc.‎

‎Centaurus - Verlagsgesellschaft Pfaffenweiler. 1986. In-8. Broché. Bon état, Couv. convenable, Dos satisfaisant, Intérieur frais. 240 pages - texte en français, allemand, anglais.. . . . Classification Dewey : 300-SCIENCES SOCIALES‎

‎texte en français, allemand, anglais - Sommaire : la révision du programme minium de défense sociale - la défense sociale trente ans après - l'influence de la défense sociale nouvelle sur la législation pénale yougoslave - die neuformulierung des minimalprogramms der défense social - human dignity and social defense - la politique du traitement à la lumière de la 3e édition de la défense sociale nouvelle - research policy, criminal policy and social defense - im vorfeld einer entkriminalisierungspolitik einige beobachtungen etc. Classification Dewey : 300-SCIENCES SOCIALES‎

‎Défense de l'Esprit des Loix [sic, Lois] à laquelle on a joint quelques éclaircissemens [éclaircissements] [a été relié à la suite :] Observations sur l'Esprit des Loix ou Art de lire ce livre, de l'entendre et d'en juger. [a été relié à la suite :] Suite de la Défense de l'Esprit des Loix ou Examen de la Réplique du Gazetier ecclésiastique, à la Défense de l'Esprit des Loix.‎

‎ A Genève [Paris], chez Barrillot & Fils, 1750 - A Genève, chez Antoine Philibert, 1751 - A Berlin, s.é., 1751. 3 vol. reliés en un vol. in-12 (167 x 103 mm) de 207 pp. ; 173 pp. et 1 f. de catalogue éditeur in fine ; 1 f. n.fol. et 76 pp. Reliure début XIXème de demi-chagrin glacé havane, filet et filet sinusoïdal verticaux à froid portés sur les plats, dos lisse orné de filets dorés, roulettes dorées et à froid, titre doré, palette dorée en tête et queue. ‎

‎ Recueil composite renfermant trois précieux textes en originale, dont La Défense de l'Esprit des loix de Montesquieu. La publication de l'Esprit des lois (1748) souleva un concert de louanges mais aussi une campagne de critiques qui devait aboutir à sa mise à l'Index en 1751. Le philosophe préconisait avec insistance une franche séparation du politique et du religieux. Dans sa Défense, il rétorque que l'ouvrage est un livre de droit, non de théologie. (in Rahir). ''Montesquieu avait résolu de ne répondre à aucune des critiques qui seraient faites de L'Esprit des lois ; mais il ne put passer sous silence les attaques d'un auteur anonyme [Joseph de La Porte] qui dans un journal l'avait déchiré avec fureur, et le peignait comme un athée. Il lui importait de repousser les insinuations calomnieuses du gazetier ecclésiastique. Il voulait en ême temps réfuter d'avance les théologiens de la Sorbonne, qui, peu contents de quelques passages de L'Esprit des lois, allaient procéder à une censure de cet ouvrage. C'est dans ce double but qu'il écrivit sa Défense, modèle de discussion solide et de plaisanterie légère. La Beaumelle a publié une suite de cette Défense''. (in Quérard). ''L'ouvrage constitue une réponse aux critiques de l'abbé de La Porte dans les Nouvelles ecclésiastiques de la France de 1749 et dans le Journal des savants de 1750. Celui-ci ayant répliqué dans le Journal de Trévoux, il lui fut répondu par M. de La Beaumelle par une Suite de la Défense de l'esprit des Loix ›[...]''. (in Graesse). Barbier III, Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes, 615 puis IV, 575-b - Pour la Défense de l'Esprit des Lois : Tchemerzine VIII, Bibliographie d'éditions originales et rares d'auteurs français, 461 - Rahir, La Bibliothèque de l'amateur, p. 550 - Graesse IV, Trésor de livres rares et précieux, p. 589 - Brunet III, Manuel du libraire et de l'amateur de livres, 1860 - Quérard VI, La France littéraire, p. 238 - Cioranescu II, Bibliographie de la littérature française du XVIIIème, 46140. Légers frottements affectant le papier marbré des plats. Quelques feuillets légèrement brunis. Rousseurs éparses dans le texte. Nonobstant, bel ensemble. ‎

‎"Sommaires de Conférences sur la Défense Passive"‎

‎"Paris. 22 cm x 28 cm. 1939. En feuilles. Paris Ministère de la Défense Nationale Direction de la Défense Passive 1939. En feuilles sous chemise à rabat 22 cm x 28 cm La chemise contient 6 circulaires sur 7 : - Circulaire n°1 (à remettre aux maîtres de l'Enseignement ) : Ce qu'est la Défense Passive 4 pages - Circulaire n°2 (à remettre aux maîtres de l'Enseignement ) : La Défense Passive à l'Etranger 4 pages - Circulaire n°3 (à remettre aux maîtres de l'Enseignement ) - Les Soins à Donner aux Gazés et Blessés 6 pages - Circulaire n°4 - Défense Passive Elémentaire à l'usage de la population 4 pages - Circulaire n°6 (à remettre aux maîtres de l'Enseignement et à faire livre par tous les sapeurs pompiers ) - La Lutte contre le feu dans le cadre des mesures de défense passive 14 pages - Circulaire n°7 (à remettre aux maîtres de l'Enseignement et convenant particulièrement à la population civile en général)) - La Mise à l'Abri de la Population en de Bombardements Aériens 5 pages. Il est joint 2 brochures ; - Instruction Provisoire Sur La Lutte Contre Les Incendies Provoqués Par les Bombardements Aériens Paris Imprimerie Nationale 1939 11 5 cm x 18 5 cm 24 pages état neuf - Notice Provisoire Relative A La Mise A L'Abri De La Population Maintenue Dans Les Localités Classées de 1ère Urgence Paris Ministère de la Défense Nationale et de la Guerre 24 décembre 1938 agrafé 21 pages+ XII planches Très bon état" "Très bon état"‎

‎The Danish Journalists’ Tour of the North American Defense Command 10th July – 12th August. ‎

‎(USA), The North American Defense Command, 1960. Elephant Folio (765 x 515 mm). Large collection of photos with accompanying commentaries, in the custom made blue binding with gilt lettering to front board. 137 original monochrome photos (measuring 255 x 200 mm) pasted on to 40 leaves of paper documenting a month long trip to document the US Air Defense System from Copenhagen to New York, Washington, Chicago, San Francisco and, the main focus of the trip, Thule and Station Nord in the North of Greenland. Also inserted are two formal signed letters to chief editor of the Danish newspaper Fyns Tidende, Knud Madsen, 1) from Val Peterson, American Ambassador to Denmark, 2) from Laurence S. Kuter, U.S. Air Force general and Commander in Chief of NORAD. Both letters are thanking Knud for his time, for their close working relationship and for his understanding. Light wear to extremities and paper slightly browned in margin but otherwise in fine condition and all photos well preserved.‎

‎Exceedingly rare photo album - curated by the North American Defense Command with personal signed letters by Val Peterson, American Ambassador to Denmark and Laurence S. Kuter, U.S. Air Force general and Commander in Chief of NORAD - depicting the Danish journalists' tour of the North American Defense Command in the summer of 1960. The album is of the utmost scarcity and was only presented to a select few of the participants of the tour. The present collection is a testament to one of the most controversial and disputed chapters in the Danish-North American relationship, namely that of Camp Century on Greenland this includes installation of a portable nuclear reactor, the first of its kind, and eventually the creation of a vast network of nuclear missile launch sites – information only declassified in 1996. Furthermore, it is a fine example of US-military Cold War propaganda and it they sought to influence the public opinion in allied countries. In 1951, the United States and Denmark - both founding members of the North American Treaty Organization (NATO) - signed the Defense of Greenland Agreement. The treaty was intended “to negotiate arrangements under which armed forces of the parties to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization may make use of facilities in Greenland in defense of Greenland and the rest of the North Atlantic Treaty area.” More simply put, the agreement allowed the United States to build military bases in Greenland. Denmark and the US had signed a formal agreement granting America the right to maintain military bases in Greenland, but only in strictly defined areas, such as Thule Air Base in Northwest Greenland. They still needed approval from the Danish authorities for all activities outside these defence areas. In 1957, without informing the Danish Parliament, the Danish Prime Minister H. C. Hansen gave the Americans permission to store nuclear weapons at Thule AB. When the US Army constructed Camp Century, completely with its own transportable nuclear reactor, the Danish Government found itself in a tight corner. As news about Camp Century spread due to the army’s publicity campaign, the Danish authorities were forced to explain that there were no nukes in Greenland. The Danes had to either give in entirely to the American requests to deploy various nuclear weapons in Greenland, or take a firmer stand against the Americans. Denmark opted for the second solution. In recognition of the unfavourable public climate in Denmark, the US military issued a press campaign to provide better understanding of the need for military bases in the Artic. This was primarily done by inviting chief editors from the major Danish newspapers on a month long trip to the US as is evident from the present photos, no expenses were spared. As ambassador Val Peterson wrote to Danish chief editor Knud Madsen in the accompanying letter:“From personal conversations with several participants in your tour, and from articles about the trip which already have appeared in the Danish press, I know that the various sponsoring agencies have done their utmost to make your visit instructive as well as pleasant. Above all, I am happy that you have had an opportunity to gain an insight in the vast effort made the the United States to safeguard the security of the free world and to maintain the peace, in close and cordial cooperation with our friends and Allies, Denmark prominently among them” And General Laurence S. Kuter: “We were delighted to have an opportunity to explain the important segments of our defense system to you – the NORAD Story. Denmark will continue to play a very important role in North American’s air and aerospace defenses in permitting important detection devices to be located in Greenland. Denmark is the only continental NATO power which provides such land-basing opportunity, which is essential for North America’s surveillance of the polar approach route. We hope, as a result of your visit, we now have a closer working relationship and understanding.” (From the accompanying letter). Over the next decade, the American military built three air bases in Greenland: Narssarsuaq, Sondestrom, and Thule. In context of the Cold War, these bases provided a refueling point and a base of operations for intermediate-range strategic bombers. Additionally, the United States deployed radar stations in Greenland to maintain a Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS) and a Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line, which would give the United States advance warning of a Soviet nuclear attack. The Thule Air Base is the only of the three which is still operational today. Located less than 1,000 miles from the North Pole, it is the U.S. Air Force’s northernmost base. Construction on Camp Century began in June 1959 and was completed by October 1960. Army engineers first had to build a three mile road to bring the 6,000 tons of supplies it would require to build the $8 million facility. Most of the heavy equipment, including vehicles, were brought by bobsleds known as “heavy swings” which had a maximum speed of two miles per hour, making it a 70 hour trip from the Thule Air Base. The camp itself was not a secret. Officially, it was built for scientific purposes under the auspices of the Army Polar Research and Development Center. The Army even produced a short film promoting Camp Century as a “remote research community.” The facility did see some significant scientific discoveries, such as some of the first studies of ice cores, revealing geological secrets going back 100,000 years. Science, however was not the primary purpose of Camp Century. The facility was built primarily as a test for a military operation involving nuclear missiles. The U.S. Army continued to operate Camp Century in a limited capacity until 1966. Its tunnels quickly collapsed, and today the facility is unreachable, buried under a thick layer of ice. Project Iceworm remained a closely guarded secret until 1997, when the Danish Institute of International Affairs (DUPI) reported Camp Century’s military ambitions. ‎