‎CANTILLON (Richard)‎
‎Essai sur la nature du commerce en général. ‎

‎Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en général. Traduit de l'anglois. - [THE FOUNDATION OF ECONOMIC THEORY]‎

‎A Londres, Chez Fletcher Gyles, dans Holborn, 1755. 12mo (binding ab. 17x10 cm). Bound in a very nice, contemporary full mottled calf binding with five raised bands to richly gilt spine. All edges of boards with a single gilt line-decoration. Beautiful marbled edges. Very neat and professional restorations to hinges and upper capital. A single tiny worm-hole to middle of spine and a supeficial, barely noticeable, crack down the middle. Old paper-label to lower compartment of spine. One corner a bit worn. Small ex libris to inside of front board, ex libris stamp to half-title. Contemporary owner's name crossed out at title-page. Internally exceptionally nice and clean. Small worm-hole to inner margin of about 60 leaves towards the end, only just touching the edge of a very few letters, otherwise not affecting lettering at all. (4), 430, (6, -Table des Chapitres) pp.‎

‎The exceedingly rare first edition of one of the most important and influential works of economic literature, as well as being one of the scarcest. The author is considered a pioneer of economic theory who anticipated and influenced the likes of Smith, Malthus, Turgot, Quesnay, Mirabeau, etc., etc. and this, his only published work (!), is considered the first actual work of theoretical economics, an absolutely ground-breaking work which by Jevons was characterized as the ""Cradle of Political Economy"".Richard Cantillon (1680-1734), though his name is probably of Spanish descent, was an Irishman, and he spent most of his life in France. He was a man of secrecy, and little is known about his life and work. He wrote his only published book, the seminal ""Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général"" between 1730 and 1734 but never saw it published, as he was murdered in 1734 (when he was robbed and his house was set on fire, presumably by his former cook whom he had dismissed ten days earlier), and the book had to await posthumous publication. There is evidence that Cantillon wrote much more than this single work, but the ""Essai"" seems to be the only one that survived the fire in his house on the night of his death. The work was finally published for the first time in French, anonymously, in 1755, and it is not known whether Cantillon actually wrote the manuscript in French and that the mention of translation on the title-page is false (e.g. to avoid French censorship), or whether he wrote the manuscript in English and translated it into French himself"" in all cases, the work circulated in French manuscript form, before it was published, and an English manuscript has never been found. ""In any case, the ""Essai"" is a work of genious, and it was undoubtedly written by Cantillon"" (Brewer, p. 19). After having had an immense influence on the Physiocrats and the French School, directly influencing Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot , François Quesnay, Jean-Baptiste Say, Victor de Riquetti marquis de Mirabeau, Adam Smith, etc., the ""Essay…"" soon sank into obscurity only to be rediscovered by Jevons in the 1880'ies, and throughout the late 19th and the 20th century it has become increasingly evident that the present work is indeed a pioneering work, which directly and indirectly influenced almost all later economic theory. ""Richard Cantillon was a key figure in the early development of economics. He was one of the first to see economy as a single inter-connected system and to try to explain how it worked, and the first to present a coherent theory of prices and income distribution. He made major contributions to monetary theory and to the theory of balance of payments adjustment. The Physiocrats, writing only a few years after the (delayed) publication of Cantillon's one surviving work, the ""Essai sur la nature du commerce en general"", took many of their ideas very directly from it. Adam Smith probably learnt from Cantillon's ""Essai"" , as well as from the Physiocrats. There is thus a direct line of intellectual descent from Cantillon's ""Essai"" to Smith's ""Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations"", and to modern economics."" (Brewer, p. 1). ""Cantillon predated the Physiocrats in two ways. First, he used the term ""entrepreneur"" and emphasized the role of this figure in economic life. Business people, Cantillon said commit themselves to definite payments in expectation of uncertain receipts"" this risk taking is remunerated by profit, which competition tends to reduce to the normal value of the entrepreneurs' services. Second, writing a generation before Quesnay constructed his ""Tableau Economique"", Cantillon stated: ""Cash is therefore necessary, not only for the Rent of the landlord... but also for the City merchandise consumed in the country... The circulation of this money takes place when the Landlords spend in detail in the City the rents which the farmers have paid them in lump sums, and when the Entrepreneurs of the Cities, Butchers, Bakers, Brewers, etc. collect little by little the same money to buy from the Farmers in lump sums Cattle, Wheat, Barley, etc.""Cantillon developed a theory of value and price. His emphasis on the role of land and labor, on supply and demand, and on the fluctuations of price around intrinsic value makes him a direct forerunner of classical economists... Cantillon anticipated classical economic thought in several other ways. For example, he stated, ""Men multiply like mice in a barn if they have unlimited Means of Subsistence."" The classical economist Thomas Malthus held a similar view. Also, Cantillon analyzed interest as a reward for the risk taken in lending, based on profits that the entrepreneurs can make by borrowing and investing... In addition, Cantillon focused on the productivity of a nation's resources..."" (Brue, pp. 59-60).See: Anthony Brewer, Richard Cantillon: Pioneer of Economic Theory, 1992Stanley L. Brue, The Evolution of Economic Thought. Sixth Edition, 2000Kress: 5423" Einaudi: 846 Goldsmiths’ 8989 Higgs, Bibliography of Economics, 938.‎

‎Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en général. Traduit de l'anglois.‎

‎A Londres, Chez Fletcher Gyles, dans Holborn, 1755. (4), 430, (6, Table des Chapitres) pp. 12mo. Contemporary half calf, spine gilt in compartments, gilt lettering, floral ornament in each compartment, green paper covered boards, all edges red. Kress 5423; Goldsmiths 8989; Einaudi 846; INED 933; Higgs 938; En Français dans le Texte, 159; Leblanc 57; Antoin E. Murphy, Richard Cantillon: entrepreneur and economist; T. Hutcheson, Before Adam Smith, pp. 163-178. First edition of Cantillon's great work, 'the most systematic statement of economic principles before Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations' (Roll, p. 121). 'The economic repute of Cantillon, for a time completely obscured by the glory of Adam Smith, can never have rested upon the popularity of his little book, now one of the scarcest works in economic literature .. The influence of the book is evidenced not only by the number but by the distinction of its students, including Gournay, Quesnay, Mirabeau, Turgot, and Adam Smith. It gave birth to Mirabeau's l'Ami des Hommes and apparently suggested much of the Tableau Oeconomique of Quesnay and parts of the Wealth of Nations .. Cantillon avoided, as Jevons has pointed out, the one-sidedness of the Physiocrats; and yet has been marked out as a Physiocrat .. Jevons thought Cantillon wrote 'with the scientific precision of a Cairnes or a Cournot,' and Prof. Marshall refers to his 'thoroughly scientific manner of discussion' .. In France the Essai has been pretty continuously read (see e.g. Ganilh, Des Systèmes d'Economie Politique, 2d. ed. 1821), and so stimulating and suggestive does it remain that its direct influence may be found to be not yet exhausted' (Palgrave, i, pp. 214f). Roll has called this work 'the most systematic statement of economic principles, before the Wealth of Nations' (History of Economic Thought, p. 121).Cantillon, a French banker of Irish extraction, was influenced by Petty, but his own influence was principally felt by the Physiocrat school: Higgs maintains that Quesnay took his fundamental principle of Physiocracy from the Essai. The Essai was written about 1730 and circulated in manuscript. Cantillon died in 1734 and the work was first published in 1755 in French, not in English, as stated on the title.The Essai has been quoted by Smith, Condillac, and Quesnay, plagiarised by Harris and Postlethwayt, and called by Jevons 'more emphatically than any other single work the cradle of political economy'. The work is divided into three sections: a general introduction to political economy, a treatise on currency, and a study of foreign commerce and exchange.'Since the 'discovery' of Cantillon by the English-speaking world following Jevons's enthusiastic article (1881), no less than justice has been done to the merits of the Essay .. Jevons himself noted that Cantillon had presented a treatment of currency, foreign exchanges, banking and credit which, judged against the work of its period, he felt to be 'almost beyond praise' .. It was likewise recognized as early as Jevons that Cantillon had set out the leading ideas of Adam Smith's 'important doctrine concerning wages in different employments' .. and that the Essay contained .. 'an almost complete anticipation of the Malthusian theory of population' (The New Palgrave, i, p. 318). - A very good copy. ‎

‎Essai sur la nature du commerce en général ( texte de l'é.o de 1755 )‎

‎ A l'Institut National d'études démographiques, 1952, 192pp, grd in-8, jaquette abimée, livre en très bon état‎

‎Essai sur la nature du commerce en general‎

‎Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques 1997‎

‎in8, cartonnage toile editeur, 1997, 192p, jaquette etat correct d'usage (legerement salie, contours frottes, petites taches au dos, une dechirure sans manque au verso), livre bon etat sauf un tampon "Mis au pilon" en premiere page blanche, reimpression de l'editionde 1952, fondee sur le texte original de 1755, avec des etudes et commentaires revus et augmentes, Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques‎

‎Essai sur la nature du commerce en général.‎

‎Londres, Fletcher Gyles, 1756.‎

‎ Deuxième édition de ce livre majeur dans l'histoire de l'économie politique. Il a fortement inspiré les physiocrates et Adam Smith. C'est " l'exposé le plus cohérent des principes économiques avant la Richesse des nations d'Adam Smith. Ecrit vers 1730, l'ouvrage a circulé sous forme de manuscrit, avant d'être publié en 1755 à titre posthume. Un manque dans la marge blanche en haut de la première page de texte. Discrètes restaurations à la reliure. Bel exemplaire. En français dans le texte 159. /// In-8 de 427, (5) pp. Veau brun, dos à nerfs orné, tranches mouchetées. (Reliure de l'époque.) //// Second edition of this fundamental work in the history of political economy. It strongly inspired the physiocrats and Adam Smith. It is "the most systematic statement of economic principles before the Wealth of Nations. Written around 1730, the work circulated in manuscript form before being published posthumously in 1755. A lack in the white margin at the top of the first page of text. Discrete restorations to the binding. A very fine copy. /// PLUS DE PHOTOS SUR WWW.LATUDE.NET‎