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5 book(s) with the same title
Ritual, Gender, and Narrative in Late Medieval Italy. Fina Buzzacarini and the Baptistery of Padua
, Brepols, 2020 Hardback, 384 pages, Size:225 x 280 mm, Illustrations:188 col., Language: English. ISBN 9782503579689.
Summary Ritual, Gender, and Narrative in Late Medieval Italy is the first English-language study of the baptistery of Padua and its extraordinarily rich fresco program, which opens with Genesis and closes with the Apocalypse. Remarkably, when the building was refashioned and frescoed by Giusto de' Menabuoi in the 1370s, it was a woman, Fina Buzzacarini, who funded the enterprise. In late medieval Italy, baptisteries were potent symbols of civic identity, solidarity, and pride, and towns spent lavishly on them - but no other baptistery was so radically reworked at the behest of a woman. Remarkably, too, though the building continued to function as Padua's baptismal church, the renovations transformed it into the mausoleum of Fina Buzzacarini and her family. This volume takes an interdisciplinary approach, using close visual analysis to argue that to a surprising degree, Fina exerted control over the images. The author argues too that ritual is equally important in understanding the frescoes: that in multiple ways that have rarely been considered, the images respond to and participate in the ritual enacted in this sacred space. The prayers intoned at the font, the actions of the officiant, the hymns chanted in procession and inside the baptistery, and even details of the rite all find visual echoes on the baptistery's walls. Ultimately, gender and ritual intersect in the multilayered frescoes of the Padua baptistery. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1 Fina Buzzacarini in Carrara Padua Local chroniclers say little about Fina, but recount one salient aspect of her life: after marrying Francesco I Carrara in 1345, she failed for over a decade to produce the requisite son and heir. After crises at court over succession, in 1359 she gave birth to a son. Though the couple's marriage was strained by her husband's blatant philandering, previously overlooked records show that Fina, a very wealthy woman, gradually emerged as a powerful presence at court. While some have minimized the degree of Fina's responsibility for the baptistery's program, I cite a number of documents from the later trecento that attest to a woman's ability to shape the subject matter of a work that she funded. I next discuss Fina's tomb monument, which emulates those of earlier Carrara lords but outshines them, and her votive portrait, which places her on the dexter side, as sole donor, and excludes her husband. Finally, I consider the extraordinary small portraits of Fina inserted into several of the narratives and interpret them as assertions of her authority, overt claims of agency, injected through the program. Chapter 2 Baptistery as Mausoleum: Ambitions and Motivations Why would Fina have sought the baptistery as a burial site, and why did Francesco and the local bishop, whose approval would have been required, agree? The sacred space of a baptistery had long been understood as a desirable funerary site. For Francesco, the project meant the embellishment of one of the most important buildings in the city, burnishing the stature of the regime; co-opting the preeminent symbol of civic harmony; and creating a prestigious-and presumably spiritually advantageous-setting for his own tomb. For the bishop, given the brief tenures of his predecessors who dared to cross Francesco, attempting to thwart the project was not a viable option. Fina likely had reasons of her own, which I consider further in Chapter 6, for choosing the baptistery as her burial place. Here I note that baptisteries were uncommonly welcoming to women. The rite offered them a rare opportunity to participate in the liturgy: women took their place at the font next to men. Finally, in electing her burial in the baptistery, Fina insured that her tomb would be seen, and her memory preserved, by future generations. Chapter 3 Narrative, Ritual, Exegesis: The Genesis Cycle This chapter opens with an account of the baptismal ritual as performed in late medieval Italy- the choreography of prayers, chants, readings, ritual actions, and attendant customs for both the solemn rite and the individual rite. The rest of chapter 3, and chapters 4 and 5, analyze the frescoes in the narrative cycles, arguing that they are as carefully choreographed as the rite, and work in concert with it. They respond as well to baptismal theology, depicting themes that offer pictorial glosses on the rite, echoing typological parallels drawn by medieval exegetes. The Genesis cycle in the drum of the dome includes narratives both familiar and more obscure (the Death of Adam; Lamech Slaying Cain; Jacob's Prayer after his Dream; Jacob's Rods; the Reunion of Jacob and Esau). The obscure episodes are distinctly baptismal, and even the familiar ones are rendered in unusual ways that heighten their baptismal resonance. Chapter 4: Narrative, Ritual, Exegesis: The New Testament Cycle The baptismal themes introduced in the drum continue below, in the New Testament cycle, where the frescoes are often strategically sited to respond to others, each accruing meaning from those nearby. Because of these pictorial and thematic correspondences, it is most productive to analyze the frescoes spatially, wall by wall, rather than purely chronologically. While most of the New Testament episodes depicted here are commonly seen in trecento visual narrative, almost all have been adapted in ways that make them singularly appropriate to the site. For instance, in the Massacre of the Innocents, the slain babies, normally shown nude in trecento painting, wear white tunics that evoke the white garments given to infants after baptism; the jugs in the Marriage of Cana are enlarged versions of the ewer used in the baptismal rite. Chapter 5: Narrative, Ritual, Exegesis: The Apocalypse Cycle In the baptistery's apse is a remarkably detailed depiction of the book of Revelation, a subject seldom seen in trecento painting and never on this scale. The choice was well considered: from late antiquity into late medieval Italy, exegetes found in the text repeated allusions to the sacrament. Again, uncommon narrative inclusions, such as the opening of the fifth seal, with the giving of white garments to the souls under the altar, or idiosyncratic features, like the setting of scenes in dramatic seascapes that attest to the salvific potency of water, highlight the relationship between the images and the rite enacted here. Chapter 6: Gender Matters: Maternity, Sexuality, and Visual Rhetoric If the Padua baptistery is a site for the celebration of the liturgy, it is also a site for the celebration, and commemoration, of its patron. Chapter 6 returns to the visual evidence to examine Fina's role in the baptistery more closely. The gender symmetry of the dome, where women and men appear in equal numbers in the largest circle of Paradise, is suggestive. So is the Genesis cycle's insertion of women into the narrative, at times almost rewriting sacred history to insist on their active participation at critical junctures. Moreover, many of the women featured in the dome and the drum are, unlike most women in the Christian pantheon, mothers - significantly, mothers of sons. Several (Sarah, Rebecca, Rachel, Elizabeth) conceived and delivered sons only after a long delay. Important, too, is the Apocalyptic Woman of Rev. 12, prominently depicted in the apse, who gave birth to a son born to rule. All of these women serve as Fina's exemplars - and as reminders of her success in delivering her own long-awaited son. Finally, the frescoes also feature malevolent, and specifically sexually transgressive, women: Herodias, the wife of Lot, and the Whore of Babylon; all are visually juxtaposed with virtuous mothers, and Herodias, who had an adulterous relationship with a ruler, with Fina herself.
Benedict XV: A Pope in the World of the 'Useless Slaughter' (1914-1918)
, Brepols, 2021 Hardback, 2 vols, 1708 pages, Size:156 x 234 mm, Language: English. ISBN 9782503582894.
Summary On August 1, 1917 - three years after the outbreak of World War 1 - pope Benedict XV signed his famous peace note, urging the governments of the belligerent Powers to seek a diplomatic solution to their disputes and stop the "useless slaughter". In order to commemorate the event and to define the place of this "forgotten pope" in twentieth-century history, on November 3-5, 2016, the Fondazione per le Scienze Religiose Giovanni XXIII (Fscire) hosted an international conference, entitled "Benedict XV in the world of the useless slaughter", in which more than a hundred historians from all over the world participated. The aim of the initiative, supported by the Historical and Scientific Committee for Italy's National Anniversaries, is to shed light on the key issues of this pontificate, from Giacomo Della Chiesa's education in the theological seminary in Genua to his heritage and memory all along the twentieth century. The volume resulting from this conference provides a comprehensive and systematic reference work about a key figure in Church history that has all too often been neglected. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations Foreword (Cardinal Pietro Parolin) Introduction (Alberto Melloni) Part One: Stages Origins and Formation Genoa: A Capital between Savoyard Annexation and the Risorgimento (Nicla Buonasorte) The Genoese Aristocracy from the Sixteenth to the Nineteenth Centuries: Traces of the Della Chiesa Family (Federica Meloni) The Migliorati and the Ancestry of Innocent VII (Anna Falcioni) Giacomo Raggi of Genoa, Capuchin Friar, and the Vocation of Giacomo Della Chiesa (Aldo Gorini) Formation and Studies at the Archiepiscopal Seminary of Genoa (Nicla Buonasorte) The Students of the Almo Collegio Capranica at the time of Rector Francesco Vinciguerra (Maurilio Guasco) A Diplomat of Leo XIII From Minutante to Sostituto in the Papal Secretariat of State (Klaus Unterburger) Controversies at the Top: Merry del Val, Della Chiesa, Pius X (1883-1907) (Annibale Zambarbieri) Rampolla, Della Chiesa, Benedict XV (Jean-Marc Ticchi) The Bologna Episcopate Giacomo Della Chiesa's First Pastoral Letter to Bologna (Giovanni Turbanti) Culture and Catholic Associations in Bologna in the Pre-War Period (1908-14) (Marcello Malpensa) Archbishop Giacomo Della Chiesa Facing the Italo-Turkish War (1911-12) (Alessandro Santagata) The Beginning of the Pontificate The Conclave of Benedict XV (1914) (Alberto Melloni) The First Encyclical: Ad beatissimi (Caterina Ciriello) Ideas of War, Ideas of Peace Churches in War, Faith under Fire (Fr d ric Gugelot) Religion in War and the Legitimization of Violence (Lucia Ceci) Italian Military Chaplains and the 'Useless Slaughter' (Andrea Crescenzi) Pope Benedict XV and Pacifism: 'An Invincible Phalanx for Peace'? (Gear id Barry) Interventionism and Neutrality in Italy The Extremist Neutrality of Guido Miglioli (Claudia Baldoli) Italian Foreign Politics at the Dawn of Benedict XV's Pontificate (Michele Marchi) 'In pro della pace': Benedict XV's Diplomatic Steps to Prevent Italy's Intervention in the Great War (Maurizio Cau) Catholic Interventionism (Guido Formigoni) Diplomacy through Aid Benedict XV: Aid to Belgium (Jan De Volder) Benedict XV and the Armenian Question (Georges-Henri Ruyssen) Aid to the Syrians (1916-17): A Failure (Florence Hellot-Bellier) The International Committee of the Red Cross, the Vatican and Prisoners of War (Mara Dissegna) Neutral Switzerland: The Hospitalization of the Wounded and the Credit Owed to Carlo Santucci (Stefano Picciaredda) The Note of 1917 The Papal Peace Note of 1917: Proposals for Armaments, Arbitration, Sanctions and Damages (Alfredo Canavero) Reshaping Borders: Europe and the Colonies in Pope Benedict XV's 1917 Peace Note (Patrick J. Houlihan) The Italian and French Bishops Dealing with the Note of 1917 (Giovanni Cavagnini) The Note of 1 August 1917 and Its Failure (Xavier Boniface) Part Two: Problems The Missions Cardinal Willem Van Rossum, Benedict XV, and the Centralization of the Pontifical Missionary Works in Rome (1918-22) (Vefie Poels & Hans de Valk) The Roncalli-Drehmanns Mission to the French and German Offices for Missionary Work (1921) (Stefano Trinchese) Maximum illud, a Missionary Turning Point? (Claude Prudhomme) The 'Chinese' Missionary Policy of the Holy See before Costantini (Giuseppe Butturini) The Re-Dimensioning of Anti-Modernism 'A Kind of Freemasonry in the Church': The Dissolution of the Sodalitium Pianum (Alejandro Mario Dieguez) Transformations of Integralist Catholicism under Benedict XV: Benigni's Network after the Dissolution of La Sapini re (Nina Valbousquet) Modernism during the Pontificate of Benedict XV: Between Rehabilitation and Condemnation (Giovanni Vian) Benedict XV and Modernism in Germany (Klaus Unterburger) Votes for Women and 'Catholic Feminism' during the Pontificate of Benedict XV (Liviana Gazzetta) The View of the People of Israel Benedict XV: The 'Children of Israel' and the 'Members of Different Religious Confessions' (Raffaella Perin) The Birth of Vatican Policy on Palestine and the Holy Sites (Paolo Zanini) Between Unionism and Ecumenism An Indecisive Inter-Confessional Situation (1914-1922) ( tienne Fouilloux) A Parallel Diplomacy? Vladimir Ghika and Catholic-Orthodox Relations in Romania during World War I (Cl mence de Rouvray) Theological Questions and Devotional Practices Religious Interpretations of War as Reflected in Prayers during World War I (Maria Paiano) Benedict XV and the Nationalization of the Devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus in France and Germany (1914-18) (Claudia Schlager) '... and yet does not touch us': A Survey of European Theology during the Pontificate of Benedict XV (Gianmaria Zamagni) Part Three: Relations France 'Trop petit'? Benedict XV in Cardinal Alfred Baudrillart's Journals and Writings (Rodolfo Rossi) A Case of Oriental Wisdom: The second ralliement (Fabrice Bouthillon) The Doulcet-Gasparri Agreement of 1920 and the Restoration of Diplomatic Relations between France and the Holy See (Audrey Virot) The Appointment of Ambassador Jonnart and the Issue of Religious Associations (Jean Vavasseur-Desperriers) Italy The Reform of Catholic Action (Liliana Ferrari) The Dissolution of the Taparellian Concept of Nationality during the Great War (Cinzia Sulas) The Role of Gaspare Colosimo and the King in the Rejection of the Gasparri Draft (Piero Doria) The Agony of the non expedit (Saretta Marotta) Benedict XV and Proto-Fascism (Alberto Guasco) Germany Benedict XV and the German Episcopate (Sascha Hinkel) The German Reception of the Peace Note (Claus Arnold) The Legacy of Boniface: The Bavarian Episcopate and the In hac tanta Encyclical (December 1918-October 1919) (Patrizio Foresta) The In hac tanta Encyclical (1919) and Peace in Europe (Letterio Mauro) Russia and Ukraine The Holy See's Humanitarian Diplomacy towards the Russian World (1914-22) (Laura Pettinaroli) Benedict XV in Search of Peace for Ukraine (Athanasius McVay) Peace in Eastern Europe (Nathalie Renoton-Beine) Benedict XV and the Caucasus (Simona Merlo) The Other European Nations Benedict XV, the Habsburg Empire and the First Republic of Austria (Francesco Ferrari) Benedict XV and the British Empire (1914-22) (John F. Pollard) Benedict XV and Czechoslovakia (?uboslav Hromj k) Benedict XV and Poland (Roberto Morozzo della Rocca) The Irish War of Independence (Alberto Belletti) Benedict XV and Yugoslavia (1914-22) (Igor Salmi?) Finland and the Catholic Church during the Pontificate of Benedict XV (Milla Bergstr m & Suvy Rytty) The Non-European Countries Appeals to Wilson to Avoid the United States' Entry into War (Liliosa Azara) Benedict XV and the Mexican Revolution (Paolo Valvo) The Holy See's Relations with Brazil (1917-19) (Italo Domingos Santirocchi) Japan on the Vatican's Radar (Olivier Sibre) Part Four: Legacy Benedict XV's Men Benedict XV and the Cardinals (Roberto Regoli) Eugenio Pacelli: Benedict XV's Man of Peace (Philippe Chenaux) A Papal Envoy on the International Stage: Edmund Aloysius Walsh, SJ (Marisa Patulli Trythall) Benedict XV, Father Gemelli, and the Foundation of the Universit Cattolica (Maria Bocci) Bonaventura Cerretti and the Impossible Missions (Marialuisa Lucia Sergio) Europe for Peace and the Aftermath of Versailles The Failure to Revise the Treaty of London (July 1918) (Sergio Marchisio) New Diplomatic Relations and New Agreements in Europe (Stefan Samerski) Post Mortem The Death of the Pope in the Twentieth Century, Change and Continuity: The Example of Benedict XV ( douard Coquet) The 1922 Conclave and the Return of Pope Pius (Lorenza Lullini) The Statue of Benedict XV in Istanbul: The East's Gratitude to the Charitable Pope (Rinaldo Marmara) An Image-Building Failure: Biographies in the Era of Pius XI (Giulia Grossi) From Fernand Hayward's Un Pape m connu to the Spoleto Congress (1955-63) (Federico Ruozzi) Benedict XV and the Founding of the Pontifical Oriental Institute (1917): Foresight, Intuition, Hindsight (Edward G. Farrugia) Continuity and Discontinuity: Pius X, Benedict XV, and Pius XI (Annibale Zambarbieri) Conclusions The Benedict XV Moment (Denis Pelletier) Abstracts Name Index
Corpse in the Middle Ages: Embalming, Cremating, and the Cultural Construction of the Dead Body
, Brepols - Harvey Miller, 2021 Hardback, vi + 780 pages, Size:220 x 280 mm, Language(s):English, Latin. ISBN 9781909400870.
Summary To what extent are the dead truly dead? In medieval society, corpses were assigned special functions and meanings in several different ways. They were still present in the daily life of the family of the deceased, and could even play active roles in the life of the community. Taking the materiality of death as a point of departure, this book comprehensively examines the conservation, burial and destruction of the corpse in its specific historical context. A complex and ambivalent treatment of the dead body emerges, one which necessarily confronts established modern perspectives on death. New scientific methods have enabled archaeologists to understand the remains of the dead as valuable source material. This book contextualizes the resulting insights for the first time in an interdisciplinary framework, considering their place in the broader picture drawn by the written sources of this period, ranging from canon law and hagiography to medieval literature and historiography. It soon becomes obvious that the dead body is more than a physical object, since its existence only becomes relevant in the cultural setting it is perceived in. In analogy to the findings for the living body in gender studies, the corpse too, can best be understood as constructed. Ultimately, the dead body is shaped by society, i.e. the living. This book examines the mechanisms by which this cultural construction of the body took place in medieval Europe. The result is a fascinating story that leads deep into medieval theories and social practices, into the discourses of the time and the daily life experiences during this epoch. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABOUT THE TRANSLATION FOREWORD INTRODUCTION The Constructed Corpse: Methodology, Structure, and Goals Burial between Norm and Practice St Augustine and the "Constructed" Sanctity The Staged Corpse No Fear of the Dead Body Parts and the Gaze Upon the Dead Body A Topic between Popular Hype and Historical Lack of Interest: The State of Research CHAPTER I: THE BURIED CORPSE The Corpse and the Resurrection The Soul, the Corpse, and the Beyond The Eternal and the Eternally Disturbed Grave Drowning and the Element of Baptism Cremating the Dead: Between Concern and Banning The Proper Burial in the Middle Ages The Quest for the Phantom: The "Standard" Burial in the Christian Middle Ages Symbolism of Light and the Position of the Dead in the Grave Solitary Burial and Group Affiliation of the Corpse The Corpse is Coming to the Living: The Cult of the Martyrs and the Burial with Saints The Development of the Church Graveyard Interment in the Time of Crisis War Dead and Their Graves Death as a Result of Epidemics, the Black Death, and Burial The Corpse Portrayed Summary CHAPTER II: THE HOLY CORPSE Real Presence and the Cult of Relics The Holy Corpse as a Self-Determined Being Transfer of Relics and Fragmenting of the Corpse Desired Relics, Corpse Desecration, and the Dead as a Valuable Treasure The Corpse as Proof of Sanctity "Corpus Incorruptum," Mumification, and Created Sanctity The Aromatically Smelling Corpse Innocent Liquids: The Leichen l Medieval Complementary Logic: The Corpses of the "Valde Boni" and the "Valde Mali" Summary CHAPTER III: EMBALMING AND THE PRESERVATION OF CORPSES Ancient Embalming in the Middle Ages Ancient Mummies and the Christian Occident "Aromatibus conditum"-The Biblical Model and Early Christian Embalming Embalming in the Time of the Merovingians Sanctity and (Repeated) Embalming Change of the Embalming Technique in the Time of the Carolingians Rotting and the Ideal of a Fast Burial Ritual of Burial and the Transport of the Corpse A New Method: Opening of the Corpse to Remove the Entrails and the Badly Smelling Corpse of Charles the Bald Embalming in the High Middle Ages Transfer of Corpses since the High Middle Ages Embalming in the Tenth Century Embalming in the Time of the Salian and the Hohenstaufen Dynasties Robert Guiscard, Sven Gabelbart, and Embalming in the Kingdom of England Embalming in the Kingdom of France The Desert and the King of Jerusalem Popes and Saints Roland, Henry the Lion, and the Deer Hide: Embalming Practice in the Literary Discourse Corpse Transport and Social Prestige: Changes in the Process of Embalming in the Course of the High Middle Ages Kitchen, Cooking, and the Treatment of the Corpse Cooking the Corpse-a "mos Teutonicus"? Boiling of Corpses in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries The Bull "Detestandae feritatis" by Pope Boniface VIII from 1299 and the End of Boiling Corpses The White Bone: The Sanctity of the Boiled Body Individuals Charged with Taking Care of the Corpse and Corpse Washing Dissection of the Corpse and the Professionalization of Embalming Ar-Razi and Medicine in the High Middle Ages Henry of Mondeville, Guy de Chauliac, and the Process of Embalming in Late Medieval and Early Modern Medicine Innovations in High and Late Medieval Embalming Processes and the Anthropological and Archeological Data Opening of the Three Corporal Cavities The Application of Mercury Wax and Linen Galen and the Cold, Humid Corpse: Drying of the Corpse as a Technique in Embalming Aerial Drying of the Corpse Hygiene or the Preservation of the Corpse: Gypsum, Lime, and Hops Booming of Embalming: From the Eighteenth Century to Today Embalming, Preservation of the Body, and the Cult of Relics Summary CHAPTER IV: AUTHORITY AND THE CORPSE Visiting a Corpse-the Visit by a Corpse The Ruler's Corpse as a Sign of Victory The Specialists of Death and Their Ruler Clientele: The Location of the Grave and the Row of Corpses as a Means for Legitimization Conversion, Legitimacy, and the Beloved Bones of the Ancestors Summary CHAPTER V: THE COMMUNITY OF THE DEAD AND THE CORPSE IN THE "ORDO" Hierarchy of the Funeral Sites The Unclean Corpse and the Church as a Burial Site Old Age, Gender, and Kinship: The Hierarchy of the Burial Sites in Medieval Cemeteries Grave Donations Between Here and the Afterlife Clothing Provides Status to the Dead: Insignia of Social Class and the Identification of Corpses Pedum, Paten, Chalice, and Ring: The Burial of Priests and Bishops Crown, Scepter, Orb, and Royal Vestments: The Burial of Emperors and Kings Does God Forget the Names of the Dead? Tables with Inscriptions as Burial Objects and Inscriptions on the Sarcophagus Monastic Habit and Valuable Thread: Monks, Noblemen, Simple People, and Their Clothing for the Beyond Objects Useful for the Corpse Relics, Torture Instruments, and Hosts: Supporters for the Dead Written Documents, Indulgence Letters, and Seals as Documents of Faith Dead Pilgrims Plants and Herbs, Holy Water, Incense, and Coal: Funerary Objects Between Practice and Symbolism Shoes for the Day of Judgment Summary CHAPTER VI: THE CORPSE AND THE LAW The Corpse as the Interim Occupant of an Office The Corpse as Both Subject and Object of the Law The Corpse at Court Strikes with the Sword, Bleeding Corpses, and the Beginning of Forensics in the Middle Ages The Cemetery as a Place of Trial Marking Borders, Church Authority, and the Value of the Corpse The Funeral of the Corpse as an Economic Factor The Corpse and Marking of Borders Summary CHAPTER VII: THE LIVING CORPSE The Sleeping Dead and Its Physically Continued Life Signs of Life: Speaking, Bleeding, and Continued Growth of Nails and Hair Funeral Ritual to Prevent the Appearance of Revenants Placing Weights on the Corpse and the Separation and Breaking of the Legs Decapitation Impalement, Nailing Down, and Interment at a Crossroad Vampires in the Middle Ages? The Cremation of Revenants Obol and Payment of the Dead: Funerary Objects as a One-Way Ticket to the Afterlife? The Corpse Besieged by Demons The Active Corpse Summary CHAPTER VIII: THE DESTRUCTION AND DESECRATION OF CORPSES Deviation from the Funerary Ritual as Punishment and Exclusion Denial of Burial in Sacred Ground On Children Under the Church's Eaves and Pilgrimage Sites: The Unbaptized Dead and Children According to Archaeological Data Suicide and the Corpses of Suicide Victims Excommunicated Corpses and Death Under the Interdict The Example of Emperor Henry IV A Few Years of Eternity, or Was There a Permanent Exclusion of Those Who Had Been Excommunicated The Last of the Hohenstaufen and Their Excommunication: Conrad IV, Manfred of Sicily, and Conradin the Younger The High Medieval Debate on the Punishment of Corpses Exhumation as a Weapon in the Fight Against the Cathars The Growing Concern with the Moral Integrity of the Dead: Individuals Responsible for Church Desecration, Those Who Rejected Confession, and Those Dead Who Had Died without Their Guilt Having Been Forgiven and Atoned In the Case of Doubt Against the Dead: The Liturgists' Fear of the Unknown and the Foreign Death with the Lance in Hand: The Burial of Those Who Had Died in a Tournament The Burial of the Executed Being a Warrior and a Christian: The Exclusion from Burial in Light of Discourse Theory Corpse Desecration The Case of Pope Formosus Corpse Desecration as a Punishment The Ruler's Corpse and the Use of Scalps: Corpse Desecration as a Sign of Physical Superiority Burning and Physical Annihilation The Symbolism of Fire Death by Fire in the Early Middle Ages: Arsonists, Sodomites, Poisoners, Magicians, and Unusual Women The Burning of Heretics and Witches in the High and Late Middle Ages The Destruction of Corpses in the Early Modern Time The Humble Corpse Burial in Simple Clothing The Corpse Placed on Ash Paradise and the Naked Earth: The Burial Site as a Sign of Christian Humility The Penitent Approaching the Day of Judgment: Pippin the Short and Prone Burial Humility of the Medieval Corpse Summary CHAPTER IX: THE CORPSE AS MEDICINE AND MIRACLE CURE The Corpse as Royal Blessing? The Corpse as a Medium to Create Miracles and Magic Charges Against Heretics, Witches, and Jews: Ritual Murder and Mirroring the Eucharist The Corpses of Executed People as Medicine "Mumia vera"-Mummies as a Medical Drug Building Sacrifice and the Corpse as a Weapon Summary CHAPTER X: HEART, HEAD, AND HAND-THE BODY PARTS OF CORPSES FROM AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL PERSPECTIVE The Practice of Multiple Burials in the High and Late Middle Ages Heart Head Hand Summary EPILOGUE BIBLIOGRAPHY List of Abbreviations Sources Research Literature INDICES Index of Bible passages Index of Names Index of Places
Biblical Humanism in Bohemia and Moravia in the 16th Century
, Brepols, 2017 Hardback, 329 p., 156 x 234 mm, Illustrations:30 tables b/w., English, Czech, Latin. *NEW. ISBN 9782503551814.
Bohemia and Moravia are extraordinarily important in the history of biblical translation into the Slavic languages. In the mid-14th century the first complete translation of the Bible into a national Slavonic language, namely the Old Czech, appeared in Bohemia. Other works that exerted influence on translations of the Bible into Polish, Lusatian, or Ruthenian originated in the Bohemian Lands in the 14th to 16th centuries. The Old Czech biblical tradition found its successors in the 16th century producing a number of translations of the Bible or its parts into the Czech language. The present volume follows the transmission of the biblical text in the 16th century focusing on those translators who exploited incentives of the biblical humanism and, as a consequence, deviated to a various degree from the Latin Vulgate tradition. The pioneering work of the N m??? New Testament translation of 1533, closely linked to the first grammar of the Czech language issued in the same year, was followed shortly after by others and found its peak in the monumental Six-Volume Kralice Bible which originated between 1579 and 1594 and decisively influenced Modern Standard Czech. The present volume brings bio-bibliographical information about the authors of the translations, translatological analyses of the works examined, characterization of their Czech language and new findings about the sources for the translations. The breadth and depth of analysis are unprecedented in the scholarship dealing with 16th century Czech translations of the Bible. he book is divided into two parallel and mutually linked parts (I. Biographical sketches of translators and bibliography of prints, II. Linguistic analysis), each consisting of seven chapters (see below). The structure of the book, selection of prints examined and editorial note are described in an introductory part. Individual chapters describe biblical translations or their parts into Czech which were influenced by biblical humanism. The chapters are ordered chronologically according to the first edition of the translations described. The biographical information consists of information about the translation (period reports and reception, realization of the translation, copies preserved until today) and the translator (his studies, professional occupation, intellectual skills, confession and genres of his works important for the context of the work described and bibliography). The linguistic analysis aims at determining the sources of the translation, the translation strategy, the Czech of the translation and the impact of further tradition. The following works are analyzed: 1. New Testament (printed in N m??? 1533) by Bene? Opt t and Petr Gzel. The first Czech biblical translation to deviate intentionally from the Vulgate, translated from Erasmus? Latin New Testament version. The translators were non-conformist Utraquists residing in Moravia. The translation is unique as the translators created a lot of neologisms while trying to express the etymology of some religious terms. The translation was made use of in Jan Blahoslav?s works including his New Testament of 1564 and 1568. 2. The second Severin Bible of 1537 printed in Prague. It is a revised text of the first edition of 1529 and a very important text for further development of the Czech biblical translation. In both the Old and the New Testaments it deviates from the Vulgate to a certain even though limited degree. This Bible became the textual model for Melantrich?s editions of the Bible. 3. Paraphrase on the Gospel of St Matthew (Leitmeritz 1542) and translation of the Old Testament by Jan Vartovsk of Varta. The paraphrase is a translation of Erasmus? paraphrase of the Gospel according to Matthew. Vartovsk , a trilingual utraquist scholar and a Prague citizen, was also an author of an unpreserved translation of the Old Testament from original texts. 4. Netolick and Melantrich Bibles (1549?1577). The translation or modification of older versions was partially prepared by Sixt of Ottersdorf, a Reformation humanist and a well-known historian who prepared the translation of the Third Book of Maccabees (for the first time in a Czech version issued in the Netolick Bible of 1549) and also took part in modification of the New Testament. The Melantrich Bibles represent the official and most widespread Czech translation of the second half of the 16th century. 5. ?alt ? svat ho Davida, translated by Mat?j ?ervenka and released in 1562 possibly in Prost?jov. It is the first translation of the Unity of Brethren to include numerous non-Vulgate readings even though it was translated from a Latin version. The translation was fiercely criticized in Jan Blahoslav?s grammar but in some readings it did influence the translation of Psalms in the Kralice Bible. 6. Two New Testament translations (printed in Ivan?ice in 1564 and 1568, respectively) by Jan Blahoslav, a bishop of the Unity of the Brethren, strongly influenced by Melanchthonian Reformation humanism. The translation was based on Greek-Latin versions of the Bezan and Erasmian tradition and quoted also the Greek text. It is a direct predecessor to the Six-Volume Kralice Bible. It originated as a counterpart to the N m??? New Testament of 1533 and translations following the Vulgate. During the translation, Jan Blahoslav prepared a grammar of Czech intended also as a manual for future translation of the Old Testament. In the grammar various biblical sources and humanistic translations are mentioned which help us reconstruct the sources for the translation. 7. The Six-Volume Kralice Bible (1579?1594) and its reeditions before 1613. This Bible is the largest Czech humanistic translation and the first complete biblical translation into Czech to have been translated from the original languages (Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek). It was prepared by a group of scholars and priests of the Unity of the Brethren. The first edition was printed in six volumes in which the biblical translation was supplemented by extensive philological and theological commentaries. These should compensate for exegetical works. The translation reflects influences of Reformation confessional culture and in the following centuries it decisively influenced the Standard Czech. The Kralice Bible and Blahoslav?s New Testament are therefore treated in the prepared publication most extensively. New findings enable to give a more accurate account of the whole process of translation and its cultural context.
Drawings of Peter Paul Rubens, A Critical Catalogue vols; 1-6, - 6 VOLUMES SET catalogue raisonn of all drawings. * The Drawings of Peter Paul Rubens, A Critical Catalogue, Volume One (1590?1608) 2 vols. * The Drawings of Peter Paul Rubens, A Critical Catalogue, Volume Two (1609?1620) 2 vols. * The Drawings of Peter Paul Rubens, A Critical Catalogue, Volume Three, 1621?1640) 2 vols Part One: Text and Part Two: Plates
, Brepols - Harvey Miller, 2021-2023-2025 6 vols., 536 pages + 732 + 555 pages, 216 x 280 mm , 260 + 291 colour ill., English, Hardcovers, **NEW. ISBN 9782503595702.
This is the 6 -volume catalogue raisonn of all drawings considered by the authors to be by Rubens. It covers the years 1590- 1608, Volumes II and III dealing, respectively, with the periods 1609-20 and 1621- 40 and * The Drawings of Peter Paul Rubens, A Critical Catalogue, Volume One (1590?1608) * The Drawings of Peter Paul Rubens, A Critical Catalogue, Volume Two (1609?1620) * The Drawings of Peter Paul Rubens, A Critical Catalogue, Volume Three, 1621?1640 It is the first publication that presents the artist?s entire drawn oeuvre in chronological order, previous such publications containing only selections of drawings. By leafing through the illustrations, this arrangement provides the user with a quick visual impression of the variety of techniques, media, subject and functions of Rubens?s drawings at an one time. Volume I consists of the drawings of the artist?s childhood, apprenticeship and first years as a master in Antwerp to his formative years in Italy, spent mostly in Mantua and Rome, with an excursion to Spain. These are the years primarily devoted to learning and absorbing the art of the past, from sixteenth-century German and Netherlandish prints to the works of the ancient and Italian Renaissance masters. A large number of these drawings consists of copies after the works of other artists, largely executed as part of the artistic training at the time. For the first time, Rubens's copies and their models are not discussed and illustrated as a separate entity but are fully integrated into the rest of his graphic oeuvre, thus showing copies and original compositions created at the same time side by side. The volume contains 204 entries, including several sheets with drawings on recto and verso. Each entry consists of a detailed physical description of the drawing, provenance, exhibition history, full bibliography and a critical, interpretive discussion. In addition, Volume I contains an essay on the history of the scholarship of Rubens?s drawings, a subject that has not been treated before. All drawings by Rubens and the works by other artists he copied as well as a selection of other comparative images are reproduced in color. This is Volume II in the three-volume catalogue raisonn of the drawings by Rubens covering the years 1609?20. The project is a collaboration between Anne-Marie Logan, to whom belong all the Rubens attributions, and Kristin Lohse Belkin. It is the first publication that presents the artist?s entire drawn oeuvre in chronological order, previous such publications containing only selections of drawings. By leafing through the illustrations, this arrangement offers the user a quick visual impression of the variety of techniques, media, subject matter and functions of Rubens?s drawings at any one time. Accordingly, Volume II consists of the drawings from the time of Rubens?s return from Italy and the establishment of his workshop in Antwerp to the completion of his contribution to the furnishing and decoration of the city?s new Jesuit church, today?s St. Charles Borromeo. The decade is characterized by a broad range of genres and iconography: large altarpieces stand next to cabinet-size pictures, book illustrations next to designs for tapestry, sculpture and architectural reliefs; religious, mythological and historical subjects alternate with allegories, portraits, exotic hunts and scenes from country life. Copies after other artists? works that constitute such a large part of Rubens's early years discussed in Volume I have given way to original inventions in pen and ink and, above all, by life studies in chalk of the human body, naked or dressed. The whole spectrum of Rubens's extraordinary creativity, nowhere presented as directly and immediately as in his drawings, is there to be contemplated in all its astonishing diversity. Each entry consists of a detailed physical description of the drawing, provenance, exhibition history, full bibliography and a critical, interpretive discussion. All drawings by Rubens as well as a selection of comparative images are reproduced in color.
